
Class. 



453 



Book ''^ ^w 



OFFICIAL DONATION. 



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BUREAU OF THE AMERICAN REPUBLICS, 

WASHINGTON, U. S. A. 



SALVADOR. 



BULLETIN NO. 58. 1892. 

[Revised to March i, 1894. J 




Royal Palm, San Salvador. 




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LIST OF BUREAU PUBLICATIONS. 



1. Hand Book of the American Republics, No. i. 

2. Hand Book of the American Republics, No. 2. 
50. Hand Book of the American Republics, No. 3. 

7. Hand Book of Brazil. 
9. Hand Book of Mexico. 

31. Hand Book of Costa Rica. 

32. Hand Book of Guatemala. 
Hand Book of Colombia. 
Hand Book of Venezuela. 
Hand Book of Nicaragua. 
Hand 13ook of Santo Domingo. 
Hand Book of Bolivia. 
Hand Book of Uruguay. 
Hand Book of Haiti. 

67. Hand Book oi the Argentine Republic. 
S. Import Duties of Mexico. 

8. Import Duties of Brazil. 

10. Import Duties of Cuba and Puerto Rico. 

11. Import Duties of Costa Rica. 

12. Import Duties of Santo Domingo. 

20. Import Duties of Nicaragua. 

21. Import Duties of Mexico (revised). 

22. Import Duties of Bolivia. 

23. Import Duties of Salvador. 

24. Import Duties of Honduras. 

25. Import Duties of Ecuador. 
27. Import Duties of Colombia. 

36. Import Duties of Venezuela. 

37. Import Duties of the British Colonies. 

43. Import Duties of Guatemala. 

44. Import Duties of the United States. 

45. Import Duties of Peru. 

46. Import Duties of Chile. 

47. Import Duties of Uruguay. 

48. Import Duties of the .\rgentine Republic. 

49. Import Duties of Haiti. 

13. Commercial Directory of Brazil. 

14. Commercial Directory of Venezuela. 



S- Commercial Directory of Colombia. 

16. Commercial Directory of Peru. 

17. Commercial Directory of Chile. 

18. Commercial Directory of Mexico. 

19. Commercial Directory of Bolivia, Ecuador, 

Paraguay, and Uruguay. 
26. Commercial Directory of the Argentine Re- 
public. 

28. Commercial Directory of Central America. 

29. Commercial Directory of Haiti and Santo Do- 

mingo . 

38. Commercial Directory of Cuba and Puerto 

Rico. 

39. Commercial Directory of European Colonies. 
Commercial Directory of Latin America. 

42. Newspaper Directory of Latin America. 

3. Patent and Trade-Mark Laws of America. 

4. Money, Weights, and Measures of the Amer- 

ican Republics. 
6. Foreign Commerce of the American Republics. 

30. First Annual Report, 1891. 
Second Annual Report, 1892. 

35. Breadstuffs in Latin America. 

40. Mines and Mining Laws of Latin America. 

41. Commercial Information Concerning the Amer- 

ican Republics and Colonies. 
53. Immigration and Land Laws of Latin America. 
63, How the Markets of Latin America may be 
reached. 
Manual de las Reptiblicas Americanas,i89i. 
Monthly Bulletin, October, 1893. 
Monthly Bulletin, November, 1893. 
Monthly Bulletin, December, 1893. 
Monthly Bulletin, January, 1894. 
Monthly Bulletin, February, 1894. 
Monthly Bulletin, March, 1894. 

67. Hand Book of Argentine Republic. 

68. Special Costa Rica Bulletin. 



The abf ; list includes publications of the Bureau from its organization to April 15, 1894. No requests 
based upot the above ivill be noticed. 

On the following page will be found a list of publications issued by the Bureau, of which a limited 
number remain for distribution. 

Ill 



SALE OF BUREAU PUBLICATIONS. 



The following monthl)'^ bulletins have been published by the Bureau of the American 
Republics, viz : " Coffee in America," October, i8g3 ; " Coal and Petroleum in Colom- 
bia," etc., November, 1893; "Minerals and Resources of Northeastern Nicaragua," 
etc., December, 1893; " Finances of Chile," etc., Januar}', 1894; "Costa Rica at the 
World's Fair," etc., February, 1894; "Reciprocity Treaties and Trade," etc., March, 
1894; "The Republic of Costa Rica," etc., April, 1B94; "Mexico: Treasury Receipts, 
Total Sources of Income for Fiscal Year 1894-95," etc., May, 1894; "Import Duties 
of Guatemala" (revised), June, 1894; "American Live Stock," etc., July, 1894. 

With the Jul}' number will be commenced the second volume of these bulletins, and 
subscriptions for the year ending June 30, 1895, will be received at the rate of $1 per 
annum ; single copies, 10 cents each. Of the publications of the Bureau the following 
will be furnished to applicants upon receipt of the prices named in the list. Money 
may be sent b}' post-office money order, payable to-the Director of the Bureau of Ameri- 
can Republics. All other remittances are at the risk of the sender. Postage stamps 
will not be received. 

PRICE LIST. 



Cents. 



Cents. 



39 



Patent and Trade-Mark Laws of America. 
Money, Weights, and Measures of the 

American Republics 

Foreign Commerce of the American Re- 

pubhcs 

Import Duties of Brazil 

Import Duties of Cuba and Puerto Rico. 

Import Duties of Costa Rica 

Commercial Directory of Brazil 

Commercial Directory of Venezuela 

Commercial Directory of Colombia 

Commercial Directory of Peru 

Commercial Directory of Chile 

Commercial Directory of Mexico 

Commercial Directory of Bolivia, Ecua- 
dor, Paraguay, and Uruguay 

Import Duties of Nicaragua 

Import Duties of Mexico (revised) 

Import Duties of Bolivia 

Import Duties of Salvador 

Import Duties of Honduras 

Import Duties of Ecuador 

Commercial Directory of the Argentine 

Republic 

Import Duties of Colombia 

CommercialDirectoryof Central America 
Commercial Directory of Haiti and Santo 

Domingo 

First Annual Report of the Bureau, 1891 . . 

Hand Book of Guatemala 

Hand Book of Colombia 

Hand Book of Venezuela 

Import Duties of Venezuela 

(Commercial Directory of Cuba and 

Puerto Rico 

Commercial Directory of British, Danish, 

Dutch, and French Colonies 



5 ; A'^- 
43- 

5 44- 
45- 

20 46. 

10 1 47. 

IS ' 48. 

10 , 49. 

5 SO- 

S ' 

S SI- 

s 52- 

5 ! S3- 
IS 

I 54- 

5 I 55- 

10 I S7- 

IS ! S8. 

20 I 61. 

S ' 62. 

10 ' 6^. 



Newspaper Directory of Latin America 

Import Duties of Guatemala 

Import Duties of the Unit d States 

Imjjort Duties of Peru 

Import Duties of Chile 

Import Duties of Uruguay 

Import Duties of the Argentine Republic. 

Import Duties of Haiti 

Hand Book of the American Republics, 

No. 3 

Hand Book of Nicaragua ; 

Hand Book of Santo Domingo ._. 

Immigration and Land Laws of Lalm 

America 

Hand Bookof Paraguay 

Hand Book of Bolivia 

Hand Book of Honduras 

Hand Book of Salvador 

Hand Book of Uruguay 50 

Hand Book of Haiti 50 

How the Markets of Latin America may 

be reached 40 

Hand Book of Ecuador 50 

Hand Book of the Argentine Republic. . . 50 

Special Costa Rica Bulletin 25 

Import Duties of Guatemala (revised) ... 25 



PUBLICATIONS NOT NUMBERED. 

Commercial Directory of Latin America. . , . 

Second Annual Report of the Bureau, 1892.. 

Third Annual Report of the Bureau, 1893 . . . 

Manual de las Repiiblicas Americanas, 1892. 

Monthly Bulletins, $1 per annum ; single 
copies 

Code of Commercial Nomenclature, first vol- 
ume, 852 pages 



The " Code of Commercial Nomenclature," named in the above list, is the first vol- 
ume of the first edition of the work suggested by the International American Confer- 
ence. It contains 852 pages, and includes something over 28,000 commercial terms in 
English, Spanish, and Portuguese. This volume is bound in cloth, and is now ready 
for distribution. • 



CONTENTS. 



Chapter i. Historical outline 

2. Geographical sketch 

3. Political divisions and population 

4. Constitution and form of government 

5. Education, charitable institutions, and religion 

6. Climate and seasons 

7. Agriculture and forestry 

8. Minerals and mining 

9. Commerce 

10. Money, banking, and revenue 

11. Transportation, telegraphs, and mails 

Appendix A. Constitution of Salvador 

^ B. Law relating to aliens 

C. Parcels post convention with United States 

D. Reciprocal commercial arrangement with United States. 

E. Import duties 

F. Commercial directory 

Newspaper directory 

Index 



Page. 

I 

5 

9 

28 

30 

34 

38 

47 

51 

64 

70 

75 

100 

108 

114 

117 

156 

166 

167 



ILLUSTRATIONS. 

^ Page. 

Map of Salvador Frontispiece. 

Royal Palm, San Salvador lo 

La Union 26 

National Universit}^, San Salvador ■ 30 

Sonsonate S3 

San Salvador — General view^ from the Park 35 

Coffee estate near San Salvador 38 

Custom-house at Acajutla fo 

VI 



/ r\ 



Chapter I. 



HISTORICAL OUTLINE. 

The completion of the subjugation of Mexico left its conquerors 
free to turn their attention to the regions lying to the south, of which 
rumor had given such glowing descriptions. The reports of the 
beauty, fertility, and riches of these unknown lands rendered the 
allurements to further conquests irresistible, and to Pedro de Alva- 
rado was entrusted the task of their subjugation. Leaving the 
City of Mexico early in 1522 he swept southward like a tornado 
through the Provinces which now form l!he southern States of the 
Republic of Mexico. Tribe after tribe was conquered and their 
warriors paid with their blood the penalty of daring to defend 
their native land. Still marching southward, the country now 
called Guatemala was swept with fire and sword and compelled 
to submit to the Spanish yoke. In the summer of 1524, leaving 
ruin and desolation in its track, the victorious army passed across 
La Paz River into what is now called the Republic of Salvador. 
They were at first hospitably received by the natives, but, overcome 
by terror at the cruelties inflicted on them by the invaders, they 
sought refuge in flight and spread an alarm which resulted in des- 
perate resistance. 

In a fierce battle at Acajutla, Alvarado received an arrow 
wound which rendered him lame for the remainder of his life, 
but he took such ample revenge that of all the great multitude 
of his opponents on that day not one was left alive. The result 
of a struggle between the mail-clad, well-armed Spanish veterans 
and the poorly equipped and half-naked native warriors could 



2 SALVADOR. 

have but one result, however it might be delayed by the bravery 
of the multitudes who sacrificed their lives in defense of their 
homes; but it was not until after a second campaign, in the year 
] 525, that Cuscatlan, the capital, was finally captured and Salvador 
became a part ot the vice-regal kingdom of Guatemala. For nearly 
three hundred years it continued under the Spanish dominion, the 
natives wasting away and diminishing in the cruel slavery imposed 
on them, as they tilled the soil under the fierce tropical sun or 
toiled in the mines for the benefit of their ruthless taskmasters. 

The first mutterings of the corning storm of revolution were 
heard in 1811, but it was not until 1821 that the successful termi- 
nation of the struggle for liberty in Mexico inspired the southern 
colonies to shake off the Spanish yoke. This was accomplished 
without bloodshed, and on the 15th of September, in that year, 
the territory comprised in the kingdom of Guatemala was declared 
free and independent. In the following year an attempt was made 
to annex the country to the Mexican Empire, under the rule of 
Iturbide. The Province of Salvador resisted, but finally had to 
submit to a Mexican force commanded by Gen. Filisola, and was 
incorporated in the Empire. The following year, however, wit- 
nessed the downfall of Iturbide, and a constitutional convention 
was called, which, in 1824, declared the foundation of a federal 
republic, called "The Central American Confederation," composed 
of the five States, Guatemala, Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, 
and Costa Rica, and Gen. Manuel J. Arce was elected its first 
President. 

This form of government proved impracticable; party jealousies 
and personal ambitions brought turmoil and strife, in spite of the 
efibrts of far-seeing patriots, who recognized the fact that in union 
alone lay the hope of peace, security, and prosperity for their 
country. For some years Gen. Francisco Mc5razan struggled to 
maintain order and to save the union, but in spite of all his efforts 
the federation was dissolved in 1839, and the five States became 



v\ 



SALVADOR. O 

sovereign and independent republics. Another efFort on the part 
of Morazan to reunite them resulted in his death. He was taken 
prisoner and shot at San Jose, Costa Rica, in September, 1842. 

Since the death of Morazan the several republics have made 
many efforts to reestablish Central American nationality, but so 
far without success. The last attempt in this direction, made by 
Gen. Justo Rufino Barrios, President of Guatemala, in 1885, ended 
in disaster. On the 13th of August, 1886, the Constitution which 
is now in force was promulgated. 

In accordance with this Constitution, Gen. Menendez was 
elected to the Presidency in 1887, by popular vote, for the term 
ending in 1890. 

Upon his death. Gen. Carlos Ezeta was called to the Presidency. 
He was inaugurated on the 1st of March, 1891. 

At the time in which this handbook goes to the press, Salvador 
is under a provisional government headed by Gen. Gutierrez as 
temporary President. 



Chapter II. 



GEOGRAPHICAL SKETCH. 

The Republic of Salvador is situated between 13° 12' and 14° 
28' north latitude and 87° 37' and 90° 6' longitude west, of the 
meridian of Greenwich. It is the only one of the five Central 
American Republics not having a coast line on the Atlantic, and 
is bounded on the north by Honduras and Guatemala, on the east 
by Honduras and the Bay of Fonseca, on the south by the Pacific 
Ocean, and on the west by Guatemala. It also possesses the 
small islands called Punta Zacate, Martin Perez, Mianguera, and 
Conchaguita, in the Bay of Fonseca. It is the smallest of the 
Central American Republics, having an area of only 7,255 square 
miles. Its frontage on the Pacific is 139- miles in length. 

The physical aspect of Salvador is very varied but chiefly 

mountainous. On its northern frontier, and near the boundary 

line of Honduras, stretches the great mountain chain of the Sierra 

Madre or Cordilleras, many of the peaks of which rise to a height 

of from 7,000 to 8,000 feet above the level of the sea. This chain 

of mountains, which is intersected by the valleys of the Lempa, 

Sumpul, and Guarajambala, sends great spurs towards the center 

of the Republic. From these mountains the land descends in 

great undulations on the northwest to the shores of the river 

Lempa, also to the north and northeast, until it rises again in that 

direction forming secondary ridges. At a distance of about 15 

miles from the coast and parallel to it runs the Coast Range of 

mountains, which also throws out spurs of more or less importance 

toward the interior on the one side and the sea on the other. 

5 



SALVADOR. 



Like the Sierra Madre chain the Coast Range is not continuous 
but is intersected by the valleys of the Lempa and the Rio Grande 
of San Miguel at a short distance from where those rivers enter 
the ocean. 

The greater part of the volcanoes of the Republic are situated 
either in the Coast Range or within a short distance from it. Their 
names and altitude above the sea level are as follov/s: 



Feet. 

San Vincente 7, 683 

San Salvador 7, 370 

Santa Ana 6, 615 

San Miguel 6, 500 

Usulutan 5, 400 



Apaneca : 5, 350 

Izalco 4, 973 

Sociedad 4, 250 

Chinameca 4, 200 



Most of these are extinct, as will be noticed in the reference 
to them in the description of the departments in which they are 
situated. 

Three-fourths of the broad space which lies between the two 
great mountain ranges is occupied by the valleys of the river Lempa 
and its tributaries, forming a most characteristic topographical 
feature of the country. The remaining eastern portion is com- 
posed of the valleys of the San Miguel, the Torola, and other 
small streams that flow into the Bay of Fonseca. The numerous 
small valleys which lie among the branches of the mountain ranges 
and the spurs and isolated hills are in general very broken in sur- 
face ; consequently the plains and level spaces are with few excep- 
tions of limited extension. 

The principal and largest river of the Republic is the Lempa, 
which has its origin in the Republic of Guatemala, flows through 
the department of Copan, in Honduras, and enters the territory 
of Salvador in the northwestern part of the department of Chala- 
tenango. 

It follows a very tortuous course towards the south and east, 
and for some distance forms the boundary between Salvador and 
the Honduranean department of Intibuca; then again turning to 



SALVADOR. 



7 



the south it intersects the Coast Range of mountains and flows into 
the Pacific Ocean near the Bay of Jiquilisco. 

The other principal rivers are La Paz, which for some distance 
forms the boundary line between Salvador and Guatemala; the 
Goascoran, which for the lower part of its course forms the bound- 
ary between Salvador and Honduras; the Rio Grande, and the 
Jiboa. There are also a great number of smaller rivers and streams 
tributary to these main water courses. 

The principal lakes are those of Guija and Ilopango. There 
are also several smaller bodies of water which are chiefly of vol- 
canic origin. In January, 1880, Lake Ilopango was the scene of 
a very remarkable volcanic phenomenon, which was preceded by 
a severe earthquake in the surrounding country. The waters of 
the lake suddenly rose 4 feet above their usual level, and flow- 
ing into the bed of the Jilva, a stream which forms the usual out- 
let from the lake, increased it to the proportions of a broad and 
raging river, which soon made for itself a channel 30 to 35 
feet in depth. A rapid subsidence in the level of the lake was 
thus produced, and by March 6 the surface was 34 feet below its 
maximum. Toward the center of the lake a stony island, 500 feet 
in diameter, rose to a height of 150 feet above the level of the lake, 
surrounded by several smaller islands, while the water adjacent to 
them became very hot. 

As indicated by this event, and the two volcanoes that are still 
active and form the safety valves, the volcanic forces in Salvador 
have not yet spent themselves, although all indications show that 
they are far less active than in past ages. Earthquakes have been 
frequent, particularly in the neighborhood of the capital, which 
was wrecked by them in the years 1539, 1575, 1594^ 1^59' ^1^1^ 
1719, 1793, 1815, 1839, 1854, and 1873. ^^ '^' ^^ ^^^^' ^° ^^^' 
ject to rockings and tremblings of the earth as to have acquired 
the name of the swinging hammock. The number of geysers 
and hot springs which exist in several of the departments are 



8 SALVADOR. 

also evidences of considerable volcanic heat yet existing beneath 
the surface. There can be no doubt, however, that the volcanic 
energy which in remote ages has had such a marked effect on the 
topography of the whole of the Pacific Coast of America is grad- 
ually dying out in Salvador, as it has done in other parts of the 
continent, and seismic disturbances subside and become less vio- 
lent in the same ratio. 

In the Sierra Madre Range the primitive rocks predominate,' 
marking their ancient origin, but the Coast Range is entirely of 
plutonic material; the basalts, scoriae, and ashes are all volcanic. 

The slopes of the mountains, the valleys, and tablelands are 
deeply covered with rich alluvial soils, formed by the detritus of 
the rocks and decomposed vegetable matter, which are of won- 
derful fertility. 

Salvador has three ports, through which pass all the ocean com- 
merce of the Republic, La Union, La Libertad, and Acajutla. 
The two latter are little more than open roadsteads, where ships 
anchor a mile or two from the coast and freight and passengers 
are carried by launches, from which they are elevated by machin- 
ery to piers extending out some distance from the shore. 

La Union is one of the best ports on the Pacific Coast of Cen- 
tral America. It is situated in the Bay of La Union, which is an 
indentation of the magnificent Gulf of Fonseca, from which it is 
entered by a narrow strait. It is a secure and landlocked harbor, 
with good anchorage, and large enough to accommodate an im- 
mense traffic. Whenever it is reached by a railroad it will without 
doubt become the principal port of the Republic. 



Chapter III 



POLITICAL DIVISIONS AND POPULATION. 

The Republic of Salvador is divided into 14 departments. 
The following table shows the names of the departments, the 
number of districts into which they are subdivided, and their capital 
cities, with the population in 1892: 



Departments. 


Capital cities. 


Population. 


Number 
of 

districts. 


Capitals. 


Depart- 
ments. 






30, 000 
II, 000 

11, 000 

12, 000 
33, 000 

6,000 
8, 000 

10, 000 

11, 000 
6, 500 
6, 000 

23, 000 
3, 000 
3, 000 


63, 000 
49, 000 
41, 000 
37, 000 
80, 000 
54. 000 
62, 000 
35, 000 
40, 500 
70, 000 
42, 000 
60, 000 
35, 000 
35, 000 


3 


"^ La Libertad 


New San Salvador 

Sonsonate 

Ahuachapan 


'*^ Sonsonate 




A Ahuachap^n 




/^ Santa Ana 


Santa Ana 


3 
2 


•^ Chalatenango 

Cuscatlan 


Chalatenango 


Cojutepeque 




Cabanas 


Sensuntepeque 




San Vincente 


San Vincente . . 




La Paz 


Lacatecoluca 


2 


Usulutan 


Usulutan 


2 


San Miguel 


San Miguel 


2 


Morazan 


Gotera 


3 


La Union *. 








Total 




703, 500 













The 14 departments contain 31 districts, 27 cities, 51 towns, 
164 villages, and 215 hamlets. As in other parts of Central 
America, the upper classes are either of pure white blood or 
have a large admixture of it, but the indigenous race is still largely 
represented in the country. They are naturally docile and tracta- 
ble, and generally honest, orderly, and industrious. Salvador being 
smaller in size, more compact, and more densely populated than 

9 



lO SALVADOR. 

some other parts of Central America, it has been easier for the 
Government to extend its paternal care over the mental improve- 
ment and material progress of the people, with admirable results, 
as the inhabitants of the cities have attained as high a degree of 
refinement as those of the United States, while the Indians, who 
form the majority of the agriculturists and laborers, are exhibiting 
marked signs of progress. 

Spanish is the language of the country, although in some of the 
more secluded parts of the country, such as the Costa del Balsimo, 
or Balsam Coast, not only the old speech but many of the ancient 
usages still prevail. 

Department of San Salvador. 

Cities. — San Salvador and Tonacatepeque. 

l^owns. — -Mejicanos, Apopa, Nejapa, Santo Tomas, and Pan- 
chiinalco. 

The department of San Salvador is bounded on the north by 
the departments of Chalatenango and Cuscatlan, on the east by 
Cuscatlan and La Paz, on the south by La Libertad and La Paz, 
and on the west by La Libertad. 

The surface of this department is rugged and picturesque. In 
the southern part it is crossed from east to west by the Coast Range 
of mountains; the center has many small valleys of great beauty 
and fertility, while in the north ranges of hills, bare of trees, give a 
mountainous appearance to the landscape. There are two volca- 
noes in this department — those of San Salvador, or Quezaltepeque, 
as it is called in the aboriginal language, and Ilopango, which is 
situated in the lake of the same name. 

The department dates from 1821, being one of the original 
divisions created at that date, when the country was separated from 
Guatemala on gaining its independence. Its principal city, San 
Salvador, is the capital of the Republic. It is situated in the 
pleasant valley of Las Hamacas, on the river Acelhuate, in lati- 



SALVADOR. 11 

tude 13° 45' north, and 80° 8' longitude west of the meridian of 
Greenwich. It is 2,115 feet above the level of the sea. It was 
founded by Don Jorge de Alvarado, brother of the conqueror, 
Don Pedro, on the 4th of April, 1528, at a place a short distance 
from the present site, from which it was transferred to its present 
location in 1539- It was incorporated as a city in September, 
1543. From 1834 to 1839 it was the capital of the Republic, a 
dignity which was in the latter year transferred to the city of San 
Vincente, but in 1840 it was definitely designated as the capital, 
and has since retained that distinction. Its streets are straight, 
well lighted, and nearly all paved. 

All the offices of the Government departments are located in 
the city; also the supreme, civil, and military courts, and the 
ecclesiastical government. It has also an academy of science and 
belles-lettres, a chamber of commerce, a national library, an astro- 
nomical observatory, a museum, and botanical garden. Among 
its principal public buildings are the national palace, the 'executive 
mansion, the municipal building, the national theater, the cathe- 
dral, the university, the national institute, the artillery barracks, 
the hospital, the palace of justice, the orphan asylum, the poly- 
technic school, and ladies' normal college. It has also a handsome 
market, which is a private enterprise. It has two handsome public 
parks and several plazas or squares, in one of which, called Mora- 
zan, is a handsome monument of marble and bronze dedicated to 
him as the last President of United Central America. 

The city has a well-organized police force, an abundant supply 
of excellent water, and in many respects will compare favorably 
with the cities of the United States or Europe. It has good 
hotels, cafes, and restaurants, where entertainment can be had at 
moderate prices. The suburbs and surroundings of the city are 
very pleasant, containing large numbers of private houses, with 
shrubbery, trees, and gardens. There is a magnificent establish- 
ment containing natural baths of various degrees of temperature. 



12 SALVADOR. 

The city has considerable commerce. It has three banks and 
a number ot mercantile and agency firms. Manufacturing is 
carried on to a considerable extent. In the city and suburbs 
there are establishments for the production of candles and soap, 
cigars, matches, ice, bricks of artificial stone, distilleries, saw and 
flour mills, sugar refineries, and mills for cleaning rice apd coffee. 
A great deal of weaving is also done on hand looms, the products 
being shawls and scarfs of silk, flax, and cotton, and cotton cloth. 

The city has suffered very much from earthquakes, which have 
frequently nearly reduced it to ruins, but on each occasion the 
perseverance and patriotism of its citizens have resulted in a recon- 
struction of its edifices in better and more substantial style. Profit- 
ing by these experiences the buildings have been built in a manner 
to render them almost earthquake proof, and recent earthquakes 
have proved much less disastrous than those of former days. 

The city of San Salvador has for some years been connected 
with the city of New San Salvador, or Santa Tecla, by a horse 
railroad lo miles in length, which is now being converted into a 
locomotive road, by whom it was purchased from the company 
which constructed it. It will be connected with the railroad to the 
port of Acajutla, which is now being built towards Santa Tecla. 

Outside of the cities the inhabitants of the department are prin- 
cipally engaged in agriculture, producing coffee, sugar, tobacco, 
rice, corn, and beans. 

Department of La Libertad. 

Cities. — New San Salvador (Santa Tecla) and Opico. 

T^owns. — La Libertad, Teotepeque, and Quezaltepeque. 

The department of La Libertad is b4)unded on the north by the 
department of Chalatenango, on the east by San Salvador and 
La Paz, on the south by the Pacific Ocean, and on the west by the 
departments of Sonsonate and Santa Ana. The central part of 
its territory is very mountainous, being crossed from east to west 



SALVADOR. 



13 



by the Coast Range of mountains and the system of the volcano of 
Quezaltepeque ; the surface of the southern portion is broken by 
a great number of spurs extending from the mountain ranges to the 
ocean. To the west of the volcano exists the extensive basin of 
Sapopitau. The northern portion is crossed by high ridges between 
which extend extensive plains. 

The volcano of Quezaltepeque, known also as the volcano of 
San Salvador, is extinct. It is 7,370 feet in height above the sea 
level ; the upper part forms a cone occupied by a crater between 7 
and 8 miles in circumference and 1,100 feet deep, at the bottom 
of tvhich is a small lake. The western part of the department is 
known as the Balsam Coast. The department was created in 
February, 1865, from a part of the territory of the ancient depart- 
ment of San Salvador. The valleys and plains are very fertile, 
producing rich harvests of coffee, sugar, indigo, rice, timber, and 
corn; also the balsam, a product which is peculiar to Salvador. It 
has within its boundaries several large sugar refineries and distil- 
leries, also many sawmills and mills for cleaning coffee. Its com- 
merce is considerable through its port of La Libertad, which is 
one of the most important in the Republic, especially during the 
coffee season. 

The capital city, Santa Tecla, or New San Salvador, is pleas- 
antly situated in a picturesque valley at the foot of the volcano of 
San Salvador, at an elevation of 2,643 ^^^^ above the sea level, 
and 10 miles to the southeast of the capital of the Republic and 
20 miles from the port of La Libertad. This city was founded 
by a decree dated 8th of August, 1854, for the purpose of remov- 
ing to it the capital of the Republic, the city of San Salvador 
having been ruined by an earthquake in that year; hence the 
name of New San Salvador. The old capital was, however, 
rebuilt, and the change in the seat of government was not made. 
Its streets are wide and well laid out, and it has many handsome 
private residences, a large and handsome park, and several fine 



H 



SALVADOR. 



drives in the pleasant suburbs. Its principal public buildings are 
the hospital, town hall, Government offices, and two handsome 
churches. It h.as about 1 1,000 inhabitants, and is connected by a 
horse railroad with the city of San Salvador. 

Department of Sonsonate. 

Cities. — Sonsonate and Izalco. 

T^owns. — Nahu izalco, El Progreso, and Armenia. 

The department of Sonsonate is bounded on the north by the 
department of Santa Ana, on the east by that of La Libertad, on 
the south by the Pacific Ocean, and on the west by the depart- 
ment of Ahuachapan. The northern part' of its surface is very 
mountainous and relatively level on the south on the coast, from 
whence the land rises in great undulating terraces, which attain 
their greatest elevation in the mountain ranges. 

In this department is situated the volcano ot Izalco, which is 
the most active in Central America, and is of comparatively recent 
formation. Previous to February, 1770, it had no existence, but 
in that month a series of earthquakes took place, followed by a 
tremendous volcanic eruption. A large crater was formed, from 
which issued torrents of lava, rocks, and ashes in vast quantities, 
resulting in the formation of a cone, which is now 4,973 feet in 
height. It is still quite active, and from the light it gives, being 
visible at sea, it is known by sailors as the Salvadorean light-house. 
There are three other volcanoes in this department, but they are 
all extinct. 

The seacoast is generally low and marshy, with groves of man- 
groves growing down into the sea. This is also known as the 
Balsam Coast, from the large number of trees existing from which 
this article is obtained. Its principal port is Acajutla, which has 
a good iron pier, erected in 1870, and is connected by railroad 
with the city of Sonsonate. This department was created by 
decree in February, 1855. Its principal agricultural productions 



SALVADOR. 



15 



are coffee, sugar, cocoanuts, cacao, balsam, tobacco, cereals of various 
kinds, fruit, and a great variety of cabinet and other woods. It 
enjoys a large commerce, both export and import, and its manu- 
factures are active, having many establishments for the manufacture 
of sugar, cigars, cotton cloth, pottery, mats and baskets, and several 
distilleries and salt works. The capital city, Sonsonate, is situated 
on the bank of the river Sensunapan, about 50 miles west of the 
capital of the Republic. Its streets are wide, rectilinear, and 
paved. It has a handsome city hall, a hospital, several churches, 
and a commodious railroad station; its dwellings are well built, 
and it is surrounded by pleasant suburbs. It has a population 
of about 1 1,000 inhabitants. 

Department of Ahuachapan-. 

Qties. — Ahuachapan and Antiquizaya. ' 

The department of Ahuachapan is bounded on the north and 
west by the Republic of Guatemala, on the south by the Pacific 
Ocean, and on the east by the departments of Santa Ana and 
Sonsonate. The northern part of its surface is very rugged and 
its center mountainous, but it has level plains north of the Coast 
Range of mountains, which cross it from east to west. There are 
several volcanoes in this department and it is celebrated for its 
hot springs and sulphur baths. It was created in February, 1869, 
by the separation of a part of territory of the departments of Santa 
Ana and Sonsonate. The beautiful valley of Chalchuapa, which 
lies to the north of. the Coast Range, is famous for its great fertility. 

Agriculture is in a very satisfactory condition in this department, 
and large crops are produced of coffee, sugar, tobacco, cotton, 
cereals, and fine fruits and vegetables. It also enjoys a large 
commerce, exporting coffee and sugar through the port of Acajutla 
and sending large quantities of sugar and cereals to other parts 
of the Republic. It imports considerable quantities of foreign 
merchandise by sea, woolen goods and mercury from Guatemala, 
and cattle and mules from Honduras. 



1 6 SALVADOR. 

The city of Ahuachapan, its capital, is situated in a picturesque 
valley at the fbot of the volcano of La Lagunita, on the right 
bank of the river Ahuachapan, at an elevation of 2,609 feet above 
the sea level, and 72 miles to the west of the capital of the Re- 
public. Its streets are straight and the larger number of them are 
paved, that called the Riego being the handsomest in the city. 
Among its public buildings are the city hall, Government offices, 
hospital, a large church, several schoolhouses, and several fine bath 
houses. It has about 12,000 inhabitants. 

Department of Santa Ana. 

Cities. — Santa Ana, Chalchuapa, and Metapan. 

l!owns. — Texistepeque and Coatepeque. 

The department of Santa Ana is bounded on the north by the 
Republics of Guatemala and Honduras, on the east by the depart- 
ments of Chalatenango and La Libertad, on the south by that of 
Sonsonate, and on the west by Guatemala and the department 
of Ahuachapan. 

This department has two extensive mountain ranges, one in 
the north and the other crossing its central portion from east to 
west. There are two volcanoes, Santa Ana and Mala Cara, the 
first named the most active. There are also three extinct vol- 
canoes, Masatepeque, San Diego, and La Isla. The greater part of 
the department consists of two extensive and picturesque valleys ; 
the northern valley watered by the river Lempa and its affluents 
and the southern by the Chalchuapa and the Suquiapa. 

The department was created in February, 1855. Before 1821 
it formed part of the ancient Province of Sonsonate. Until 1869 
it comprised the districts of Ahuachapan and Antiquizaya, which 
in that year were separated from it to form^ the present depart-* 
ment of Ahuachapan. 

It is a rich agricultural country, producing a large amount of 
coffee, as well as sugar, indigo, tobacco, and various kinds of grain. 



/ 

SALVADOR. ly 



• 



It has a very active commerce, exporting large qyantities of coffee 
and importing European and American manufactures. It has 
also manufactories for the production of starch from the yucca 
plant, confectionery, cigars, and potteries, sugar works, and distill- 
eries. Altogether, it is one of the most prosperous parts of the 
Republic. 

Its principal city, Santa Ana, is situated in a beautiful valley, 
surrounded by hills, on the left bank of a small stream, at an 
elevation of 2,093 ^^^^ above the level of the sea, and 50 miles 
northeast of the capital of the Republic. It is a handsome city, 
with wide and well-paved streets. It is well supplied with water 
and has pleasant drives and good public baths. Among its public 
edifices are the municipal building, hospital, military barracks and 
headquarters, a public market, and several handsome churches. 
It is the largest city in the Republic, having a population of 
33,000. 

Department of Chalatenango. 

City. — Chalatenango. 

liowns. — Tejutla, San Ignacio, San Francisco, Morazan, San 
Rafael, and Citala, 

The department of Chalatenango is bounded on the north by 
the Republic of Honduras, on the east by the same Republic and 
the department of Cabaiias, on the south by the departments of 
Cabanas, Cuscatlan, San Salvador, and La Libertad, and on the 
west by that of Santa Ana. Its surface is very varied and, with 
the exception of the valleys of the river Lempa and its tributary 
streams, very mountainous, especially in the north and northeastern 
part of its territory. At least two-thirds of it are occupied with 
lofty ranges and the spurs running from them. 

The principal agricultural products are indigo, corn, wheat, rice, 
and beans. There are several distilleries and manufactories of 
starch, turpentine, cheese, earthenware, and candles of vegetable 
Bull. 58 2 



l8 SALVADOR. 

wax, a substance .which is obtained by boiling the fruit of a shrub 
which grows wild. The larger part of the commerce of this 
department is transacted at the annual fair ot Chalatenango, 
which is famous throughout Central America. It is attended by 
merchants from all parts of this and the adjoining republics, and 
extensive transactions take place in indigo, cattle, and native and 
foreign manufactures. 

The chief city, Chalatenango, is situated to the southeast of the 
mountain of La Pena, on the rivers Tamulasca and Colco, at an 
elevation of i ,660 feet above the sea level, and 45 miles northeast 
of the capital of the Republic. It was originally a native town, 
and the first white people among its inhabitants were sent there 
by the Spanish governor of the territory in 1791- The principal 
occupations of its citizens are agriculture and cattle dealing. It 
has a population of 6,000. 

Department of Cuscatlan. 

Cities. — Cojutepeque and Suchitoto. 

T'oivns. — San Pedro Perulapan, Tenancingo, San Rafael, and 
Guyabal. 

The department of Cuscatlan is bounded on the north by the 
departments of Chalatenango and Cabafias, on the east by the 
same and that of San Vincente, on the south by those of San 
Vincente and La Paz, and on the west by that of San Salvador. 
Its surface is very mountainous and broken, the greater part of 
its territory being covered by lofty ranges, separated by narrow 
valleys. Towards the north and northeast it is comparatively 
level in the valleys traversed by the rivers Lempa and Cuezalapa. 
It was created in May, 1835. It then comprised the territory 
which now forms the department of Chalatenango, which was 
separated from it in 1855. In 1875 it also contributed a portion 
of its territory towards the formation of the department of Cabanas. 
It has two extinct volcanoes, Cojutepeque and Guazapa. It is 



SALVADOR. 



almost entirely an agricultural district, produci^ig coffee, sugar, 
indigo, rice, tobacco, cheese, starch, and cereals. Its principal 
commerce is transacted at the feast of St. John, in Cojutepeque, 
on the 29th of August, and that of the Concepcion, held at Suchi- 
toto on the 8th of December in each year. At these times there 
is a gathering of merchants and dealers from all parts of the 
country, and extensive transactions are made in cattle, cheese, 
indigo, and other native products, and in foreign merchandise. 

Cojutepeque, the principal city, is situated nearly at the summit 
and to the north of the peak of the volcano of Cojutepeque, at an 
elevation of 2,614 ^^^^ above the sea level. It is a very old town, 
having been classed as a town in 1756 and as a city in 1846. Its 
streets are narrow and crooked, but its suburbs are beautiful and 
from the elevated location command fine panoramas of the sur- 
rounding country. Among its public buildings are a town hall, 
hospital, public schoolhouse, and four churches. It has also good 
public baths. It has a population of 8,000, most of whom are 
employed in agricultural pursuits. 

Department of Cabanas. 

Cities. — Sensuntepeque and Ilobasco. 

'^aivns. — Victoria, Dolores, San Isidro, Jutiapa, and Tejutepeque. 

The department of Cabanas is bounded on the north and north- 
east by the Republic of Honduras, on the east by the department 
of San Miguel, on the south by those of San Vincente and Cus- 
catlan, and on the west by that of Cuscatlan. This is essentially 
a mountain district. It is crossed in various directions by high 
ranges and chains of mountains, which give it a wild and desolate 
appearance, particularly toward the north and east. It has, however, 
some very fertile valleys, which produce indigo, rice, corn, and other 
grains. Its principal industrial establishments are for the manu- 
facture of earthenware, cheese, lime, and several distilleries. It has 
considerable commerce, which reaches great proportions at the fair 



20 SALVADOR. 

of Santa Barbara, which is held at Sensuntepeque on the 4th of 
December of each year. 

Its chief city, Sensuntepeque, is situated on the southern slope 
of the mountain of Pel on, at an elevation of 2,316 feet above the 
se'a and 57 miles east-northeast from the capital of the Republic. 
It is a very picturesque city, has a handsome park, fine public 
baths, and enjoys a beautiful climate. Among its public buildings 
are a fine town hall, two churches, several school buildings, and 
a prison which is considered the most secure in the Republic. It 
has a population of 10,000. The principal industry is the growth 
and preparation of indigo. 

Department of San Vincente. 

City. — San Vincente. 

T'o'wns. — Apastepeque, Tecoluca, Guadalupe, Verapaz, Tepeti- 
tan, San Sebastian, Santo Domingo, San Esteban, San Lorenzo, 
and Santa Clara. 

The department of San Vincente is bounded on the north by 
the department of Cabanas, on the east by those of San Miguel 
and Usulutan, on the south by the Pacific Ocean, and on the west 
by the departments of La Paz and Cuscatlan. It is mountainous 
in the north and central portions, but level in the south toward 
the ocean. It has two extinct volcanoes, Chicontepec and Sigua- 
tepeque — the former is the highest volcanic mountain in the 
Republic, its summit being 8,661 feet above the sea level. It is 
notable for several geysers that exist on the northeastern slope of 
the mountain, which emit great volumes of steam, accompanied 
with great noise that can be heard at a distance of more than 2 
miles. There are also a number of hot springs in various parts of 
the department. It was created a departmental division of the 
Republic in 1836, embracing the territory which, under the same 
name, formed one of the territorial divisions of the country under 
Spanish rule, and the eastern portion of the department of Cabanas. 



SALVADOR. 2 1 

The principal agricultural products are indigo, sugar, coffee, 
tobacco, timber, cereals of all kinds, and fine fruits. It has manu- 
factories of silk shawls, shoes, hats, salt, starch, and cigars, and 
several distilleries. It has considerable commerce, principally 
transacted during the fair of All Saints, which is held annually on 
the 1st of November, when large quantities of merchandise are 
bought and sold, consisting principally of indigo, cheese, cattle, 
grain, and foreign goods. 

The chief city, San Vincente, is situated on the right bank of 
the river Acahuapa, at an elevation of 1,683 ^^^^ above the level 
of the sea and 45 miles to the eastward of the capital of the 
Republic. It is a very ancient city, having been founded in 1634. 
It was ranked as a town in 1658 and classed as a city in 1812. 
It was the capital of the country from 1834 until 1839. Its streets 
are generally straight and well paved; its suburbs are pleasant and 
well supplied with shrubbery and trees ; it has also many good 
public baths. Among its public buildings are a handsome town 
hall, a hospital, five churches, and twelve public schools. It has 
11,000 inhabitants. 

Department of La Paz. 

City. — rZacatecoluca. 

T^owns. — Santiago Nonualco, San Pedro Nonualco, Olocuilta, 
and San Pedro Mazahuat. 

The department of La Paz is bounded on the north by the 
departments of Cuscatlan and San Vincente, on the east by the last 
named, on the south by the Pacific Ocean, and on the west by the 
departments of San Salvador and La Libertad. The northern part 
of its territory is mountainous, being crossed from east to west by 
the Coast Range, from the summits of which the surface descends 
gradually, forming great terraces, until within about 9 miles from 
the sea it becomes flat and forms a plain which is generally inun- 
dated in the rainy season, and is covered by dense forests abound- 



22 SALVADOR. 

ing in India rubber, dye, and cabinet woods, and other useful 
timber. The flooding of these lowlands in the wet season and 
the evaporation during the hot weather of the dry season render 
this region unhealthy for several months in the year, giving rise to 
malarial fevers. 

The principal agricultural products of this department are 
coffee, sugar, indigo, tobacco, cereals, and fruit. It has few man- 
ufactories, its industrial products being confined to cotton cloth, 
palm-leaf hats, and mats. The manufacture of salt in the low- 
lands subject to overflow by the sea, is the most active industry of 
this region. Its commerce is not large, and consists principally 
of transactions in salt, grain, coffee, and foreign merchandise. 

Zacatecoluca, the chief city, is on the right bank of the river 
Sapuyo, at an elevation of 410 feet above the sea, and 30 miles 
to the southeast of the capital of the Republic. It is an old 
place, and was raised to the rank of a town in 1825 and to a city 
in 1838. Its principal public buildings are a town hall, hospital, 
church, and several schoolhouses. In the plaza is a beautiful public 
fountain; it has also good public baths and a handsome park. Its 
population is 6,500, who are principally employed in the cultiva- 
tion of coffee and in the salt industry. 

Department of Usulutan. 

Cities. — Usulutan, Jucuapa, and Alegria. 

T'owns. — Santa Elena and Jiquilisco. 

The department of Usulutan is bounded on the north and east 
by the department of San Miguel, on the south by the Pacific 
Ocean, and on the west by the department of San Vincente. 

The central part of this department is mountainous, being 
crossed by a lofty range, north of which the country is relatively 
level, but somewhat broken. In the south it is low, and toward 
the coast even swampy during the rainy season. It has within its 
territory three extinct volcanoes, Usulutan, Jucuapa, and Tabu- 



SALVADOR. 



23 



reto. The two last named have small lakes of sulphurous water 
in their ancient craters. In a dry ravine, extending from the 
southeast of the village of Tecapa toward the river Lempa, are a 
number of geysers which emit columns of sulphurous vapors and 
dense smoke. The largest of these is called El Tronador (The 
Thunderer), which has formed a small crater, from which is thrown 
out a heavy column of steam, saturated with sulphureted hydro- 
gen and other gases, with a noise which can be heard for a great 
distance, from which it derives its name. 

This department was created in 1865, having been segregated 
from the territory of that of San Miguel. Its principal agricul- 
tural products are rice, tobacco, indigo, cotfee, coarse brown sugar, 
timber, and a great variety of fruits. The principal industrial 
products are salt, starch from the yucca, lime, and cheese of good 
quality. There are also several distilleries. Its principal com- 
merce is in salt, with which it supplies the various northern 
departments. 

Usulutan, the chief city, is situated on the right bank of a 
stream called Juano, at an elevation of 420 feet above the sea 
level, and 95 miles southeast from the capital of the Republic. 
It is a pleasant and picturesque town. In the latter part of the 
seventeenth century it was the residence of the authorities of the 
ancient Province of San Miguel. It was classed as a town in 
1827, and in i860 it was raised to the rank of a city. Among 
its principal public edifices are a town hall, a schoolhouse, and a 
building occupied by an institute of higher education, a large 
church, and a prison. It has a population of 6,000, who are 
principally employed in agriculture and the manufacture of salt. 

Department of San Miguel. 

Cities. — San Miguel and Chinameca. 

Towns. — Uluazapa, Moncagua, Chapeltique, Cacaguatlque, and 
Sesori. 



24 SALVADOR. 

The department of San Miguel is bounded on the north by 
the Republic of Honduras and the department of Morazan, on 
the east by the latter department and that of La Union, on the 
south by the Pacific Ocean, and on the west by the departments 
of Usulutan and Cabanas. The greater part of its surface is 
mountainous, although it has a portion comparatively level to the 
north of the boundary of Usulutan and in the neighborhood of 
the Rio Grande. Its seashores differ from those of the other mari- 
time departments, as they are rocky and inaccessible and traversed 
by mountainous spurs and ridges. There are in this department 
two inactive volcanoes, San Miguel and Chinameca. Although 
neither of these have been recently in eruption, the former gives 
evidence, by frequent emissions of smoke and steam, that it may 
at any day resume its activity. There are a number of valleys 
among the mountains which are famed for their fertility; also a 
number of hot and medicinal springs. 

The principal agricultural products are indigo, sugar, coffee, 
timber for building, and cabinet woods, grain, and a variety of 
fruits, x^mong its manufactures are saddlery, shoes, articles of 
tortoise shell, pickles, lime, cheese, and rum. It has considerable 
commerce, a large amount of which is transacted at the fair of La 
Paz, which is held annually on the 2ist of November in the city 
of San Miguel, which is largely attended by merchants of the 
various Central and South American countries. The principal 
commodities dealt in are indigo, cattle, cheese, and a great variety 
of foreign merchandise. 

The principal city, San Miguel, is situated northeastward from 
the volcano of San Miguel and about three-quarters of a mile 
from the right bank of the Rio Grande, at an elevation of 360 
feet above the sea level, and 107 miles east of the capital of the 
Republic. It is an important and handsome city, with broad, 
straight, and well-paved streets, and well-built and fine houses. 
It does not, however, bear a good reputation from a sanitary point 



SALVADOR. 



25 



of view, as it suffers from malarial exhalations arising from 
the marshes which exist to the southeast of the city. In its 
neighborhood are the remains of an ancient aboriginal city, the 
foundations of which can be traced over a large area. San Miguel 
was founded by the Spaniards in 1530, and was ranked as a city 
in 1586. Among its important public edifices are a fine municipal 
building, the law courts, hospital, market. Government revenue 
offices and post-office, and several handsome churches. It has 
23,000 inhabitants, who are principally occupied in the cultivation 
of indigo and cereals, the breeding of cattle and hogs, and in 
foreign commerce. 

Department of Morazan. 

City. — Gotera. 

T(?'(x;/zj'.^Sociedad, San Carlos, Jocoro, Osicala, and El Rosario. 

The department of Morazan is bounded on the north by the 
Republic of Honduras, on the east by the Department of La 
Union, on the south by La Union and San Miguel, and on the 
west by the latter. The surface of this department is moun- 
tainous in the northern part, where it is crossed from east to west 
by a chain of mountains. In the south and toward the Hondu- 
ranean frontier it is level, forming the plains occupied by the trib- 
utaries of the river Tocola and the Rio Grande. There are also 
many fertile valleys among the mountains. This department was 
created in 1875, from territory formerly belonging to San Miguel. 
Until 1887 ^^ ^^^ known by the name of Gotera, but in that year 
the name was changed to Morazan by decree of Congress, in memory 
of the last President of the Central American Federation. It has 
within its territory some rich mineral districts, in which there are 
many silver mines in active operation. 

The principal agricultural products are indigo, sugar, rice, corn, 
and a great variety of fruits. Among its industries are the manu- 
facture of cordage, mats, hats, lime, and earthenware of good 



26 SALVADOR. 

quality. It enjoys an active commerce, which is largely due to 
the number of mining establishments. 

The principal city, Gotera, is situated on the left bank ot the 
Rio Grande, at an elevation of 2,1 19 feet above the sea level, and 
137 miles east of the capital of the Republic. It is a small place, 
but of very picturesque appearance. Its principal public buildings 
are the town hall and Government building. It has a population 
of 3,000, who are principally employed in silver mining and agri- 
culture. 

Department of La Union. 

Cities. — La Union, San Alejo, Santa Rosa. 

'T'ozvns. — Pasaquina, Sauce, Anamoros, Nueva Esparta, Concep- 
cion de Oriente. 

The department of La Union is bounded on the north by the 
Republic of Honduras, on the east by that Republic and the Bay 
of Fonseca, on the south by the Pacific Ocean, and on the west by 
the departments of San Miguel and Morazan. The western part 
of its territory is mountainous; the northern portion, although 
rugged, has many extensive plains and valleys noted for their fer- 
tility. The coast is low and swampy in the rainy season from the 
Honduras boundary, at the mouth of the Guascoran River, to the 
port of La Union; the remainder of its coast line, although some- 
what low, is dry and in places rugged. On the peninsula which 
separates the Bay of Fonseca from the Pacific Ocean is the great 
volcano of Conchagua, rising to a height of 7,000 feet above the 
sea level, and about 20 miles in circumference at its base. It was 
in eruption in February, 1868, but since that time it has been 
dormant. 

This department was created in 1865 by separation from the 
territory of the department of San Miguel. It is a rich mineral 
region and has a large number of mines in active operation. Agri- 
culture is also prosperous, and large quantities of indigo, corn, rice. 



SALVADOR. 27 

and a variety of fruits are produced; also timber and dyewoods. 
Among its industrial products are lime, palm-leaf hats and mats, 
soap, articles of tortoise shell, cheese, hides, candles, dried fish, and 
oysters. Through the port of La Union there is an active busi- 
ness both in exports and imports, and commerce is active through- 
out the department. 

The principal city, La Union, is also one of the chief ports of 
the Republic. It is situated on the shore of the Bay of Fonseca, 
1/]/] miles east-southeast from the capital of the Republic. It is 
not a large town, but it is well built and enjoys a large commerce. 
Its principal public buildings are a good town hall, a modern 
church, custom-house and warehouses, and several schoolhouses. 
It has a population of 3,000, who are chiefly occupied in com- 
merce and agriculture. 



Chapter IV. 



CONSTITUTION AND FORM OF GOVERNMENT. 

Salvador is a free, sovereign, and independent Republic, and 
its government is democratic, alternative, and representative. It 
delegates its sovereign powers to the authorities established by the 
Constitution promulgated on the 13th of August, 1886, namely: 
The legislative, executive, and judicial. The legislative is exer- 
cised by a Congress of Deputies elected by the people, three from 
each department, which meets in ordinary session every year and 
in extra session whenever the Executive, in council with his min- 
isters, may deem it necessary. The executive power is exercised 
bv a citizen who bears the title of President of the Republic, with 
the ministers at the head of the respective departments, four in 
number, and are designated as follows : Minister of Foreign Affairs, 
Justice, and Religion; Minister of the Treasury, Public Credit, 
War, and Marine; Minister of the Interior and Government; 
Minister of Public Works, Instruction, and Charities. 

The President is elected by direct vote of the people for a 
term of four years. He is also commander in chief of the army. 
In case of a failure to elect, he is chosen by a majority of votes in 
the Congress from the three candidates having the largest number 
of votes in the popular election. He is not eligible to re-election 
either as President or Vice-President until after the lapse of four 
years. He is inaugurated on the 1st of March following his 
election. 

The judicial power is exercised by a supreme court, which 

28 



SALVADOR. 29 

holds its sittings in the city of San Salvador. Two district courts 
are also held in that city and district courts in the cities of Santa 
Ana, San Miguel, and Cojutepeque. There are also several cir- 
cuit judges and justices of the peace in their respective districts. 

The government of each department is in charge of a governor, 
who is also commandant of the military in his section, and is 
appointed by the Executive. The different municipalities are 
governed by their own officers elected directly by the people. 
These consist of an alcalde, a syndic, and two or more regidores 
or aldermen, according to the population. 

As the Constitution is a voluminous document, containing many 
items of interest, a full translation of it is given in the Appendix ; 
also of a law passed in September, 1886, amplifying and explain- 
ing the constitutional provisions relating to foreigners. 



Chapter V. 



' EDUCATION, CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS, AND RELIGION. 

For some years past the Government of Salvador has made 
great efforts to improve and develop the educational facilities of 
the country. In his message to Congress, delivered February 2o, 
1893, President Ezeta said: 

Profoundly convinced of the beneficial influence which education and instruc- 
tion exercises on all social classes, I have continued during the past year to 
extend to this important branch the most decided protection. 

The large number of educational establishments sustained in greater part by 
the State has rendered necessary the investment of large sums in the salaries of 
professors and in the purchase of supplies and text-books. Knowing the diffi- 
culties under which authors labor in a young country like ours, I have ordered 
the printing at the public expense of various important works produced by some 
of the best talent of the country. Some of them unite intrinsic merit with 
fitness for use as text-books in our educational establishments. 

Education in Salvador is divided into three classes, primary, 
secondary, and superior or professional. According to the pro- 
visions of the Constitution primary education is nonclerical, gra- 
tuitous, and obligatory. Secondary comprises preparatory studies 
for a university course and education for commercial life, land 
surveying, and for teachers. 

Professional education in the National University comprises 
law, medicine and surgery, civil engineering, and pharmacy. At 
the date of the last report, in 1893, there existed in the Republic 
585 primary schools, including those for boys and girls. The 
average daily attendance of pupils amounted to 29,427. There 
is also in the city of San Salvador a kindergarten, sustained by 
private means, which was founded by Senorita Augustina Charvin. 
30 



SALVADOR. 31 

For secondary education there are three official institutes sup- 
ported by the Government, the Western, the Central, and the 
Eastern. The Central, which is located at the capital, has a 
museum, a cabinet of physical science, and a meteorological 
observatory. In the capital the Government also sustains a ladies' 
normal college, the polytechnic school, and a normal school for 
young men. 

There are also in different parts of the country the following 
private colleges for secondary education : At the capital, the Sal- 
vadorean Lyceum, with 125 pupils; Santa Teresa College for girls, 
and a theological seminary. At New San Salvador there are two 
colleges for males, San Luis and The Sacred Heart, and one for 
girls, called Santa Teresa. At Lacatecoluca, capital of the depart- 
ment of La Paz, there is one; another in San Vincente; one in 
Sonsonate; one in Usulutan, called the National Institute, and 
one called La Concordia in Ahuachapan. 

Higher or professional education is regulated by a law passed 
February 15, 1886. The government of the university is exer- 
cised by a board called "Superior Council of Public Instruction." 
The rector of the university is the chief of the establishment. 
The faculties are pharmacy and natural science, medicine and 
surgery, jurisprudence, and civil engineering. The curriculum 
necessary for graduation is, in pharmacy and natural science, three 
years; medicine and surgery, six years; jurisprudence, seven years; 
topographical engineering, three years; and in the departments of 
architecture, mechanical engineering, and bridges and roads, four 
years. There is a good public library and free reading room, which 
occupies commodious apartments in the building of the National 
University. " 

There has lately been established at the capital a national college 
for the higher education of women. 

The amount appropriated by the Government for public educa- 
tion during the year 1892 was $308,382.50. 



32 SALVADOR. 

BENEVOLENT INSTITUTIONS. 

The charitable and benevolent institutions of Salvador are under 
the direct charge of the Government, and are controlled and regu- 
lated by the Minister of Education, Public Works and Benevo- 
lence. 

Standing in the front rank among these institutions are the 
hospitals, which are established in the cities of San Salvador, Santa 
Ana, Sonsonate, Ahuachapan, Nueva San Salvador, Zacatecoluca, 
San Vincente, San Miguel, Alegria, Chalatenango, and La Union, 
which are all well organized and equipped. The hospital in the 
city of San Salvador in particular is an honor to the country and 
the Government as an admirably equipped institution with an 
excellent medical staff and the nursing and household arrange 
ments in charge of the Sisters of Charity. During the year 1892 
3,196 patients were treated, of whom 2,791 were discharged cured, 
201 died, and 224 remained under treatment at the end of the 
year; the expenses amounted to $80,101.72. During the year 
1891, 7,560 patients were cared for in all the hospitals of the 
Republic, of whom 598 died, or about 8 per cent. The total 
expenses amounted to $156,054.05. ' 

A new and magnificent hospital building is being erected in 
the city of San Salvador which will bear the name of the Rosales 
Hospital, in memory of the late Don Jose Rosales, who bequeathed 
the munificent sum of between three and four millions of pesos 
(dollars) for this purpose. Iron is the principal material used in 
its construction which is manufactured in Belgium. 

There is in the city of San Salvador an excellent asylum and 
school for orphans of bo^h sexes, where they not only receive a 
good primary education, but the boys are taught carpentry, shoe- 
making, and other trades, and the girls the occupations adapted to 
their sex; there are also classes in music and electric telegraphy. 
The institution is admirably managed by the Sisters of Charity. 



SALVADOR. 



33 



There is also in the city an asylum for the aged poor, which is 
supported by the Government. An asylum for orphans has also 
recently been established in the city of Sonsonate. 

The latest report states that the amount expended by the Gov- 
ernment for the support of benevolent inbtitutions during the year, 
in addition to sums contributed by charitable individuals, was 
$190,000. 

RELIGION. 

As a natural consequence ot its long ascendency during the 
Spanish rule, the prevailing religion in Salvador is the Roman 
Catholic, and previous to the liberal revolution in 1871 no other 
was tolerated. The consequence of that movement was the proc- 
lamation of religious freedom, the removal of the cemeteries from 
clerical government, legalizing civil marriage, making education 
nonclerical, and the abolition of monastic institutions. All these 
changes are embodied in the Constitution promulgated on the 13th 
of August, 1886, and under which the country is now governed, 
which guaranties the free exercise of all religions without other 
limitation than the preservation of morality and public order. 
The diocese of San Salvador was created in the year 1842; the 
fourth bishop, who is now in charge, is Dr. Don Adolfo Perez y 
Aguilar. 

Bull. 58 3 



Chapter VI. 



CLIMATE AND SEASONS. 

The lowlands of Salvador are generally hot, as must be expected 
in a tropical country, but the high' table-lands and mountain slopes 
of the interior are comparatively temperate and cool and enjoy a 
delightful and healthy climate. There are only two seasons, the 
wet, called by the natives winter, and the dry, called summer; the 
former commences in May and continues until October, and the 
dry season from November until April. The heaviest rains occur 
in July and August, in which months strong winds precede the 
rain, which finally falls in torrents, frequently accompanied by 
heavy thunder and continued electrical discharges. During the 
rainy season there are two short interval^ when no rain falls and ' 
the skies are bright and serene. These are called the Canicula 
(ddg days) and the short summer of St. John. September and 
October are the two most unpleasant months; while the rain 
does not fall in torrent-like thunder showers, it is more continuous. 
During this time the lowlands near the coast and river bottoms 
are flooded, the roads become impassable, the diligence and carry- 
ing lines suspend their traffic, and internal mail routes are delayed 
and interrupted. 

The climate of Salvador is healthy, except that in the low coast 
lands at certain seasons malarial fevers prevail, but no other part 
of the Republic is subject to endemic diseases. Although exact 
mortuary statistics are difficult to be obtained, the annual death rate 
for the whole country is estimated at about lo in the i,oop. 

34 



SALVADOR. 



35 



Dr. David J. Guzman, in a .work on the physical aspects of 
Salvador, gives some valuable hints to immigrants and unacclima- 
tized persons visiting the country, of which the following is a 
translation : 

When the European lands on our shores he soon feels the moist heat which 
prevails, particularly in the wet season. His strength begins gradually to fail, 
and his appetite, which in his native country (particularly if he is from the 
north) was vigorous, soon languishes ; his habitual energy declines. He then 
begins to realize the influence which the new climate exercises on his animal 
economy and the- necessity of moderating the hard work to which he may have 
been accustomed in his own country, but which here would occasion serious 
damage to the health of an immigrant. He will observe that the native, not- 
withstanding that he is acclimatized, knows how to resist the heat and escape 
fatigue by moderating his work and performing it in the cool hours of the morn- 
ing and evening. 

He should avoid the immoderate use of fruits which, although to him new 
and delicious, will disarrange the gastro-intestinal functions and produce grave 
disorders in them. A necessary precaution for the immigrant to take is to pro- 
vide against sudden changes of temperature. Frequently, before a rainfall, an 
oppressive moist heat is felt, causing a profuse perspiration. While in this con- 
dition a fresh breeze frequently springs up which, unless precaution is taken 
against a sudden chill, may (jccasion grave disorders of the organs of respiration 
and digestion, producing dysentery and inflammatory affections of the chest, 
especially if the immigrant is stout and full-blooded. Light flannel clothing 
constantly worn will provide against chills. Although at first they may appear 
to be uncomfortably warm, use will soon make them preferable to cotton and 
linen, which have the disadvantage of cooling the wearer too quickly, thus pro- 
ducing conditions deleterious to health. 

The skin should be kept in good condition, as perspiration, which is active in 
hot climates, should be unobstructed. For this purpose sea or river baths, com- 
bining exercise with cleanliness, are very salutary. Care should be taken to 
avoid sleeping in low and damp places. The air, laden with miasma, arising 
from decomposing vegetable and animal matter, occupies by its specific gravity 
the lower strata of the atmosphere. It is from this cause that houses in low and 
damp locations are attacked by fevers of all kinds and types, which at times 
occasion ravages among newly arrived people. If situated in the country, houses 
should be located on the high grounds and as far distant as possible from swamps 
and marshes. Clothing should be loose, so as to admit free circulation of air 



36 



SALVADOR. 



and perspiration and unincumbered movement, and should not be dark in color, 
as dark colors absorb the heat and light ones best resist the solar radiation. 

In hot climates like ours digestion is weak and slow. Animal foods, and fats 
in particular, which are heat-producing, are injurious to the inhabitants, as much 
from the difficulty of their digestion as from the additional labor imposed on 
the liver, which has to secrete a greater quantity of bile to dissolve the excess 
of fatty matter introduced. This extra work will in time produce the various 
forms of inflammation to which this organ is liable in tropical countries. 

The food of the colonist in Salvador should be a properly proportioned 
mixture of animal and vegetable substances, without an excess of spices and 
condiments, which are generally used in our national food for the purpose of 
stimulating the appetite, rendered sluggish by the prevalence of great heat, par- 
ticularly on the coast. It may be found useful to use with the meals good wines 
diluted with alkaline mineral waters, such as vichy, etc. All spirituous drinks 
should be used very moderately, and only immediately before or with meals. 
Persons who use spirituous liquors to excess, particularly foreigners who are of 
a sanguine constitution or temperament, will quickly suffer from their destructive 
effects, as they cause acute congestion of the liver and the gastro-intestinal 
organs, producing in the former active inflammations and in the latter diarrhea 
and dysentery more or less severe. 

These causes, and the heat and humidity which prevail in some localities, will, 
unless proper precaution is used, reduce the newly arrived stranger to a condi- 
tion of weakness injurious both to mind and body. 

It may also be logically inferred that the colonist, on arrival in a tropical 
country such as ours, ought* not to radically change the habits acquired at home. 
It will be sufficient to introduce some slight modifications which will not vio- 
lently and suddenly change his former methods of life. 

The above-named precautions are only such as should be taken 
by all natives of northern regions visiting for the first time a trop- 
ical country. In the majority of cases where foreigners suffer from 
the change of climate the cause can be traced to their own impru- 
dence and careless habits of life. With only ordinary attention 
to hygienic laws, and particularly to temperance in eating and 
drinking, there is no reason why any person of good constitution 
should not enjoy as good health in Salvador as in any other part 
of the world. 

The Government has of late years bestowed most praiseworthy 



SALVADOR. 07 

attention to the preservation of the public health. Preventive 
measures are employed against the spread of infectious diseases, 
and vaccination has been made obligatory. In the city of San 
Salvador especially, the health officer has shown great vigilance 
and skill in these directions, and has subjected provisions of all 
kinds to the strictest supervision. These, with the construction 
of sewers and other sanitary arrangements, are contributing largely 
to the healthy condition of the city. 



Chapter VII. 



AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY. 

Agriculture has always been the principal industry of Salvador. 
It has, within the past {gw years particularly, attained considerable 
development and has given evidence of progress and some improve- 
ment on the primitive methods which have been in use from remote 
ages, but there is still necessity for a wider diffusion of knowledge 
and the introduction of modern methods and improved machinery 
and implements. 

As a rule the agriculturists do not understand the use of fertil- 
izers, and they conduct all their operations in the most primitive 
,manner. When they have succeeded in exhausting the soil and 
they find their crops diminishing, they allow it to lie fallow and 
cultivate a new field. The implements in use are of the most 
antiquated patterns, and it is very difficult to introduce new ones 
or to induce the native 'farmers to adopt any novelties. 

The chief agricultural products are coffee, indigo, balsam, sugar, 
tobacco, India rubber, rice, cacao, cotton, cereals, and fruits. 

COFFEE. 

Coffee is produced in all parts of the Republic wherever the 
lands rise from 1,500 to 4,000 feet above the sea level. It is by 
far the most important product of the country, as it has for some 
years past formed more than one-half of the total amount of the 
exports. The best and most productive plantations are in the 
departments of Santa Ana, Sonsonate, Ahuachapan, La Libertad, 
and San Salvador. Cuscatlan, La Paz, and Usulutan are also 
38 



SALVADOR. 



39 



making considerable progress in this industry, as within the past 
few years many thousands of trees have been planted in those 
departments, which will soon enable them to export large quan- 
tities. 

In starting a coffee plantation it is usual to purchase the young 
trees about 2 years old from nurseries, as by this method two years' 
time is saved and the returns of profit on the in\^estment corre- 
spondingly quickened. The average price of the trees at that age 
is $10 to $20 per 1,000. 

The coffee tree is a tender shrub, and needs careful tending and 
protection from the sun from the time of planting and even for 
years after it has begun to produce crops. For this purpose bananas, 
plantains, or other quick-growing, wide-branching trees are planted 
between the rows. Careful weeding is also a necessity. It is gen- 
erally calculated that the trees will be sufficiently matured when 3 
years old to produce a fair crop, which will continue to increase 
until the seventh year, when it will have reached its maximum. 
It is calculated that the outlay for labor and expenses in produc- 
ing coffee to the grower is about 5 cents per pound. The retail 
price varies from 10 to 25 cents per pound. It is estimated that 
about one-half of the crop is consumed in the country and the 
remainder exported. 

The last crop was not as abundant as the preceding one, show- 
ing a decrease of nearly 18,000 bags, but it has brought higher 
prices, ordinary quality selling as high as $30 to $32 Salvador 
currency per quintal (1 01 j^ pounds). Some drawback, however, 
exists on this increased price in the imposition of a new tax of $2.25 
gold on all exported coffee in lieu of the former tax of $1 silver. 

INDIGO. 

The botanical name of the plant which produces the indigo of 
commerce is Indigofera Anil. The aboriginal name in Salvador 
is Jiquilite, and both the plant and its product are called Anil in 



40 



SALVADOR. 



Spanish. It has always been an important product in Salvador, 
being only second to coffee in the list of exports. It is grown 
principally on the high, rocky soils of the departments of Chala- 
tenango. Cabanas, and Morazan, and to some extent in those of Santa 
Ana, San Vincente, and San Miguel. 

The methods followed in the preparation of the soil and culti- 
vation of the plant are very different from the careful attention 
bestowed on these points in the indigo plantations of the East 
Indies. The usual plan in Salvador is merely to cut and burn 
the brush and undergrowth, sow the seed, and let it grow as best 
it can. It is generally sown in May, and by September is fit for the 
harvest, when the flower buds are about to open, at which time it 
is richest in the indigo-yielding matter. It is cut at a few inches 
above the foot, and the leaves and stems tied into bundles about 
lo inches in diameter, and conveyed at once to the factory, in 
which there are three brick tanks, placed in close proximity, each 
being on a lower level than the other. The sheaves are piled in 
the uppermost tank, covered with water, and heavy weights placed 
on them. A fermentation more or less rapid arises, according to 
the temperature, but generally in from nine to fourteen hours. The 
liquid, which has become of a greenish-yellow color, is then run 
off into the next lower tank, where it is necessary to keep it in a 
state of violent agitation in order to oxygenize it. For this pur- 
pose it is beaten for several hours by men armed with long paddles 
or poles, thus constantly exposing new surfaces to the action of the 
air. It is then run off into the third and lowest tank, where ^ 
macerated shrub, known as cuaja-tinta (ink coagulator) is added, 
which has the effect of precipitating the indigo to the bottom of the 
tank, when the water is drawn off, leaving the tinta in the shape 
of a purple-colored mud at the bottom, which then undergoes the ' 
process of drying and pressing into cakes ready for packing for 
market. 

There is no doubt that this industry could be rendered much 



SALVADOR. 41 

more profitable if more careful methods and improved apparatus 
were introduced in the cultivation and manufacture of the product. 
The quantity of indigo produced in Salvador has been falling off 
for some years past, but it is now again increasing, the amount 
produced in 1891 being 7,889 serrones (1 serronr=:i50 pounds) 
and in 1892, 9,587 serrones. The prospects of the future of this 
industry seem to be encouraging. 

BALSAM. 

The tree which produces this article is the Myrospermum salva- 
toriensis, or, as it was called in the aboriginal language, the 
Hoitziloxitl^ grows almost exclusively on the Costa del Balsamo, 
or Balsam Coast of Salvador, which comprises the seashores of 
the departments of Sonsonate and La Libertad, although Great 
Britain, ever alert to improve the resources of her Asiatic terri- 
tory, has recently introduced it into the Island of Ceylon. 

The balsam is a lofty leguminous tree, frequently reaching a 
height of 100 feet and over. The Indians living on the Balsam 
Coast, who are the nearest approach to the aboriginal tribes, have 
a monopoly of the balsam product, are supported entirely by it, 
and live in the forests in unmolested seclusion. 

There are two methods of extracting the viscid liquid, which is 
known in commerce as the Balsam of Peru, from the fact that it 
was first sent from Salvador to Peru in the early days of Spanish 
rule, and from thence found its way to Europe. 

The first consists in scraping the skin of the bark to the depth 
of one-tenth of an inch with a sharp machete, in small spaces, 
some 1 2 to 1 5 inches square, all along the trunk and stout branches 
of the tree. Immediately after this operation the portions scraped 
are heated with burning torches made out of the dried branches 
of a tree called " chimaliote," and after this pieces of old cotton 
cloth are spread on the warmed and half-charred bark. By punch- 
ing the edges of the cloths against the tree with the point of the 



42 



SALVADOR. 



machete they are made to adhere. In this condition they are left 
for twenty-four or even forty-eight hours (in January), when the 
rags are gathered and submitted to a decoction in big iron pots. 
After this the rags are subjected while still hot to a great pressure 
in an Indian machine, made of strong ropes and wooden levers, 
worked by hand. The balsam oozes out and falls into a recep- 
tacle, where it is allowed to cool. This is called raw balsam. To 
refine it they boil it again and drain it, after which they pack it 
in iron cans ready for market. 

The other method of extracting balsam consists in entirely bark- 
ing the trunk and heavy branches of the tree, a process which, as 
a rule, kills it outright, or at best renders it useless for several 
years. The bark is finely ground, boiled, and submitted to pres- 
sure, in order to extract the oil, which is considered of an inferior 
quality to thalT obtained by the system first described. Both 
methods are defective, but the latter is ruinous and is forbidden 
by the authorities. 

When ready for market it is a thick, viscid oleo resin, of a deep 
brown or black color, and has a fragrant balsamic odor. It has 
been analyzed and its percentage composition found to be ; Cin- 
namic acid, 46; resin, 32; benzylic alcohol, 20. It is used in 
perfumery, and in medicine as a stimulative application to indo- 
lent sores and internally as a remedy for asthma and other pec- 
toral complaints 

SUGAR. 

The climate and soil of Salvador are well adapted to the growth 
of sugar cane, which is cultivated to a greater or less extent in all 
the departments. With the introduction of capital and improved 
machinery the production of sugar would become a great industry. 
Even with the imperfect work now done all the sugar used in the 
Republic is of home production, and among the exports it ranks 
next in importance to indigo. The greater part of that used in 



SALVADOR. 



43 



the country is in the shape of small blocks weighing about 2 
pounds ; it is called " panela," and looks and tastes very much like 
the maple sugar of our Northern States. A large quantity of it 
is used in the manufacture of native rum. Loaves of compact 
white sugar, weighing from 25 to 40 pounds, are also manufac- 
tured. The mills which produce the "panela" are generally of 
wood, of very primitive construction, and the work done by them 
is very imperfect. There are in the country a few plants run by 
steam, where a better class of sugar is produced, but these are 
owned by large operators, who export their whole crops. 



TOBACCO. 



A considerable quantity of tobacco is produced in Salvador, as 
it grows luxuriantly in all the departments and at different eleva- 
tions. If better methods of drying and preparation of the leaves 
were in use a much higher grade would be produced, which would 
command attention in foreign markets and lead to a considerable 
extension of the industry. In December, 1892, a large quantity 
of tobacco seed was introduced by the Government and distributed 
gratis among agriculturists with the idea of promoting the culture 
of the plant, and at the same time two natives of Cuba were 
employed to teach the method of curing and working the tobacco 
as practiced in Cuba. At present nearly all the tobacco produced 
is consumed in the country, in the shape of cigars and cigarettes, 
by men, women, and children. Chewing tobacco and pipes are 
not used. 

The methods of handling the tobacco heretofore in use are very 
primitive. TJie growers allow the leaves to dry in the sun without 
detaching them from the stalks, which are cut a few inches above 
the surface of the ground. They then pile them in stacks from 6 
to 9 feet in diameter and 3 to 4 feet high, on the top of which they 
place heavy weights, covering them with a thick layer of banana 
leaves. Fermentation ensues which, from its action, brings out 



44 SALVADOR. 

the color and aroma of the leaves. When it is considered that the 
process is complete the tobacco is taken from the stack, exposed 
for a short time to the air, and the leaves detached from the stalks, 
sorted, and tied into bundles for market. The export trade in 
tobacco is small and principally to the neighboring Republics. 



INDIA RUBBER. 



Although the Government has made many efforts to promote 
the planting of India rubber trees, they have not hitherto been 
attended with success, and all of the product has been derived 
'from trees growing wild in the forests which cover the low, moist 
plains in the departments of La Paz, La Union, San Miguel, and 
Us&lutan. The methods of extracting the sap and making the 
rubber are of the same rude and wasteful description as are prac- 
ticed in other parts of Central America, and are conducted in a 
desultory and shiftless manner by the Indians. The result is that 
the amount exported is small and the industry has not attained 
any prominence. 



RICE 



Is extensively grown and forms quite an important crop. All 
that is raised in Salvador is of the upland variety, and is grown 
on the dry table-lands and hillsides. The greater part of the crop 
is consumed at home, the exports being confined to small quanti- 
ties sent to the neighboring Republics. 

OTHER PRODUCTS. 

Cacao is cultivated in many of the departments, and the quality 
produced is good. It is nearly all consumed in the country, in the 
shape of chocolate, etc., and has made but a small figure in the list 
of exports, although climate and soil are well adapted for its suc- 
cessful cultivation. 

Frijoles, the brown beans, which form such an important article 



SALVADOR. 45 

of diet in all the Spanish-American countries, are produced in 
large quantities in all parts of the Republic. 

Indian corn, wheat, potatoes, and vegetables in great variety are 
successfully cultivated and produce abundant crops. 

The cultivation of tropic fruits for export trade has excited but 
little interest in Salvador, as it lies too far from the markets of the 
United States, and its geographical position is such as to render 
it impossible to compete with the neighboring Republics having 
ports on the Atlantic coast; consequently fruit is raised solely for 
the purpose of supplying the domestic demand. 

CATTLE. 

The introduction of improved breeds of cattle has, within the 
past few years, received increased attention from the agriculturists. 
The fertile mountain slopes and foothills furnish excellent pas- 
turage, and the future of this industry has a very promising outlook. 

Within the past year the Government has established an agri- 
cultural educational establishment and model farm in the suburbs 
of the city of San Salvador, which is to be stocked with selected 
breeds of cattle, horses, hogs, and fowls from the United States. 
It is expected that this establishment will prove of great value to 
the agricultural interests of the country. The Government has 
also offered a prize of $50 for the best breed of cattle, horses, and 
mares introduced into the country with the object of improving 
the native breeds, which will doubtless have a very beneficial effect 
in that direction. 

FORESTRY. 

In consequence of the smaller forest area, the exportation of 
cabinet woods is not likely to attain the same importance as in some 
other parts of tropical America, yet Salvador has an ample supply 
of valuable timber, including mahogany, cedar, ebony, granadilla, 
etc. The low coast lands produce considerable quantities of dye- 



46 SALVADOR. 

woods, of which, perhaps, the mora, or fustic of commerce, is the 
most abundant and valuable. There also exists an ample supply 
of timber suitable for all building purposes, such as pitch pine, 
which is similar to the long-leaved yellow pine of our Southern 
States, ceiba, and others. Of late years several sawmills have 
been put in operation. 

There are two plants, which grow wild in all parts of the country, 
which are very valuable. These are the pita, from the fibre of 
which is made thread, twine, cordage, hammocks, and a great 
variety of other articles, and the yucca, from which starch is man- 
ufactured. The country abounds also in valuable medicinal 
plants and others that are useful from a commercial point of view. 



Chapter VI 11. 



MINERALS AND MINING. 

The mineral veins of Salvador are found principally in the 
rocks of the mountain chain, or cordillera, which extends into 
Honduras and Nicaragua and forms the richest mining districts 
of those countries. The veins run generally parallel with the 
direction of the range, that is, from east to west, but are often 
found to be much broken and interrupted by the action of 
upheaval. Deposits of gold, silver, copper, and lead are more 
generally found in the eastern part of the Republic, iron in the 
western, and coal at various points in the valley of the River 
Lempa. 

Of all the departments of the Republic, Morazan is the richest 
in minerals. In it, according to the latest statistical account, there 
exist 90 mines, or one-half of all the mining establishments of 
the country. They are described as follows: In the mineral set- 
tlement of Corozal, in the township of San Carlos, there are 8 
mines, viz: Corozal, a gold mine in good working condition and 
with good machinery; Miguelito, Barrios, and Agua Caliente, 
producing gold and silver, but not very rich ; Guarumal, a mine 
producing silver ore of high grade; and San Bartolo, Plumora- 
Barrios, and Guarumo-Barrios, silver mines. 

In the settlement of Encuentros, situated in the same township, 
there are 32 mines: Mina Grande; Guapinol, Virginia, Dolores, 
La Matilde, and El Rosario, all producing gold and silver ore 
yielding 10 marks of silver and an ounce of gold per ton; El 

47 



48 SALVADOR. 

Cuartel, El Recreo, Crito, Santa Nicolasa, La Plomosa, La Espe- 
ranza, La Fe, Chance, Santa Lucia, Persito, Diamante, and Ofir, 
all of them producing gold and silver, the Persito having also 
lead; La Soledad, La Luz, San Emilio, San Antonio, San Juan, 
Santa Emilia, Santa Anita, El Nance, Santa Nicolosa, Santa 
Francisca, Santa Isabel, and San Antonio, all producing gold and 
silver ores of various grades, and all owned by different persons. 

In the Loma Larga settlement, in the townships of San Carlos 
and Jocoro, there are 34. mines, all yielding gold and silver as 
follows: Loma Larga, Pique de la Senora, Socorro, Don Adolfo, 
Santa Maria, Santa Elena, Julia, Montecristo, La Perla, Guana- 
caste, San Jose, Santiago, La Fortuna, La Providencia, San Pedro, 
San Antonio, La Soledad, El Bosque, La Calera, Santa Bar- 
bara, Santa Maria, Gigante, Carolina, Flamenco, Divisadero, La 
Angela, and Juanita (the last-named four being the property 
of the Divisadero Gold and Silver Mining Company), Colombia, 
San Jacinto, Pavon, Nueva San Francisco, La Ventura, and San 
Rafael. 

In the township of Soledad there are 12 mines, all producing 
gold and silver, as follows : Montemayor, Banadero, El Caragiiito, 
El Carao, Misericordia, La Calabaza, Jimerito, La Fe, La Espe- 
ranza, Mala Barranca, El Gato, and Huilihuiste. 

In the township of Gotera there are the mines of La Concha 
and San Francisco. 

In the township of Zamabal there are 2 mines, named El Cru- 
cero and La Esperanza, and in the township of Cacaopera there 
is the Piedra Negra mine. 

Of the above-mentioned, the settlements of Corozal, Encuentros, 
Loma Larga, Divisadero, and Flamenco are completely equipped 
with mills, smelters, and machinery for the reduction of ores and 
producing bullion. 

The next departments in rank as mineral districts are Santa 
Ana and Chalatenango, in each of which there are 28 mines. 



SALVADOR. 



49 



The following tabic, compiled by Senor Don Rafael Reyes, 
chief of the Salvadorean Bureau of Statistics, shows the number 
of mines in each department and the minerals they produce : 



Departments. 


0) 

C 

o 

a 
•3 

'3 


S 
s 


T3 

u 

u 
V 

> 


•a 

1 
ni 
C 


3 

U 

o 


3 
S 
S 




T3 


o 

h- 1 


a 

O 

<u 

a 
2 


■a 
c 

If 

IS 
a 




> 




0) 

ft 
ft 




■3 



a 

u 

■a . 
" ft 

u 

> 


■3 




San Salvador 


I 


I 






































I 










8 








lO 




4 




s 


?8 


























La Libertad 









































5 


















s 
















13 


































Chalatenango 






2 








I 


2 


I 


2 
S 


I 




6 


S 
9 


3 


I 
3 





38 
17 




























La Paz 


































































































4 


84 








90 


























































2 
100 












6 


2 


2 


I 


I 


I 


I 


3 


9 


15 




2 


20 


7 


4 


5 




Total . 


I 


tRo 







In several of the departments not mentioned as having mines, 
mineral claims have been made and are in course of development. 

The mining laws of Salvador are embodied in El Codigo de 
Mineria (The Mining Code), the provisions of which are substan- 
tially identical with those of the other Spanish-American countries. 
The following is a translation of the most important clauses: 

Sec. 15. The ownership of a mine is acquired by means of a concession 
granted by competent authority, under the provisions of the present law, or by 
any other way of conveyance or transfer of property recognized by the munic- 
ipal law of the country. 

Sec 16. A concession is the formal adjudication or grant of a mine, made in 
favor of some one who has complied with all the requisites of law, and it carries 
with it the power to work the mine within the limits of a fixed area or extent. 

Sec. 17. No concession shall be granted except upon application and all other 
regular proceedings provided for by this code. 

An exemplified copy of the whole record of the said proceedings shall be the 
title of the ownership of the.mine. 

Sec. 18. A concession granted in full conformity with the provisions of this 
law conveys to the grantee the ownership of the mine, and enables, therefore. 
Bull. 58 4 



50 SALVADOR. 

the same grantee freely to dispose both of the mine and of its yield, as his own 
private property. 

Sec. 19. The concessions are made for unlimited time, and last so long as the 
grantees comply with the conditions imposed on them by this law. 

Sec. 20. The refuse and slag heaps of abandoned mines and smelting estab- 
lishments shall not be allowed to be worked except upon a special concession ; 
but if the ground on which they are found is private property, they shall belong 
to its owner. 

Sec. 21. The tailings and grounds of abandoned mines are integral parts of 
the mine to which they belong, and can not be made the subject of a separate 
concession. 

Sec. 22. No concession shall ever be made until after the metal supposed to 
exist in the mine is actually found, and without sufficient proof that there is 
ground enough to constitute a mining property. 

Sec. 61. Miners and all other persons continuously engaged in mining works 
shall be exempted from military and municipal service. 

They shall be exempted also from imprisonment for civil debt, and no attach- 
ment can be made of their wages, on account of the same debts, for more than 
one-fourth of their amount. 

Sec. 63. Miners and laborers shall be exempted from the tax called the 
"beneficiencia," which is levied on all the inhabitants of the Republic. 



Chapter IX. 



COMMERCE. 

Notwithstanding the disadvantage under which Salvador labors 
of having no ports on the Atlantic Coast and no outlet for mer- 
chandise in that direction, the commerce of the country has been 
remarkably active, a result largely due to the high prices that have 
been obtained for coffee for several years. For some time past, 
however, the great fall in the price of silver and consequent high 
rate of exchange has exerted a depressing influence, and the year 
1892 shows a decrease in the amount of both exports and imports. 

The foreign commerce for 1892 was as follows: 

Dollars. 

Exports 6, 838, 258. 74 

Imports 2, 320, 941. 30 

Excess of exports 4, 517, 317. 44 

The President of the Republic in his message to Congress of 
20th of February, 1893, in referring to this says: 

This immense balance in our favor is such a proportion as perhaps no other 
country in the world can show ; it represents an accumulation ot savings, and 
consequently considerable increase in public wealth. Our situation would have, 
been extremely favorable if circumstances impossible to foresee had not partly 
nullified the conditions. These arose from the precautions rendered necessary 
by the prevalence of cholera in Europe, and the crisis brought about in conse- 
quence of the extraordinary fall in the price ot silver. 

The exports, divided by countries, were as follows : 

Pesos. 

United States 2, 878, 649. 00 

France 953, 998. 00 

Great Britain 797, 812. 00 

Germany 787, 480.00 

Italy 399, 678. 00 

Spain 22, 663. 00 

Other countries 997, 978. 74 

Total 6,838,258.74 

51 



52 SALVADOR. 

The following are the commodities shipped : 

» ■ Pesos. 

Coffee 4, 526, 755. 00 

Indigo I, 151, 169.00 

Sugar 164, 089. 06 

Balsam 55, 781. 00 

Hides 32, 734. 00 

India rubber 10, 578. 00 

Silver coin 550, 681. 00 

Silver bullion 149, 872. 00 

Tobacco, leaf 30, 646. 00 

Tobacco, manufactured 108, 040. 00 

Other articles 57, 913. 74 

Total ' 6, 838, 258. 74 

The iinports consisted of the following merchandise : 

Pesos. 

Cotton goods S77, 468. 00 

Linen goods. 13, 217. 00 

Wooleu goods 56, 927. 00 

Silk goods 79, 170. 00 

Mixed goods 5, 837. 00 

Flour 202, 906. 00 

Liquors, wine and beer 225, 866. 00 

Earthenware and glass 39, 367. 00 

Drugs and perfumery 82, 454. 00 

Ironware 5, 872. 00 

Machinery 40, 005. 00 

Hats, straw 15, 363. 00 

Shoemakers' tools 18, 669.00 

Jewelry i, 950. 00 

Printed books i, 494, 00 

Coin 143, 376. 00 

Furniture and woods 33, 415. 00 

Hardware. 160, 689. 00 

Tinware 93, 039, 00 

Other articles 223, 857. 30 

Total 2, 320, 941. 30 

The trade between the United States and Salvador has steadily 
grown and may now be considered as well and soundly established. 
The following report, made by Mr. G. J. Dawson, U. S. vice- 
consul at San Salvador, September 3, 1893, gives a clear pre- 
sentation of the present conditions: 

After a careful investigation of the existing difficulties that our trade has to 



SALVADOR. 53 

overcome in this country in order to successfully compete with European goods, 
I have arrived at certain conclusions vi^hich I judge worthy of the consideration 
of our manufacturers and exporters. 

Our commerce in Salvador has grown up slowly, but at the same time steadily, 
in spite of the prejudice aroused against it by competitors and in spite of deplor- 
able errors committed in the beginning by some of our shortsighted exporters. 

The reputation of our goods, now firmly established and daily extending in 
these markets, is due to their merit. Two facts, however, almost nullify the 
advantages we have already gained. These are our short-credit system and our 
lack of transportation facilities, which produces the anomalous result of cheaper 
freight rates from European than from American ports. 

It has befen frequently said, and it is a fact, that American manufactures can 
not compete with goods of European make on account of the cheapness of the 
latter. This cheapness is generally due either to absolute inferiority of the trans- 
atlantic article or to heavier freights paid from American ports. Rather than 
debase the quality and the good reputation of our products, it is preferable to 
go on as we are going; it is better to be unable to compete, in a certain sense 
of the word, because the consumers here understand very well that the higher 
prices they pay for our articles are in just proportion to their superior quality. 
But if freights were reduced the prices actually demanded for our goods would 
naturally fall, and we would then stand a fair chance of becoming the masters 
of Central American trade. 

Let us compare a few European articles with those of American manufacture, 
in order to establish the real difference existing between them, independently 
of prices. American cotton "manta" appears in this market as a heavy, soft, 
white fabric, 36 inches wide and 40 yards long. English shirtings usually come 
in 24-yard pieces, 24 to 28 inches wide. It is of a yellowish gray hue, thin and 
brittle in texture, as if the threads of which it is woven were held together by 
the lime and glue with which it is entirely coated. European and American 
calicoes, muslins^ cotton handkerchiefs, braids, and other stuffs ot the same kind 
likewise differ, those of American make showing at a glance what they are, the 
European concealing under a brilliant exterior the poverty of their quality. The 
lower classes of the people give the preference to European goods, on account 
of their cheapness, but, aware of their bad quality, are constantly striving to 
obtain American articles, satisfied that they would gain, though paying higher 
prices. 

Salvadorean importers get in England, on long terms of credit, whitt cotton 
shirtings in 40-yard pieces, 33 inches wide, at $1.55 per piece; in 24-yard 
pieces and narrower widths at 88 cents ; gray cotton domestics in 40-yard pieces. 



_5'4 SALVADOR. 

28 inches wide, at $1.37 per piece; striped cotton towels, 36 by 72 inches, at 
$4 per dozen; and white towels, 28 by 64, at ^2.20 per dozen. 

Cotton yarn, bleached and dyed, is imported only from England and is much 
used in the manufacture of native " manta," drills, cotton shawls (or " rebosos "), 
napkins, tablecloths, and coarse handkerchiefs woven in the country. It comes 
in bales of 45 or 50 bundles, weighing 5 pounds each. According to consular 
invoices this yarn, dyed, is bought in Manchester at 20 cents per pound. Ameri- 
can cotton yarn could advantageously compete in this market with the English 
article, and it would be worth while to give this line of trade a trial, since the 
English carry it on with a profit even after buying the raw material from the 
United States or other countries. 

Sewing thread is exclusively imported from the United States. 

Woolen fabrics are mostly imported from France, England, and Germany. 
With few exceptions they are mixed with other materials. They wear very 
poorly and sell at prices sufficiently high for first-class goods. American woolen 
stuffs could find acceptance in much larger quantities than are now actually 
imported. Their only drawbacks are, as stated above, the higher freig'hts and 
noncredit system of our tradespeople. Woolen hats of American manufacture 
are being imported. Their superiority in every respect is recognized by the 
people. 

Silk thread and stuffs are generally imported from France. The United States 
have lately begun to introduce this kind of goods, and, as regards fineness in 
quality, they have nothing to envy in those of European manufacture. 

The importation of bottled beer from the United States is growing more and 
more every day. English beers are fast withdrawing from this market, which 
not long ago they monopolized. ■ The German article is the only one in compe- 
tition. Beer is not imported in barrels. 

Cheap European wines, cognacs, and rums, generally imported from England 
and Germany, are being slowly driven away by the pure articles from California. 
With lower freights we would soon become the absolute masters of the wine and 
liquor trade of Salvador. Chile is now looking to Central America as a new 
field for the exportation of her wines and cereals. Heretofore Central America 
has imported from Great Britain Chilean wines adulterated by European dealers, 
who sent them back to this continent nicely bottled and gaily labeled. In the 
future these countries will import the pure wines and liquors of the southern 
Republic, with which we shall have to compete. 

Shoes and shoemakers' materials are more rarely imported from Europe than 
formerly. We are rapidly gaining ground in this line, and we are the only 
exporters to these countries of sewing machines for shoemakers' use, as well as 
of many raw materials and tools. 



SALVADOR. 55 

In the commerce of glass and china ware, as also of lamps and thdr accesso- 
ries, bric-a-brac, and similar goods, we are improving. The same might be said 
of cheap jewelry, paper, blank and printed books, and all stationery. American 
watches and clocks have great demand, and their use is steadily growing. Our 
trade in drugs, medicines, and perfumery is making rapid progress. Mercury is 
largely imported from Europe. In some articles, however, such as rubber and 
leather goods, blacking, varnishes, cordage, and umbrellas, we are making great 
improvement. 

With regard to machinery, our trade is increasing constantly. Sewing ma- 
chines of all descriptions, as well as carpenters' foot-power machines, are 
imported from the United States. Sugar-cane mills, turbines, and other water 
wheels, coiFee and rice cleaning machines, electric apparatus, railway locomo- 
tives, and steam engines of American manufacture are more frequently imported 
than are those of European make. 

The competition between American hardware and that of England and Ger- 
many is becoming more brisk and important every day, notwithstanding cheaper 
freights from European ports and the difference in credit systems. The great 
superiority of our goods is daily more firmly established, and this is proved by 
the repeated efforts made by transatlantic manufacturers to imitate our articles 
and trade-marks, aided by dealers here who openly declare, when detected, that 
English or German goods are "as good as American." 

Galvanized-iron wire for telegraphic and fence purposes, as well as revolvers 
and rifles, are exclusively imported from the United States. First-class tools, 
machetes, axes, wire and cut nails, hunting knives, and steel in bars mostly come 
from the United States. 

The following are wholesale prices at which Salvador merchants get some of 
their goods on credit in English markets : 

Dollars. 

Axes (good quality, without handles) each . . .78 

Machetes per dozen. . 2. 36 

Kettles (" peroles"), for cane juice each. . 

Hunting knives per dozen . . 

Shears per gross . . 

Sheet-iron cans, for balsam packing each. . 

Galvanized sheet iron per pound . . 

Zinc, in sheets do. . . . 

Steel, in bars do. . . . 

Iron buckets do ... . 

Iron "comales" (open flat ovens, for baking corn bread) . . . .do. . . . 

Iron " cantaros" (water pitchers) do. . . . 

Hoes per dozen. . 

Lead, in bars per pound . 

Tin, in bars , do ... . 






,40 


2, 


■ 15 


5. 


, 20 


I. 


03 




. OIj 




04 




051 




.03 




02 




12 


I 


■50 




. 02i 




. 20 



s(> 



SALVADOR. 



With regard to furniture, it may be said that most of that imported comes 
from the United States. The same is also true to a very large extent of oil, 
paints, brushes, moldings, and tapestries, which were hardly ever brought. from 
the United States till a few years ago. 

Coal, petroleum, gasoline, and naphtha, Portland cement, cotton-seed oil, 
tea, lumber, ready-made doors and blinds, preserved meats, lard, fresh and pre- 
served fruits and vegetables, Indian corn and maizena, flour, and rice come 
exclusively from the United States, as also large quantities of pickles, cheese, 
salt fish, and other potted meats. 

The exports from the United States to Salvador during the year ending June 
30, 1893, were as follows: 



Articles. 



Agricultural implements 

Cars, passenger and freight, for steam railroads number. . 

Cotton, manufactures of : 

Cloths, colored and uncolored .yards. . 

All other 

Fish, canned, other than salmon 

India rubber and gutta-percha, manufactures of 

Iron and steel, manufactures of: 

Cutlery 

Firearms 

Machinery, not elsewhere specified . . 

Nails and spikes — 

Cut pounds. . 

Wire, wrought, horseshoe, and all other, including 

tacks pounds. . 

Saws and tools 

Steam engines, etc. — stationary engines number. . 

Wire pounds. . 

Leather and manufactures of : 

Leather : 

Manufactures — 

Boots and shoes pairs . . 

Harness and saddles 

All other 

All other articles 



Domestic exports 
Foreign goods 



Total exports 



Quantities. 



I, 843, 224 



54. 660 
2, 600 



Values. 



I, 356, 863 



263 



Dollars. 
1,817 
3.712 

98, 444 

7.803 

106 

3.025 

413 
40, 642 

53- 249 

1.378 

144 
8,841 

585 
40, 187 



461 

1.775 

846 

854, 506 



I, 118,054 
20, 376 



I, 138,430 



The imports from Salvador with the United States for the year 
ending June 30, 1893, were : 

Dollars. 

Goods free of duty , i, 355, 674 

Goods dutiable - 56 

Total 1.355.730 



SALVADOR. 57 

There has been a general complaint throughout all the countries 
of Central and South America as to carelessness in packing goods 
in the United States. The following report of Vice -Consul 
Dawson shows clearly the necessity for careful attention on that 
point and explains the rough handling to which merchandise is 
subjected in Salvador. 

UNLOADING AND LANDING. 

The more or less bad condition in which goods reach this country is largely 
due to the usage to which packages are subjected on landing at the ports and 
during their transportation from the ports to the interior. The knowledge, 
then, of the facts concerning the landing and transportation difficulties in Salvador 
is bound to be a sure guide to manufacturers and exporters intending to pack 
goods destined for this country. 

In the first place, goods are hoisted from the holds of vessels in a rough and 
careless manner and thrown down into lighters or big open launches, where they 
are as roughly put in order, with utter disregard to the size or resistance of frail 
packages on which heavy ones are piled, to the detriment of their contents. 

Once loaded, the lighters are rowed a distance of from half a mile to 2 miles 
(at Acajutla and La Libertad) to the wharf, where the goods are again hoisted 
some 30 or 40 feet from the launches to the pier in a somewhat similar fashion 
to that observed in unloadmg them from the steamers. From the head of the 
pier the cargo is once more moved, placed on small platform cars, pushed some 
400 feet over rails by hand at La^ Libertad, and drawn by oxen at Acajutla to 
the custom-house, where warehouses are provided pending the registering of 
merchandise. 

At La Union the process just described varies a little with regard to the pier. 
There the lighters, which are long and narrow Indian canoes or "bougos," as 
they are called, are supposed to reach the land directly from the steamers; but, 
as the water is too shallow for their draft, ox carts are driven up to the axles 
into the muddy water, and the bales, cases, barrels, etc., are brought to them 
from the boats on the shoulders of cartmen and boatmen who wade waist deep 
from 10 to 25 yards. The carts, once loaded, are driven some 60 yards to the 
custom-house, where the goods are thrown out and stowed pending registration. 

EN ROUTE TO THE INTERIOR. 

At Acajutla the cargo is taken from the warehouse on board the cars of the 
Acajutla Railroad to Sonsonate, or to the terminus at La Ceiba. Goods are 
supposed to suffer a great deal less from rough handling by this route than on 



58 SALVADOR. 

the way from La Libertad or La Uni6n to the interior. The transportation 
from Sonsonate and other railway stations to the western departments of Sal- 
vador and from the two seaports mentioned above to the inland towns is done 
by means of carts. These are two-wheeled vehicles drawn by oxen. Their 
construction is primitive and strong. Their axles are made of wood, and the 
body of the cart sits directly on the axle, without any springs. The length of 
the carts is generally 9 feet and the breath 3^ feet. In the dry season, when 
the roads are supposed to be in good condition, they carry as much as 7 "cargas" 
of 12 "arrobas" each (2,100 pounds). This load is reduced to 1,000 and even 
to 800 pounds in rainy weather, when the roads are next to impassable. One 
hundred and twenty-five cubic feet of bulky and light cargoes can be transported 
in one of these carts. 

The roads in Salvador are, as a rule, very bad. They are not macadamized, 
and can be described as simple cuts on the hillsides of sufficient width to allow 
two carts to pass each other. Whenever traffic or a rain storm wears holes or 
ditches in the roadbed, bundles of twigs or brush and loose earth brought from 
the nearest cut on the roadside and placed therein are deemed enough by the 
municipal officials to remedy the imperfection ; the consequence is that the high- 
ways are always in poor condition. To this it may be added that bridges are 
extremely rare; that the ground is generally soft, easily cut by the rain, and 
frequently muddy; that no regard has been taken for the grading of the ways, 
which go almost straight uphill and down to the bottom of the valleys ; and, 
lastly, that the rainfall in the wet season is frequent and heavy. 

Whenever an axle breaks, which is a very common occurrence, or whenever, 
as more usually happens, a cart gets stuck in a mudhole, out of which the oxen — 
small, ill fed, lean, and weak beasts — can not pull it, the custom on the road 
from La Union to San Miguel is to unload the cargo and to carry it on the 
shoulders of the cartmen beyond the difficult pass in order to draw the empty 
vehicle to a safe place, where they load again, only to repeat the sticking and 
unloading process some 2 or 3 miles ahead. On La Libertad road a whole 
train of carts stops at such times and unite the strength of 10 or 12 couples 
of oxen to draw the " stuck cart " over the bad piece of road. Then they move 
away, leaving others to meet their fate, without ever giving a thought to mend- 
ing the ditch or hole that detained them. In this way they manage to make 
the distance of 36 miles from La Libertad to San Salvador or from La Uni6n 
to San Miguel in from three to eight days. 

The price for carting every " carga " of 300 pounds a distance of 36 or 40 
miles varies from 95 cents to $4.50, according to the season of the year. Goods 
are carted in the same manner from Sonsonate to Santa Ana, and from the rail- 
way terminus at La Ceiba to Santa Tecla and San Salvador. 



SALVADOR. 59 

Once at Santa Ana or at San Miguel, a new kind of handling begins for pack- 
ages destined to go further into the interior. This consists in pack mules that 
carry from 200 to 250 pounds, and which differ very little from those used on 
the Rocky Mountains. 

OUTSIDE PACKAGES. 

From what has been said, it is only natural to suggest that goods should be 
tightly packed in as small cases, bales, barrels, or packages as possible — no larger 
than 36 by 20 by 18 inches, and weighing not more than 80 or 100 pounds. 

Cases containing goods should be made of strong three-quarter inch boards, 
capable of standing more rough handling than any that can be even imagined in 
the United States, for in this country the mere movement of a cart on a rela- 
tively smooth road is enough to shake almost any kind of a box to pieces and to 
ruin the contents if not firmly packed and well protected with sawdust, hay, or 
other appropriate packing stuff. This should especially be borne in mind when ^ 
packing bottled wines, liquors, and other liquids, which, by the way, are fre- 
quently rifled in a strange and very effective manner. The cartmen willfully 
strike the bottom of a whole case of wine or brandy against a rock until the 
board gets broken and with it one or more bottles. The liquid then pouring 
out through the box or package is collected and drunk. This is reported and 
charged to the broken case from which no bottle has been extracted. 

Against heavy packing, however, there is the drawback of customs duties 
charged on the box, keg, barrel, etc., according to the actual tariff. Merchants 
generally sell the cases or packing of merchandise for more than the equivalent 
of the duties paid on. them. The question then is, does it suit them better to 
pay small duties on a light case and run the risk of heavy losses by breakage and 
robbery or to pay more duties on strong boxing, with a prospective guaranty 
against either loss ? The latter is generally accepted as preferable. 

The actual system of packing bales of dry goods is good enough, but the 
weight per package ought to be diminished by putting fewer pieces of cloth in 
each. 

The fact of packages not being waterproof increases the freight rates about 
15 per cent from the ports to the interior during the rainy season. 

Casks containing wines or other liquids should be protected by a thick, coarse 
mat, covering at least the central or widest diameter of the same. 

Petroleum, naphtha, cotton-seed oil, and similar articles should be packed in 
cans of thicker tin, and the soldering should be more carefully executed, for they 
suffer a great deal in transit, and the leakage, of the first especially, often amounts 
to 40 per cent of the whole invoice. 



6o SALVADOR. 

All wooden cases and boxes should have, when possible, iron bands on the 
edges, and some device ought to be invented by which the ends of those bands 
may be locked and unlocked in some way as a precaution against stealing the 
contents by boatmen, cartmen, and porters, particularly when high-priced 
goods are packed in them. Custom-house officials open all packages to register 
their contents and deliver them opened to the owners or their agents, who shut 
them hastily as best they can and turn them over half closed to the cartmen 
to be taken to the interior in the manner already described. 

Machinery destined for this country should be made in as small pieces as 
practicable. The road from La Union to San Miguel is strewn with heavy 
pieces- of mining machinery, big iron shafts, blocks of granite and marble for 
Snonuments, etc., which have never reached their destination. At this date 
there is actually a boiler at the foot of the pier at Acajutla under 12 feet of 
water, which broke the chains with which they were hoisting it from the lighter. 
It is sunk, probably never to be recovered. 

In conclusion, our merchants should remember that English is not spoken in 
Salvador, and that the labels "Handle with care," "This side up," "Use no 
hooks," etc., on packages should be written or printed in Spanish if they are to 
be read here. 

In April, 1893, a decree of Congress was published reestablishing 
consular invoices, which must now accompany all shipments of 
goods to Salvador. As the details are important to shippers, a full 
translation is given, as follows: 

The National Assembly of the Republic of Salvador: Whereas it is expedient 
to reestablish consular invoices, in order to more effectively prevent the entry 
of foreign goods in contraband, to more clearly justify their real origin, and to 
augment the receipts of the consular service of the Republic, has decreed: 

Article 1. Whosoever ships articles of commerce, even duty-free goods, from 
abroad into the Republic must, for every shipment to a consignee, make an invoice 
in triplicate copy. 

These invoices must be written in the Spanish language or in the language 
of the country of origin, and give the following details : 

1. The indication of the quantity of bales, cases, barrels, bundles, or any 
other package containing goods. 

2. The marks and number of each package and its gross weight, with the 
exception of machinery, iron, or wood, which can, even when composed of various 
packages, be entered in the invoice with the total price of each shipment. 

3. The denomination and kind of goods. 



SALVADOR. 61 

4, The value of the goods in legal currency of the Republic, in the currency 
of the country of origin, or in the currency with which the goods were pur- 
chased. 

Art. 2. The shippers of goods must present the three copies of the invoice 
to be viseed to the consul, vice-consul, or consular agent of the Republic resid- 
ing at the place of origin or at the port from whence the goods are to be shipped. 
In localities where no agent of Salvador exists these documents must be legalized 
by a ccfnsul of a friendly country or of a country with which the Republic is not 
at war. In default of these agents the legalization must be made by the cham- 
ber of commerce, if it should not refuse to do so, and, finally, by two merchants 
of the locality. 

Art. 3. Consuls, vice-consuls, and consular agents must exact from shippers 
of goods that the triplicate invoices conform to the prescriptions of the present 
law; they can tolerate neither interlineations, erasures, corrections, nor cancel- 
ings, and may not authenticate the invoices until after comparison. 

Art. 4. When the authentication emanates from agents ot the Republic it 
shall be inscribed at the foot of each copy and in the following form: "I certify 
that the above invoice, presented by (indicate the name of the shipper) composed 
of (indicate, in letters, the number of sheets) is relative to (number) of packages, 
of a total weight and of a total value of (state total weight and value in letters)." 
The seal of the consulate must be affixed at the end of each certificate and on 
each sheet of the invoice, otherwise they shall be null. 

Art. 5. When the legalization is made by a foreign consular agent, it shall be 
valid when drawn up conformably to his administrative form and when made 
by a chamber of commerce or by merchants it shall be valid when drawn up 
conformably to the regulations of the country of origin, or of any other country, 
provided that the number of sheets and the quantity of the packages be sufficiently 
certified. 

Art. 6. Consuls, vice-consuls, and consular agents of Salvador must keep two 
of the three copies of the invoices in their possession, and must give receipt 
therefor to the interested party. They shall remit to the latter the third copy 
in order that the consignee may, at the port of destination, annex the same to 
the bills of lading. 

One of the copies retained by the consuls must be transmitted to the admin- 
istrator of the maritime custom house at the place of destination and, when pos- 
sible, by the same vessel carrying the goods, and the other must be sent by them, 
by the next mail, to the direction general of the treasury. These two copies 
must be sent under sealed envelopes. 

When the legalization was not made by a consular agent of the Republic the 



62 SALVADOR. 

copies of the invoice to be transmitted to the customs and to the direction gen- 
eral of the treasury, as above described, must be sent by the interested party. 

Art. 7. A register shall be kept in every consular office of the Republic in 
which an extract of the authenticated invoices must be entered, and an abstract 
of this register must be transmitted half-yearly to the minister of finance. 

Art. 8. Consuls, vice-consuls, and consular agents shall collect a fee of 2 pesos 
50 centavos for the authentication of each series of invoices; this fee they must 
share with the consul-general of the Republic accredited to the country of their 
residence. 

Art. 9. Invoices for samples and those the amount of which does not exceed 
100 pesos shall be exempt from the consular fee, provided, however, that the 
ium has not been apportioned among various invoices in order to reduce the total 
amount. 

Art. 10. The customs of the Republic can not effect the verification of goods 
when the consignee has not produced the consular invoice. 

Should the consular invoice which the consignee must produce miscarry or be 
delayed, the examination of the goods may, nevertheless, be effected with the 
control of the copy received by the customs, or in default of the latter, by the 
one transmitted to the direction general of the treasury. 

Art. 11. If for plausible reasons neither of the two documents above alluded 
to can be furnished, the verification may likewise be effected by furnishing, instead 
of the invoice, a written declaration giving the details of the goods, and pro- 
vided that a bond be given guaranteeing the presentation of an invoice in good 
and due form within a short delay. 

No bond shall be exacted for invoices not exceeding 100 pesos in amount. 

The immediate verification may likewise be effected when the owner of goods, 
requiring them absolutely, is not in possession of the required documents or when 
it is impossible for him to make the detailed declaration alluded to in the pre- 
ceding paragraph. In such case the verification must be effected by all of the 
"contadoreo-vistas " and the administrator of customs. 

Art. 12. Should part of the packages declared in an invoice not be found at 
arrival, owing to an omission at the time of shipment, such packages may be 
declared afterwards by furnishing a duly legalized copy or an extract of the 
original invoice. 

Art. 13. The administrator of customs who permits the verification of goods 
by neglecting the observance of the formalities prescribed by the present law shall, 
for every case, incur a fine of 100 pesos. 

Art. 14. The prescriptions of the present law relative to consuls, vice-consuls, 
and consular agents shall likewise be applicable to consuls-general. 



SALVADOR. 63 

Art, 15. The present decree shall enter into force three months after its pro- 
mulgation for goods imported via Panama or proceeding from the Pacific coast, 
and six months after, for goods imported via the Strait of Magellan. 
Given in the Legislative Palace, San Salvador, April 7, 1893. 

Antonio J. Castro, 

Le President. 

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. 

The metric system of weights and measures was estabHshed in 
Salvador by decree dated 1st of January, 1886, but it has been 
found very difficult to induce the people to recognize the change, 
and with few and rare exceptions the old weights and measures 
continue in general use. They are as follows : 

Salvador. United States. 

Libra = i. 0127 pounds. 

Arroba = 25. 3175 pounds. 

Quintal =101. 2700 pounds. 

Cantara = 4 cuartillas = 4. 2631 gallons. 

Botella =^ o. 766 quart. 

Fanega = 4 cuartillas =: 1.5745 bushels. 

The vara, which is the standard measure of length, -was fixed by 
decree of 14th of February, 1865, at .836 meter or 2^ feet, and 
the manzana of land as 100 varas square =: 1.726 acres. In com- 
merce there are certain denominations in current use, such as the 
serron of indigo =: 150 libras; that of tobacco z= 125 libras, and 
a carga, or load for a mule = 8 arrobas. 

UNITED STATES CONSULS IN SALVADOR. 

San Salvador Alexander L. Pollock Consul. 

San Salvador Guillermo J. Dawson Vice-consul. 

Acajutla Andrew A. Oliver Consular agent. 

La Libertad Emilio Courtade Consular agent. 

La Union John B. Courtade Consular agent. 

Santa Ana H. M. Klein Acting agent. 

CONSULS OF SALVADOR IN THE UNITED STATES. 

New York Samuel Bo3^d Consul-general. 

New York Ernesto Schernikow. Vice-consul. 

Boston J. C. Blume y Corbacho Consul. 

San Francisco Carlos F. Irigoyen . . . .' Consul. 

San Diego Herman Welisch Consul. 



Chapter X. 



MONEY, BANKING, AND REVENUE. 

The monetary unit has until recently been the silver dollar, 
which was divided into — 

2 Tostones = 50 cents 

4 Pesetas '^ 25 cents 

8 Reales = i2]4. cents 

16 Medios ^ 6^ cents 

32 Cuartillos = 3}i cents 

Divided also as a money of account into loo centavos, or cents. 
In small transactions, particularly in the markets, it has been cus- 
toniary to divide the cuartillo into 2 raciones= i^ cents, and the 
racion into 2 medias of three-quarters cent. 

In the scarcity of national coins, gold and silver of different 
countries has been in circulation, particularly those of Guatemala, 
Honduras, Costa Rica, Chile, Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia, Colombia, 
Mexico, United States, France, and England, also some German 
gold coins. Custom has determined the value placed on these 
foreign moneys, except in the case of those whose equivalent has 
been so well known as to be invariable. 

The peso was reputed as equal to 5 francs, French; 5 liras, 
Italian; 5 pesetas, Spanish; 4 shillings, English; 4 marcs, German; 
and 1 dollar. United States. 

The decimal system was adopted by law February 17, 1883, 
and made obligatory on January 1, 1886, but the people continue 
to make use of the old Spanish coins and methods of reckoning. 
The most effective step for the establishment of a national coinage 

64 



SALVADOR. 65 

was the making of a contract by the Government with an English 
company, organized under the name of the Central- American 
Mint, Limited, in accordance with which the said company has 
built and equipped a mint which is perfect in all respects, and 
possesses some of the finest machinery in the world. It was for- 
mally inaugurated with great ceremony by the President of the 
Republic on the 28th of August, 1892. Salvador is naturally 
proud of the institution, as it will fill a long-felt want by providing 
it with a national coinage which will be a boon to commerce and 
the country generally. Immediately following the opening of the 
mint, the Government took another important step and established 
a gold standard. This is a matter of such importance to the 
country, and will have such a far-reaching effect on commerce, 
that a literal translation of the law and the decree making pro- 
vision for carrying it into effect is given, as follows : 

Provisions of the Bill on Monetary Reform introduced on September 13, 
18.92, IN THE Congress of Salvador by the Minister of the Treasury 
AND Public Credit, passed September 30, 1892. 

1. Gold shall be the standard. There will be a gold coin called peso, which 
shall weigh 1.612903 grams, and will be the unit. The multiples and submul- 
tiples of the peso shall be according to the decimal system. 

2. Coins, inferior and subsidiary, shall be silver and copper or nickel, in the 
following proportions — 

Silver: 25 grams of silver for one gold peso. 
Copper or nickel: 1.333333 for one gold cent. 

All the coins shall be national money, and shall be coined by the Government 
and for its benefit. 

3. The revenues as well as the expenses of the Government shall be estimated 
in the new national gold coin, the value of the silver to be calculated according 
to the rates it may reach at the time in the New York Exchange. 

4. Until sufficient quantity of the national gold coin is in circulation in the 
country, taxes and all debts due to the Government may be paid in the national 
currency, or in foreign gold coin, or in silver coin admitted to circulation, but 
in the latter case the value of the silver shall be fixed as above said, and an 
additional charge of 5 per cent on the tax shall be made. 

Bull. 58 5 



66 SALVADOR. 

Salaries and expenses of all kinds shall be paid by the Government in the 
same way; but 70 per cent of the salaries and 60 per cent of all other expenses 
shall be paid, unless ad interim, in either gold or silver national coin. 

5. The value of silver fixed as above mentioned shall be published by the 
Government, in the Official journal, on the 15th of each month. But during 
the period of two months subsequent to the date in which this bill becomes a 
law, 60 per cent shall be the legal rate. 

During said period 70 per cent of all customs duties, and taxes on liquor, 
shall be paid in gold, or its equivalent in silver at the said rate of 60 per cent. 

6. Coins not gold shall be issued by the Government to the amount of 
500,000 pesos, as follows: 

125,000 pesos in silver pieces of 20, 10, and 5 cents each. 
25,000 pesos in pieces of copper or nickel, from 1 to J cents each. 

250,000 pesos in pieces of 100 cents each. 

200,000 pesos in pieces of 50 cents each. 

Coins of the value of one dollar and half a dollar may be represented by 
gold certificates issued by some bank in the Republic, on its own responsibility, 
redeemable at par on demand. The issue of these certificates shall be controlled 
by the Government. 

7. The fineness of the coin shall be 0.900. But subsidiary silver coins shall 
continue to have the fineness of 0.835. "^^^ fineness of the pieces of copper 
and nickel will be 1.875 ^^^ °-635, respectively. 

8. Until a sufficient quantity of the new national gold coin is put in circula- 
tion, foreign gold coins shall be a legal tender at the following rates : 

American and Spanish gold at par ; English and Mexican, 97 per cent ; French, 
96 per cent; German, 95 per cent. 

9. The Government is given authority to make all necessary arrangements 
with the mint to carry these provisions into effect. 

10. The present law does not affect any transaction or contract of anterior 
date. 

11. All former laws in opposition to these provisions are repealed. 

PROVISIONS TO CARRY THE LAW INTO EFFECT. 

By executive decree of the Government of Salvador, issued on October 21, 
1892, in pursuance of the law enacted on the 30th of September of the same 
year, which is the one introduced on the 13th of the same month as a "Bill on 
monetary reform," the following was ordered: 

1. Gold coins of 10, 15, and 20 dollars shall be coined, with the weight, 
fineness, etc., provided by the law aforesaid. 



SALVADOR. 67 

Silver auxiliary coins shall be of 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 cents. 

Minor coins, inferior in value to 5 cents, shall be in circulation only to the 

amount of $25,000, the coinage of which was entrusted to contractors by the 

last administration. 

2. As long as the new gold coins are not either coined in the country or imported 
from abroad in sufficient^ quantity to properly meet the necessities of circulation 
the Government shall grant authority to some of the banks now in existence to 
issue notes from $1 to $100 each, payable in gold, which shall be a legal tender 
at par, redeemable on presentation to the bank either with national gold coin or 
with foreign gold coin, at the rates which shall be established by law, or with 
a national silver coin at the rate of 170 silver dollars for 100 gold dollars. 

The silver in this way obtained shall be shipped to such foreign places as may 
afford more advantageius opportunities to sell it; and the proceeds of the sale 
shall be invested in gold bullion, which in its turn shall be coined either abroad 
or at Salvador. 

3. Auxiliary gold coins shall be coined only to the amount of $1,000,000. 
But gold coins inferior in value to 50 cents shall not exceed $500,000, These 
coins will be used mainly for the purpose of withdrawing the present silver coins 
from circulation. They will be exchanged for silver at the rate above fixed. 

4. To facilitate the conversion of the silver coins now in circulation into gold 
coins, the Government will make an allowance of 1 5 per cent on all payments 
to be made in the custom-houses during six month subsequent to this decree, 
when made in gold, provided, however, that the amount paid is not less than 
$100. 

5. The payment of all taxes and customs duties except the export duties on 
coffee shall be paid in gold or in the notes above created, at 70 per cent on the 
valuation or assessment, but during the first six months subsequent to the pro- 
mulgation of this decree maybe paid also in silver at 75 per cent discount. 

6. Drafts and bonds on the custom-houses shall continue to be received in 
payment at their face value, as if they were silver coins. 

7. During the same period of six months the Government will be authorized 
to pay all its expenses in silver coins or in gold, or notes. After the six months 
are elapsed the payments shall be in gold or its equivalent at the rate above 
fixed. 

8. The value of foreign gold coins in relation to the Salvadorean will be as 
follows : 

United States coins, 4 per cent premium; English, Spanish, or Mexican coins, 
1 per cent premium; French coins and all gold coins of the Latin Union (Italy, 
Belgium, Switzerland, and Greece) at par. German coins, 99 per cent, or l 
per cent discount. 



. 68 SALVADOR. 

9. Nothing in this decree shall be construed as to effect the obligations and 
contracts in existence. 

10. One year after the promulgation of this decree all values shall be fixed 
in gold. 

Such a radical change as is brought about by this law could not 
of course be carried out without some difficulty, and although the 
Government has strenuously endeavored to enforce it, it has so far 
been only partially successful and it will take some time to put it 
in full operation. 

BANKING. 

The banks of Salvador are the International, founded in August, 
1 8^0, with a capital of $ 1 ,800,000 (silver); the Occidental, founded 
in the city of Santa Ana in 1889, with a capital of $1,000,000 
(silver), which has also a branch in the city of San Salvador ; and 
the Salvadorefio, founded in 1892, with a capital of $1,000,000 
There is also the private bank of Messrs. B lanes & Trigueros, 
founded in 1835, whose capital is estimated at $1,500,000. In 
1893 ^^^ Bank of Nicaragua opened a branch office in the city of 
San Salvador and is now doing business under the same conditions 
as the other banks. These banks are all doing a good business 
and are paying large dividends. It is also reported that certain 
concessions and privileges have been granted by the Government 
to the firm of Linares & Co., of Barcelona, Spain, for the estab- 
lishment of a national bank in Salvador with a capital of 
^1,000,000 sterling (gold). Concessions were also granted in 
1892 for the establishment of a mortgage bank, but so far nothing 
has been done toward carrying them into effect. 

REVENUE AND PUBLIC DEBT. 

. Previous to the year 1887 considerable confusion existed in the 
financial affairs of the country, but on March 23 of that year a 
decree was issued creating a commission for the purpose of classi- 
fying and taking measures for the liquidation of the public debt. 



SALVADOR. 69 

The result was that in October, 1888, when the work was com- 
pleted, the internal debt was found to amount to $6,670,736,36, in 
addition to which there was a foreign debt of $1,000,000 which 
had been incurred on account of railroad concessions. 

Notwithstanding, great expenses incurred by the Government 
during the internal troubles in 1890 and the war with Guatemala, 
the internal debt had in 1891 been reduced to $5,496,400, and 
on the 1st of January, 1893, it was stated at $3,614,000. The 
foreign debt, which consists of a loan made in England, the pro- 
ceeds of which were used in railroad investments, at the beginning 
of 1892, amounted to $2,175,000, but on the 1st of January, 1893, 
had been reduce^ to $1,954,012. The value of the bonds on the 
London market had at the same period risen from 50 to 75 per 
cent. 

On the 13th of July, 1893, the Government published a project 
for an internal loan of $ 1,000,000 silver, offering to pay a premium 
of 10 per cent and interest at 12 per cent per annum, the bonds to 
be redeemable by a new tax of 10 cents on each bottle of rum sold 
in the country to the amount of one-half and the other half by 
10 per cent of the customs duties. 

Dollars. 

Revenue for 1892 6,895,702.65 

Expenditures ; 

For various branches of the administration 4, 052, 073. 12 

For reduction of debt, consolidated and floating, 

and payment of interest 2, 732, 456. 30 

6, 784, 529. 42 

Surplus Ill, 173. 23 



Chapter XL 



TRANSPORTATION, TELEGRAPHS, AND MAILS. 

Salvador has in operation a railroad extending from the seaport 
of Acajutla to La Ceiba or Colon, 53 miles in length. It connects 
the city of Sonsonate and the smaller towns of Armenia and Ateos 
with Acajutla, and only 8 miles are wanting to reach Santa Tecla 
(New San Salvador). The section between La Ceiba and Santa 
Tecla, which is now being constructed, is the most difficult on the 
whole line, on account of the character of the ground. The exca- 
vation of three tunnels and an outlay of $400,000 will be necessary 
to complete it to Santa Tecla, which will complete the connection 
between the city of San Salvador and Acajutla, as there has been 
for some time a horse railroad in operation between the capital and 
Santa Tecla, which has now been changed to a steam railroad of 
uniform gauge with the main line. The gauge of the road is 3 
feet and the weight of the rails 40 pounds per yard. The rails 
were imported from England, but the locomotives and rolling 
stock are from the United States. The Government owns the 
road, having purchased it from the builders for $1,460,000. The 
receipts for the year 1892 amounted to $i9i,55'8.5o, and the 
expenses to $138,876.14, leaving a net profit of $52,682.36. The 
facilities for landing at Acajutla are not good, in consequence of 
the smallness of the pier and wharf and the sTiallowness of the 
water. It is the intention of the Government to extend the rail- 
road about a mile westward, and will probably build a new pier 

70 




o 



SALVADOR. 71 

and wharf at Puerto Viejo, where there is deeper water. The 
wharf charges for use of the piers at Acajutla and La Libertad are 
as follows : ' 

Dollars. 

Packages of merchandise of all kinds per quintal . . o. 34 

Machiner}', lead, iron unmanufactured, steel, wheels, nails, tools, shovels, scales, 

axes, tin plate, iron safes, and hardware of all kinds per quintal. . . 25; 

Cacao, tea, matches, wax, paper, linseed oil, paints, sardines, earthenware, per- 
fumery, drugs, salt, cheese, hams and other provisions, cement, tar, cordage, 
barley, potatoes, corks, boilers, preserved provisions, and other small pack- 
ages per quintal . . .30 

Flour do 20 

Liquors of all kinds, oil, Florida water, and bottled beer, in cases, per 12 bottles. . 10 

Liquors of all kinds, in barrels do 08 

Liquors of all kinds, in jugs or demijohns, oil, in similar packages or in tins, 

per 12 bottles 20 

Furniture of all kinds per quintal , . .50 

Hats, of rush, felt, or straw do. ... i. 00 

Pianos each . . 6. 00 

Carriages : 

Four wheels do. ... 12. 00 

Two wheels do 

Horses do 

Fowls do 

Passengers do 

Baggage per quintal.. .25 

Cattle each . . i. 00 

Indigo per quintal. . . 40 

Tobacco do 16 

Balsam do 48 

Hides do 25 

Cotton do 25 

Coffee do 15 

Sugar : 

Brown do 08 

White do 12 

Rice, starch, corn, and beans do 06 

Rebozos (scarfs) do. . . . i. 00 

Mats and hats of palm leaf, and sarsaparilla do . . t .50 

Cigars do. ... .50 

India rubber do 20 

Water, ballast, and timber do 06 

Dyewoods do 06 

Wood for building do 06 

Coin per cent. . f 

Gold and silver bullion do. ... i 



8.00 

5- 00 

I. 00 

•50 



72 SALVADOR. 

Other articles, not mentioned, shall be classed with those to 
which they are most similar. 

A railroad is in course of construction, which will extend fi-om 
Ateos, where it connects with the Acajutla road, to the city of 
Santa Ana, a distance of about 39 miles, of which 13 miles has 
been completed, and the rails laid, leaving 26 miles upon which- 
work is steadily progressing. The Government is building this 
road and devotes to its construction a tax of 25 cents on each 
package, bale, or case of goods imported through the ports of 
Acajutla, La Libertad, and La Union. This tax produces about 
$30,000 per month. The gauge of the road and the weight of 
the rails are similar to those of the Acajutla railroad. 

Congress has recently granted a concession to build a tramway, 
6 miles in length, between the cities of Sonsonate and Izalco. It 
has also granted a concession to M. Armand Blanchard, a French 
engineer, for the construction ot a wharf at the port of La Union 
and a railway from thence to the city of San Miguel, a distance 
of 36 miles. By its terms, the Government guarantees to M. 
Blanchard, for forty-five years, 6 per cent interest on the cost of 
the wharf and railroad, estimated at the rate of $40,000, gold, 
per mile ; after ninety-nine years, the Government to become the 
owner of the wharf and road ; the rolling stock to be purchased 
according to mutual valuation. M. Blanchard can extend the 
road from San Miguel to San Salvador, if he chooses, the gauge 
of the road and weight of the rails to be similar to the Acajutla 
line. As M. Blanchard has also a concession from the Govern- 
ment of Honduras to build a railroad from Ampala to Teguci- 
galpa, the Congress of Salvador grants him the privilege of con- 
nepting the Salvador and Honduras lines by a branch to be built 
along the shore of the bay of La Union. 

A concession has also been granted for the construction of a 
railroad from the port of La Libertad to San Salvador. 

There are four steamship lines running regularly to the ports 



SALVADOR. 



73 



of Salvador, The Pacific Mail Steamship Company, The Kosmos, 
The Otis, and The North American Steamship Company. The 
Pacific Mail Company formerly received a subsidy of $24,000 
per annum, but by a recent contract that is reduced to $20,000, 
the company securing a reduction in the number of persons having 
a right to free passage. The passenger tariff from La Union to 
New York is now placed at $1 10, and from other ports $1 15, and 
to San Francisco $75 from any of the ports. Under this contract 
the steamers are to touch at the port of El Triumfo. To induce 
immigration, the Government offers to refund one-half of the pas- 
sage money to all immigrants presenting a printed or written con- 
tract with the Governrnxcnt or its agents, or a certificate of a consul 
of Salvador in which they agree to settle in the country. The 
Kosmos and Otis lines each receive from the Government $4,800 
per annum for carrying the mails. The contract with the North 
American Steamship Company of San Francisco grants exemp- 
tion from all port charges and taxes on their vessels touching at 
Salvadorean ports, in consideration of the said company carrying 
the mails without remuneration. 

The port charges at all the ports of Salvador are : Entry, $5 to 
$15; tonnage, 15 cents per ton. 



TELEGRAPHS. 



Within the past two years a considerable extension has taken 
place in the telegraph system; old lines have been thoroughly 
repaired and new ones constructed. During the year 1892, 108 
miles of wire have been added and 15 new offices established. 
The existing lines, as reported in June, 1893, aggregate 2,421 
miles. There were also on that date 321 miles of telephone lines. 
Comm.unication with the telegraph systems of the world is had by 
connection with the submarine cable at La Libertad. The net rev- 
enue derived from these sources in 1892, after payment of expenses, 
amounted to $375534-76, showing an increase of $ 1 2,878.32 over 
ihe preceding year. 



74 SALVADOR. 

MAILS. 

The Post-office Department is perfectly organized and is in 
excellent condition. Salvador entered the Universal Postal Union 
in 1879. In 1891 the mails carried 1,654,341 pieces, and in 1892 
the number increased to 1,781,589 pieces. On the 1st of July, 
1893, a convention went into operation which had been concluded 
between the United States and Salvador for the establishment of 
a postal money-order system between the two countries. A parcels 
post convention had previously been negotiated and concluded 
with the United States in June, 1889. ^^ ^^^^ contains many 
regulations, the knowledge of which will be useful to shippers, it 
is given in full in Appendix C. 



Appendix A. 



POLITICAL CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF SALVADOR, i8»6. 

Title I. — The Nation and the Form of Its Government. 

Article, i. The Salvadorian Nation is sovereien and independent and can 
never be the patrimony ot any family or person. 

The sovereignty is inalienable and cannot be lost by time. It is limited to 
what is honest, just, and useful to society. It is vested in the whole body of 
the Salvadorian people, ana no section of the country or group of individuals" 
can attribute it to themselves. 

Art. 2. All public power emanates from the people. The functionaries of 
the State are delegates of the people and have no more powers than those 
expressly given to them by law. It is by law that they legislate, exercise execu- 
tive functions, and act judicially; it is through it that obedience and respect is 
due to them ; and it is in accordance with its principles that they must give an 
account for their actions. 

Art. 3. The territory of Salvador has for its limits the following: On the 
east, the Gulf of Fonseca ; on the north, the Republics of Guatemala and Hon- 
duras ; on the west, the River Paz ; and on the south, the Pacific Ocean. The 
special demarcation of the boundary lines shall be made by law. 

Art. 4. The Government of the Salvadorian Nation is republican, demo- 
cratic, representative, and alternative. It is vested in three different powers 
independent ot each other, which shall be known as Legislative, Executive, and 
Judicial. f 

Title II. — Rights and Guaranties. 

Art. 5. No hereditary offices or privileges are recognized in the Republic. 

All property is transferable in the manner and form prescribed by the laws, 
and therefore all kinds of entailments or mortmain are prohibited. 

Art. 6. No taxes shall be levied unless by virtue of a law and for the public 
service. 

75 



76 



SALVADOR. 



Art. 7. All persons exercising any public office are directly and immediately 
responsible for the acts done by them in the exercise of their functions. The 
law shall fix the manner and form of enforcing this responsibility. 

Art. 8. Salvador recognizes that there are lights and duties anterior and 
superior to the positive laws, having liberty, equality, and fraternity as princi- 
ples, and family, labor, property, and public order as basis. 

Art. 9. All the inhabitants of Salvador have an indisputable right to preserve 
and defend their life, liberty, and property, and to dispose freely of their prop- 
erty in conformity with the law. 

Art. 10. Every man in the Republic is free. No one who enters its territory 
can be a slave, nor can any one dealing in slaves be a Salvadorian citizen. 

Art, 11. The Republic is a sacred asylum for all foreigners who may be 
willing to reside in its territory, unless when accused of common offenses and 
claimed by some nation in compliance with treaties in which extradition has 
been provided for. The extradition can not be allowed in any case against the 
natives of the country, nor in the case of foreigners for political offenses, even 
if a common crime has resulted from such offense. 

Art. 12. The free exercise of all religions, without any other restriction than 
morals or public order, is guarantied. No religious act shall serve to establish 
the civil status of a person. 

Ari. 13. All persons have the right to stay in whatever place they may deem 
advisable, to travel freely, to emigrate from the country, and to return to it 
without a passport, except in case of a final judicial sentence and without preju- 
dice to the provisions made in Article 28 of this Constitution. 

Art. 14. The inhabitants of Salvador can meet and associate with each other 
peacefully, and without arms, for any lawful purpose. 

Art. 15; No person can be compelled to do work or render personal service 
without just compensation and without his full consent, except in those cases 
of public necessity or utility. The law cannot authorize any act or contract 
having for its object the loss or the irrevocable sacrifice of human liberty, whether 
for labor purposes, ediilation, or religious vows. Neither can it authorize agree- 
ments by which a man covenants his own proscription or exile. 

Art. )6. Every person has the right to address petitions to the lawfully con- 
stituted authorities, provided that they are made in a decorous manner; also to 
have a decision made on the said petitions and to be informed of the action 
taken on the same. 

Art. 17. No person who has the free disposition or management of his prop- 
erty can be deprived, of the right to terminate his civil contentions by compro- 
mise or arbitration. As to those persons who have not the said free disposition 



SALVADOR, yy 

and manageinetit of their property, the law shall fix the cases and requisites in 
which said compromise and arbitration can be resorted to. 

Art. i8. Confiscation of property, whether as a penalty or in any other 
character, is forbidden. The authorities who may violate this provision shall 
answer at all times with their persons and property for the damages done. Con- 
fiscated property can not be acquired by adverse possession. 

Art. 19. The penalty of death shall not be applied except for very grave 
crimes, purely military, committed on the field, and designated by the military 
code; and also for the crimes of parricide, murder, arson, or larceny, if death 
supervenes. 

Penalties for life, flogging, and all kinds of torture are forbidden. 

Art. 20. No person can be deprived of his life, liberty, or property without 
being previously given a hearing and sentence in proper form, agreeable to law ; 
nor can anyone be subject to trial, civilly or criminally, \twice for the same 
cause. 

Art. 21. The searching ot the person can never be made, except for the pur- 
pose of preventing any offense from being committed, or in the course of an 
investigation. 

The domicile is inviolable and the invasion of it cannot be decreed unless for 
the purpose of investigating the circumstances and authors of criminal offenses, 
or in prosecution of the offenders, but this shall be done in the manner and form, 
and in the cases provided by law. 

Art. 22. No person shall be tried in any other jurisdiction than that in which 
the offense was committed, except in the cases provided by law, or in those in 
which the courts are authorized by law to designate some other jurisdiction. 

Art. 23. All men are equal before the law. 

Art. 24. The laws can not have any retroactive effect, except in criminal 
matters, and in case that the new law is favorable to the offender. 

Art. 25. No person can be tried except under laws passed previous to the 
commission of the offense, or by any court which has been previously estab- 
lished by the same law. 

Art. 26. The same judge can not take cognizance of ^he same case in differ- 
ent instances. 

Art. 27. No power or authority can ever assume jurisdiction over judicial 
cases still pending, neither can they reopen decided cases. 

Art. 28. Neither the Executive Power, nor the Judicial, nor any other author- 
ity whatever can issue orders of detention or imprisonment unless it is in con- 
formity with the law. Such orders shall always be in writing, except in criminal 
matters, when the offender is caught in the act, in which case he can be detained 
by any person to be immediately delivered to the respective authorities. The 



78 



SALVADOR. 



detention for the purpose of investigation shall not last longer than 48 hours, 
and the investigating judge is bound within said period either to decree the 
release of the detained person, or his provisional arrest. 

Art. 29. Every man can freely express, write, print, and publish his thoughts 
without previous examination , censorship, or bonds; but shall be responsible 
before the jury for any offense committed in that way. 

Art. 30. Correspondence by letter and telegraph is inviolable. Correspon- 
dence shall never be intercepted, nor can it be used as evidence in any kind of 
investigation. 

Art. 31. Property of whatever nature is inviolable. No person can be 
deprived of his property except for public use fully demonstrated, and upon 
previous indemnification. When the condemnation of the property is due to 
necessities of war the indemnification can not be previous. 

Art. 32. No permanent corporati-on, whether civil or ecclesiastic, whatever 
its character, denomination, or purpose may be, shall have legal capacity to 
hold real estate or manage it for its own use, except only when the property is 
destined immediately and directly to the service and purpose of the institution. 

Art. 33. Teaching is free. Primary instruction is compulsory. The instruc- 
tion given in the establishments supported by the State shall be laical and gratu- 
itous, and shall be subject to the proper regulations. 

Art. 34. All industries are free, and no monopoly to the profit of the Nation 
under the management of the Executive shall be established, except on brandies, 
saltpetre, and gunpowder. There will be no monopoly, or prohibition of any 
kind, under cover of protection to industry; but matters relative to the coining 
of money and the privileges granted for limited times, according to law, to inven- 
tors or authors of improvements in any industry, shall be excepted. 

Art. 35. The right of association is guaranteed, but the establishment of con- 
ventual congregation and all kinds of monastic institutions is forbidden. 

Art. 36. The right of insurrection shall produce in no case the abrogation 
of the lavvs, and its effects shall be confined to removing, as far as necessary, the 
personnel of the Goveaament and appointing pro tempore the new persons who 
must fill the places until the appointments are made in the regular form estab- 
lished by the Constitution. 

Art. 37. Every person has the right to_ ask and obtain protection (amparo) 
from the Supreme Court of Justice or- the Chamber of Second Instance, when- 
ever any authority or private individual restricts his personal liberty or the 
exercise of any individual rights guaranteed by the present Constitution. A 
special law shall regulate the manner and form of exercising this right. 

Art. 38. No one of the powers created by the present Constitution shall 
have authority to conclude or approve treaties or conventions by which the form 



SALVADOR. 79 

of government herein provided shall be in any way altered, or by which the 
integrity of the territory or the national sovereignty shall be abridged ; this to 
be understood without prejudice to the provisions made in article 151 of the 
present Constitution. 

Art. 39. Neither the Legislative nor the Executive power, nor any tribunal, 
authority, or person whatever shall have authority to abridge, alter, or violate 
the constitutional guaranties without becoming thereby liable to respond in the 
manner and form established by law. A law concerning a state of siege shall 
determine the guaranties which can be suspended and the cases in which the 
suspension can take place. 

Art. 40. The rights and guaranties enumerated in the present Constitution 
shall never be construed as a denial or refusal of other rights and guaranties not 
enumerated, but depending upon the principle of the sovereignty of the people 
and the republican form of government. 

Title III. — Salvadorians. 

Art. 41. Salvadorians are such either by birth gr by naturalization. 
Art. 42. The following persons are Salvadorians by birth : 

1. Those born in the territory of Salvador, except the children of aliens not 
naturalized. 

2. The legitimate children of an alien man and a Salvadorian woman born in 
the territory of Salvador, if within a year subsequent to the date in which they 
reach majority they fail to declare before the respective governor that they 
choose the nationality of their father; the legitimate children of a Salvadorian 
man and an alien woman, and the illegitimate children of a Salvadorian woman 
and an alien if they have been born in Salvador. 

3. The legitimate children of a Salvadorian man and the illegitimate of a 
Salvadorian woman, when born in a foreign country and not naturalized in it.« 

4. The descendants of children of aliens, or of an alien and a Salvadorian 
woman, if born in Salvador. 

Art. 43. Salvadorians by naturalization are those who, in accordance with 
the laws up to the present time enforced, have already acquired this quality, 
and those who in the future shall obtain the same according to the following 
rules : . 

1. The Hispano- Americans who obtain letters of naturalization from the 
respective departmental governor, but said governor shall grant these letters 
only upon evidence of good behavior on the part of the applicant. 

2. Aliens who apply for naturalization to the same authority and obtain it 
from him by proving good behavior and two years of residence in Salvador. 

3. All persons who obtain naturalization papers from the legislative body. 



8o SALVADOR. 

4. All persons who have acquired naturalization pursuant to article 48 of 
the present Constitution. 

Art. 44. All Central Americans who declare before the respective governor 
their desire to be Salvadorians shall be considered naturalized citizens of Salvador. 

Title IV. — Aliens. 

Art. 45. Aliens are strictly bound from the moment of their arrival in the 
territory of the Republic to respect the authorities and comply with the laws; 
and they also acquire at the same time the right to be protected. 

Art. 46. Neither Salvadorians nor aliens shall be entitled in any case to claim 
from the Government indemnity of any kind for damages and injuries done to 
their persons or property by factions, but their rights are left free to claim against 
the guilty officials or private persons. 

Art. 47. Aliens can acquire all kinds of property, but their property shall not 
be exempted from the ordinary or extraordinary burden which may be estab- 
lished by law upon the property of Salvadorians. 

Art. 48. An alien by the fact of his accepting a public office with salary, 
unless it is in the militia or in a branch of public instruction, abandons his 
nationality and becomes naturalized in Salvador. 

Art. 49. No international compact shall be entered into by which the provi- 
sions of the present title are in any way modified. 

Art. 50. Aliens shall be subject to a special law, to be enacted hereafter. 

Title V. — Citizenship. 

Art. 51. All Salvadorians over 18 years of age and those who have not 
reached that age but are married, or who have obtained some literary degree, 
are citizens. 

Art. 52. The rights of citizenship are suspended: 

1. By an order of arrest in criminal proceedings where no bail can be admitted. 

2. By notorious bad behavior. 

3. By mental derangement. 

4. By judicial injunctions. 

5. By the refusal to fulfill, without sufficient and just cause, a position of pop- 
ular election. The suspension in this tase shall continue during the whole 
period the said position ought to have been filled. 

6. By judicial sentence which so orders. 
Art. 53.. The rights of citizenship are lost: 

1. By convicts sentenced to suffer a penalty which carries with it the loss of 
citizenship. 



SALVADOR. 



81 



2. By those who have been convicted and sentenced for a grave offense. 

3. By those who have become naturalized in a foreign country. 

4. By those who, while residing in the Republic, accept offices from other 
nations without permission of the Legislative Power. 

5. By those who sell their vote in the elections. 

6. By those who, subscribing to acts or proclamations, or through other direct 
means, promote or assist in the reelection of the President of the Republic. 

7. By the functionaries who, while exercising public authority, civil or mili- 
tary, restrict the liberty of suff"rage. 

TiTi^ VI. — The Legislative Power. 

Art. 54. The Legislative Power is vested in a body called the National 
Assembly of Deputies. 

Art. 55. The Legislative body shall meet regularly, without the necessity of 
being called for that purpose, in the capital of the Republic, between the first 
and fifteenth of February of each year, but it shall meet in extra session when- 
ever called to that effect by the Executive Power, with the advice of the 
Council of Ministers. The Assembly may hold its sessions in any other place 
whenever it may so resolve. 

Art. 56. The number of its ordinary sessions shall not exceed forty, and the /% 
number of extraordinary ones shall be such as may be required to dispose of the 
subjects within its jurisdiction submitted to it by the Executive. 

Art. 57. Three representatives assembled in a preparatory committee have 
the power to take immediately all the steps necessary to secure the full attend- 
ance of the other members of the Assembly. 

Art. 58. A majority of the members of the Assembly shall be sufficient to 
deliberate, but no decision can be reached when less than two-thirds of the 
members are present, if two-thirds of the present ones do not consent to it. 

Art. 59. The members of the Assembly shall be renewed every year, but .^v 
they can be reelected. 

Art. 60. No Deputy shall be elected who is not over twenty-five years of ■ 
age, a Salvadorian citizen, a man of recognized honesty and instruction, whose 
rights of citizenship have not been lost during the period of five years previous 
to the election, and a native or resident of the department which elects him. 

Art. 61. No contractor of public works or services of any class paid or sup- 
ported out of funds of the Government, and no person who has any personal 
interest claim arising out of said contracts, can be elected Deputy. Nor can the 
official salaried employes appointed by the Executive be elected deputies until 
the expiration of six months to be counted from the day their position was 
vacated. 

BulL 58 6 



82 SALVAVOR. 

/\ Art. 62. Alternate deputies require the same qualifications as the regular ones. 

Art. 63. Deputies cannot be appointed for any office during the time of their 
term of service, except in case they are called to form part of the cabinet, or to 
be diplomatic representatives of the country, or when the office has no salary. 

Art. 64. The representatives of the Nation are inviolable. Consequently 
no Deputy shall be held responsible at any time for his opinions expressed ver- 
bally or in writing. 

Art. 65. No civil proceeding of any kind shall be initiated or prosecuted 
against the representatives of the Nation from the day of their election until the 
expiration of 15 days to be counted from the adjournment of the Legislative 
Power. 

If any representative commits a grave oifense between the day of the election 
and the day of adjournment, he shall be tried by the Assembly for the sole pur- 
pose of expelling him if guilty, and submitting him then to the ordinary courts. 

If the offense is not grave, but is a simple misdemeanor, committed during 
the same period, the representative shall be tried by the competent court; but 
he can ndt be detained or arrested or summoned to testify until after the adjourn- 
ment. 

If the offense committed by the representative is grave, but anterior to the 
date of the election, the Assembly shall have the power, upon the proper inves- 
tigation of the fact, to annul the election and submit the guilty party to the 
competent courts. 

If, during the time of the sessions, a representative is caught in the act of 
committing a crime or offense, any private person or authority shall have the 
power to detain him and place him, within 24 hours, at the disposal of the 
Assembly. 

Art. 66. The provisions of the two preceding articles are equally applicable 
to the constitutional conventions. 

Art. 67. The following corresponds to the National Assembly : 

1. To be thd judge of the election of its own members, and accept or reject 
their credentials. 

2. To admit the resignations of their members made or tendered upon reasons 
lawfully provided. 

3. To enforce against them a proper responsibility in the cases provided for 
by the present Constitution. 

4. To call the altfernate deputies to replace the regular ones in case of death, 
resignation, or inability of the latter. 

5. To make rules for its interior government. 

Art. 68. The following are the duties of the Legislative Power: 



SALVADOR. 83 

1. To open and close its sessions, and agree to the terms in which the message 
of the President of the Republic is to be answered. 

2. To open the envelopes containing the votes for President and Vice-Presi- 
dent of the Republic, and to count the said votes by means of a committee of 
its members. 

3. To declare the election of the said functionaries upon the report of the 
committee, said committee to be required to express also whether the persons 
elected have or have not the qualifications required by law. 

4. To give the President and Vice-President of the Republic possession of 
iheir offices; to administer to them the constitutional oath of office; to take 
cognizance of their resignation and to grant or refuse them leaves of absence. 

5. To elect by popular vote the justices of the Supreme Court of Justice and 
the comptrollers of the Treasury ; to administer to them the constitutional oath 
of office, and to take cognizance of their resignation. 

6. To receive and examine the report and documents to be submitted to it 
by the Executive through the respective ministers, in pursuance of clause 25 of 
the present article. 

7. To designate three persons who shall exercise the Executive Power in the 
cases established' by the present Constitution, provided that said persons shall 
have the same qualifications as are required to be President of the Republic. 
The designation herein spoken of may be made in favor of members of Congress. 

8. To decide in cases of doubt, or in regard to information given to it about 
the inability of the President or Vice-President of the Republic, and of the 
election of officers of the same Assembly to fulfill their positions. 

9. To enact, interpret, amend, and repeal secondary laws. 

10. To establish territorial jurisdictions and place at the head thereof the 
proper functionaries, who, in the name of the Republic, shall take cognizance 
of all classes of cases and causes, civil or criminal, try them, and settle them by 
sentence. 

11. To define the powers and jurisdiction of the different functionaries. 

12. To levy taxes and imposts on all classes of property and revenues, this to 
be done in due proportion if the taxes or imposts are direct ; and in cases of invasion 
or war legally declared, to decree forced loans in the same proportion,if the ordi- 
nary public revenue is not sufficient, or if no voluntary loan can be obtained. 

13. To authorize the Executive Power to contract voluntary loans, either at 
home or abroad, when a grave and urgent necessity may demand it. The loans 
contracted in compliance with this article shall be submitted to the approval of 
the Legislative Power. 

14. To make annually the proper appropriation to meet the expenses of the 
Government; but the disbursement of the public revenue shall be made in such 



84 SALVADOR. 

a way as to give preference to public instruction, the administration of justice, 
and to the police. 

15. To grant, upon due examination of the services rendered, the rank of 
lieutenant-colonel and others superior to it. 

16. To fix the coat-of-arms and the flag of the Republic. 

17. To establish the fineness, weight, and type of the national coin, and to 
regulate the weights and measures. 

18. To grant to persons or towns titles, honors, and rewards compatible with 
the established system of government for great services rendered to the country. • 

19. To fix, increase, or decrease the amount of the salaries to be paid to the 
employees or functionaries, and to create and abolish offices. But the decrees 
increasing the salaries of the Supreme, Legislative, and Executive Power shall not 
go into effect until the next period. 

20. To grant rewards or privileges for a certain time to the authors of useful 
inventions, or to those who introduce in the country some industry of general 
utility or who make improvements on the same. 

21. To decree the existence of a state of war upon the evidence submitted to 
it by the Executive Power. 

22. To grant amnesties and pardons, but the latter shall not be issued except 
upon report and favorable recommendation from the Supreme Court of Justice. 

23. To declare by decree a state of siege in the cases and for the causes which 
a law of constitutional character shall fix, the said siege to be raised when pro- 
vided by' the same law. 

24. To restore the rights of citizenship to those who have lost it. 

25. To approve or disapprove the acts of the Executive. 

26. To enact laws in acknowledgment of the national debt and to create and 
appropriate such funds as may be required for its payment. 

27. To grant or refuse Salvadorians the permission to accept offices from other 
nations if compatible with the system of government of Salvador. 

28. To grant or refuse naturalization to aliens who may request it. 

29. To ratify, amend, or reject the treaties or conventions entered into by 
the Executive with other nations ; but no treaty or convention which in any 
way restricts or affects the exercise of the right of insurrection, or which violates 
any constitutional provision shall ever be ratified. 

30. To allow or disallow the transit of troops of other countries through the 
territory of the Republic. 

31. To try cases of impeachment of the officials of superior rank in the manner 
and form provided by Title XIII of the present Constitution. 

Art. 6g. When the National Assembly meets in extra session it shall deal with 



SALVADOR. 85' 

no other subjects than those over which it has competent jurisdiction and which 
have been submitted to it by the Executive. 

Art. 70. No faculty of the National Assembly can be delegated, except the 
one of giving possession of their respective offices to the President and Vice- 
President of the Republic, the justices of the Supreme Court, and the Comp- 
trollers of the Treasury. The decrees or resolutions passed in violation of this 
article shall be null and void, notwithstanding any reason on which they may 
be founded; and the violaters of this article shall be subject to the responsibility 
which the present Constitution shall provide. 

Art. 71. The initiative of legislation belongs exclusively to the Deputies, 
the President of the Republic, through his ministers, and the Supreme Court of 
Justice. 

Art. 72. All bills, after having been discussed and passed, shall be transmitted 
for approval to the Executive Power, who shall give his sanction to it and shall 
cause it to be published . as law, if he has no objection to it. The Executive 
Power can not make any remarks or refuse his approval to the resolutions of the 
National Assembly when passed in the exercise of the powers granted to it in 
article 67 ahd in clauses 3, 5, 7, 8, 25, and 31 of article 68 of the present Con- 
stitution. 

Art. 73. When the Executive shall find it unadvisable to approve the bills 
passed by the Assembly and submitted to him, he shall return them to the 
Assembly within the period of eight days with a statement of his reasons for 
refusing his approval; but if within the period above mentioned, the Executive 
does not return the bills, the latter shall be taken and considered as approved, 
and shall be published as laws by the Executive. In case that a bill is returned, 
the Assembly shall discuss it again, and if ratified by a two-thirds vote, it shall 
be sent to the Executive, who shall have to consider it as , law, approve, and 
publish it. 

When the Assembly passes a law during the last days of its session, and the 
Executive has not the full legal time during which he can return it with his 
objections, the Executive shall be bound to give immediate information of the 
fact to the Assembly, in order that it may remain in session until the expiration 
of the time above mentioned. If he should fail to do so, the bill shall be con- 
sidered as approved. 

Art. 74. No bill rejected or not ratified can be introduced again during the 
same session of the Assembly, but the introduction of the same shall be per- 
mitted in the following session. 

Art. 75. All bills passed shall be engrossed in triplicate, each copy to be signed 
by the President and Secretaries of the Assembly. One copy shall.be left on 
file and the other two shall be forwarded to the Executive. 



86 SALVADOR. 

Art. 76. Upon the receipt by the Executive of the said two copies, if no 
objection to the bill is found, his signature shall be affixed to both copies. One 
shall be left on file and the other shall be returned to the Assembly. The Exec- 
utive shall publish the approved bill within 8 days. 

Art. ']']. The same formalities provided for the enactment and approval of 
the laws shall be followed for the purpose of interpreting, amending, or repeal- 
ing their provisions. 

Art. 78. No law shall be binding except upon its having been solemnly pro- 
mulgated. In order to give binding force to a law of permanent character a 
lapse of 12 days after its promulgation shall be required. The provisions of 
the present article are not applicable to the laws making appointments or declar- 
ing the result ot elections. 

Art. 79. No bill which has not been introduced in the Assembly by the 
Supreme Court of Justice, but deals with matters tending to reform or repeal 
any provision contained in the codes of the Republic, shall be discussed without 
listening to the opinion of the said Supreme Court, and this opinion shall be 
given either during the same session of the Assembly or in the following year, 
as the importance, urgency, or scope of the bill may demand. This provision 
is not applicable to the laws concerning political, economical, or Executive order. 

Title VII. — The Executive Power. 

Art. 80. The Executive Power shall be vested in a citizen who shah Have the 
title of President of the Republic, and shall be assisted by the respective minis- 
ters. He shall be elected by the Salvadorian people; but. when not elected 
by an absolute majority of votes, he shall be elected by nominal vote of the 
Assembly, which shall choose him out of the three citizens who have obtained 
the largest number of votes. 

Art. 81. There shall be a Vice-President elected in the same manner and 
form as the President, and he will fill his place in case of death, resignation, 
removal, or any other impediment. When there is no Vice-President the Exec- 
utive Power shall devolve on one of the three designados * in the order in which 
they have been appointed. If the legislative power is in session and the appoint- 
ment of the said designados has become inoperative, the Assembly shall make 
the election. 

Art. 82. The term of office of the President shall be four years. A citizen 
who has been President of the Republic can not be reelected or elected Vice- 
President antil after the expiration of a second period of four years. The 

*The designados are the candidates who have obtained the highest number of votes, 
respectively. 



SALVADOR. 



87 



Presidential term shall begin and end on the first of March of the respective 
year. The President shall not have power to act one day longer. 

The citizen who has acted as constitutional President during the last six 
months of the period mentioned in the preceding clause can not be elected to 
be President for the following period. 

Art. 83. To be President or Vice-President of the Republic it shall be required 
to be a Salvadorian by birth, a layman, over 30 years of age, in full possession 
of the rights of citizenship, without having lost the same during the five years 
preceding the election, and a person of well-known honesty and learning. 

Art. 84. The citizen who fills the position of President of the Republic shall 
be also the commandant-general of the army. 

Art. 85. For the transaction of public business there shall be at the most 
four ministers or secretaries of state, among whom the President of the Republic 
shall distribute, at his discretion, the different branches of the Governm^t. 

Art. 86. To be Secretary of State, it shall be required to be a native and a 
resident of the Republic, over twenty-five years of age, of well-known honesty 
and aptitude, in possession of his rights of citizenship without having lost them 
during the period of five years previous to his appointment, not a contractor 
of public works or services, and not a claimant in his own name against the 
Government. 

Citizens of the other Republics of Central America having the qualifications 
required in the foregoing paragraph, who have been residents of Salvador during 
five years, can also be appointed ministers. The position of Minister or Secre- 
tary of State is incompatible with all others. 

Art. 87. All decrees, decisions, orders, and rules made by the President of 
the Republic shall be authorized and communicated by the respective ministers 
or secretaries, or, in their absence, by the assistant secretaries, who shall have the 
same qualifications as are required of the secretaries. Those which have not 
been authorized and communicated in this way shall not be obeyed. 

Art. 88. The ministers shall attend the sessions of the Assembly whenever 
they may be called to do so, and they shall answer the interpellations which 
may be made to them; but they shall withdraw before the vote is taken. 

Art. 89. The President of the Republic and his secretaries or assistant sec- 
retaries are jointly responsible for the acts authorized by them. The secretaries 
and assistant secretaries shall not be exempted from a responsibility by having 
saved their own vote. 

Art. 90. The duties of the Executive Power are as follows: 

1. To preserve the sovereignty and independence of the Republic and the 
integrity of its territory. 

2. To preserve peace in the Republic. 



88 SALVADOR. 

3. To publish the laws and cause them to be enforced. 

4. To submit to the legislative body through his respective ministers, within 
eight days subsequent to the opening of its session, a full report of the acts of 
his administration during the last year, and also an estimate of the expenses to 
run the Government during the next year, together with the proper suggestions 
as to the manner of meeting said expenses. If, within the period just named, 
the respective minister has not complied with the duty herein referred to, the 
said minister shall become, by the same act, suspended from his office, and the 
Executive shall be notified immediately in order that he may within the next 
eight days and through another minister, appointed for that purpose, submit the 
report and estimates above named; and if this is not done the President of the 
Republic shall then be suspended also, and the functions of the Executive Power 
shall devolve upon the person called to it by the present constitution, and said 
person shall then submit the report and estimates within twenty days. In this 
case the Legislative Power may extend the time of their sessions for an equal 
period. 

5. To give the Assembly all the information it may desire; but if the matter 
about which information is asked is secret, he shall explain this fact. If the 
Assembly in spite of this explanation deems it necessary to know the facts, the 
Executive Power shall be bound to, furnish the informntion, except where it 
relates to plans of war or political negotiations, in which secrecy is indispensable. 
But if the required information is to be used for the purpose of impeaching him, 
he can not, refuse it on any grounds. Neither can he reserve any document after 
he has been impeached before the Assembly. 

6. To give the funcjionaries of the judicial power all the assistance necessary 
to enforce their decisions. 

Art. 91. The faculties of the Executive Power are the following: 

1. To appoint and remove the secretaries of state, the governors of a depart- 
ment, the officers ot the army, and all the executive officers whose appointment 
is not reserved to some other authority, but who are elected by the people; and 
to accept their resignation. 

2. To organize the army ot the Republic, and to grant military ranks up to 
and including the rank of captain. 

3. To conduct the foreign relations of the Republic, to appoint and remove 
the diplomatic ministers and agents of all classes, and the consuls and consular 
agents, and to receive the ministers of other nations. 

4. To call, with the advice of the Council of Ministers, the members of the 
Assembly to. meet in extra session whenever the great interests of the nation 
may demand it, and in this case the alternates shall be called to replace the 
members of the Assembly who may have died or are legally unable to attend. 



SALVADOR. 



89 



.5. To designate before the reunion of the legislative power the place where 
the meetings must be held, if the place designated by law for this purpose does 
not offer the conditions of safety or freedom of action which are required. 

6. To conduct war and make peace, submitting immediately to the ratifica- 
tion of the legislative power the treaty entered into for the latter purpose. 

7. To conclude treaties and all other diplomatic negotiations and submit them 
to the ratification of the Assembly. 

8. To call to the service such force additional to the standing army as may 
be required to repel invasion or put down rebellion. 

9. To designate those ports which shall be of entry, to close them to foreign 
commerce, to establish custom-houses, and to nationalize and register vessels. 

10. To grant commutations of penalties upon report; and favorable recom- 
mendation of the Supreme Court of Justice. 

11. To return, with his remarks, any bill which may be transmitted to him 
by the Legislative Power, in pursuance of article 72 of the present constitution. 

1 2. To make rules and regulations and issue decrees and orders for the pur- 
pose of facilitating and securing the execution of the laws, and make also rules 
for its interior government. 

13. To promote public instruction in all the branches of human knowledge 
by making the proper provisions and following the proper methods. 

14. To decree the construction and improvement of roads and other ways 
of communication; but the contracts made for the construction of wharves, 
railroads, and canals shall have no effect until they are approved by the Legisla- 
tive Power. 

15. To restore, during the recess of the Legislative Power, the rights of citi- 
zenship to those who have lost them ; but in no case shall he have power to do 
so in regard to employees appointed by him who have lost the rights of citizen- 
ship in consequence of an offence committed in the exercise of their functions, 

16. To decree, with the advice of the Council of Ministers, during the recess 
of the Legislative Power, a state of siege. In this case he shall be bound to report 
this fact to the Legislative Power "at its next meeting, explain the causes which 
induced him to do so, and report the action taken by him in consequence thereof 
in the exercise of the faculties gran ted. him by law in such cases. The undue 
continuation of a state of siege constitutes a crime of lesa nacion (treason to 
the nation). 

17. To use, during the recess of the Assembly, the powers given to the latter 
in clauses 27 and 28 of article 68 of the present constitution. But he shall 
be bound to report his action to- the same assembly during the extraordinary 
session. 



90 SALVADOR. 

Art. 92. The President is forbidden to leave the territory of the Republic 
without permission of the Legislative Power, unless when required by the neces- 
sities of war; but in both cases he shall have to deposit the supreme command 
in the person designated by law. 

Art. 93. All decrees, orders, and decisions made by the Executive Power in 
excess of the faculties given him by the present constitution shall be null and 
shall not be obeyed even if issued with the intention so expressed of submitting 
them thereafter to the Legislative Power for approval. 

Title VIII. — The Judicial Foicer. 

Art. 94. The Judicial Power shall be vested in a Supreme Court of Justice, 
in Chambers of Third and Second Instance, and in all other tribunals and infe- 
rior courts established by the present Constitution. 

Art. 95. There shall be in the capital of the Republic a Chamber of Third 
Instance, consisting of three justices, and there shall be furthermore two Cham- 
bers of Second Instance, consisting each of two justices. The Chamber of Third 
Instance shall be presided over by a Chief Justice, and the other two chambers 
shall have for their president the justice elected by them for that purpose. These 
three chambers, united and presided over by the Chief Justice, shall form the 
Supreme Court of Justice. In this tribunal the majority of votes of its members 
shall be sufficient to make a valid decision, and in case of equal vote the Chief 
Justice shall decide. The functions of the Chief Justice are : To preside over 
the sessions of the tribunal, to conduct the ordinary proceedings of the cases 
subject to its iurisdiction, and to exercise all other powers and faculties estab- 
lished by the judiciary act. In the absence or inability of the Chief Justice, his 
position shall be filled by the justices in the order of their appointment. In the 
cases pending in the Third Instance, the proceedings shall be conducted by the 
first justice, and in his absence bv the second. 

Art. 96. -JFne Chamber of Second Instance, consisting of two justices, shall 
be established and sit in the city of San Miguel. Another of the same kind 
shall be established and sit in the city of Santa Ana, and a further one in 
Cojutepeque. The justices first elected for each one of these chambers shall 
act as president thereof. When the Legislative Power may deem it advisable, 
one of the chambers of Second Instance established at the capital shall be trans- 
ferred to the department of San Vicente. 

Art. 97. There shall be ten alternate justices, four to serve in the Chambers 
of the capital and two for each one of the other Chambers, and they shall enter 
on the exercise of their functions indiscriminately whenever they may be called 
to do so under the law. 



SALVADOR. 91 

Art. 98. To be a justice or ah alternate the following qualifications are 
required : 

1. To be a native-born citizen of the Republic or a Central American, natu- 
ralized in it. 

2. To be in the full enjoyment of the rights of citizenship without having 
lost the same during the five years preceding the election. 

3. To be over 30 years of age. 

4. To be a lawyer of the Republic. 

5. To be a person of well-known learning and honesty. 

6. To have practiced law for four years in Salvador or served as judge of 
First Instance in the Republic for two years. 

Notwithstanding the provision contained in clause 1 of this article, aliens 
naturalized in Salvador may be appointed justices if they have made their law 
studies in the Republic and have all the other qualifications required by this 
article. 

Art. 99. No person can be appointed justice of the Supreme Court or of one 
chamber if he is a relative within the fourth civil degree of consanguinity, 
whether legitimate or illegitimate, or the second degree of legitimate affinity, of 
another member of the same tribunal. 

Art. 100. The justices and their alternates shall serve for two years, but they 
may be reelected. 

Art. 101. The Chamber of Third Instance shall take cognizance of all the 
cases which, according to law, fall under its jurisdiction. 

The Chambers of Second Instance shall take cognizance on appeal of all 
civil and criminal cases wherein a sentence has been passed by the judge of First- 
Instance, and furthermore of ' all the other cases falling under their respective 
jurisdiction, which shall be circumscribed in the following way : The Chamber 
of the Western Section shall take cognizance of the cases belonging to the 
department of Santa Ana, Sonsonate, and Ahuachapan; that of the First Section 
of the Center shall have the department of San Salvador and Chalatenango; 
that of the Second Section of the Center shall have the departments of La Liber- 
tad and La Paz; that of the Third Section shall have the departments of Cuz- 
catlan. Cabanas, and San Vicente; and that of the Eastern Section shall have 
the departments of San Miguel, Gotera, La Uni6n, and Usulutan. 

In case that new departments or districts are established, the Legislative 
Power shall designate the court under whose respective jurisdiction they are to 
be placed. 

Art. 102. The powers of the Supreme Court are the following: 

1. To make rules for its interior government and for the government of the 
Chambers of Second and Third Instance. 



92 SALVADOR. 

2. To appoint the judge who has to takecognizance of matters affecting the 
Treasury, the justices of First Instance, the Attorney-General, the District 
Attorneys, the Solicitors for the Poor in the capital, and all subaltern officers 
of the court; to receive their resignations and act upon them, and to grant 
leaves of absence. 

3. To make visits ot inspection, by means oi one of its justices, to all tribu- 
nals and courts, in order to correct anv irregularity v/hich may be found to 
exist in the administration of justice. 

4. To make use of its right to initiate legislation by addressing directly to 
the Legislative Power, and setting forth the objections which may exist against 
any law or the obstacles which have been found to its proper execution, and 
suggesting the reforms which, in its opinion, must be made, 

5. To exercise the functions entrusted to it by the present Constitution in 
the Title called "Responsibility of the Public Functionaries." 

6. To admit students to the practice of law and to debar for cause those 
lawyers already admitted, temporarily or permanently, for prior fraud, unpro- 
fessional behavior, or notorious immoral conduct. The same power shall be 
exercised in regard to the functionaries called escribanos publicos. 

7. To appoint associate judges in the cases provided by law. 

8. To take cognizance of all prize cases and of all others not specially reserved 
to some other authority. 

9. To decide questions of jurisdiction which may arise between the tribunals 
or courts of all kinds. 

10. To watch incessantly that justice is promptly and faithfully administered. 

1 1. To grant and enforce the writ o'i aviparo, established by article 37 of the 
present Constitution, in such cases and in such manner as provided by law. 

12. To administer either directly, or by means of the functionaries delegated 
by it for that purpose, the constitutional oath or affirmation to be taken by the 
judges of First Instance and by the other employees appointed by it in taking 
possession ot their offices, and also to the assistant judges appointed to form or 
complete a tribunal in the cases established by law. 

13. To prepare and submit to the Legislative Body the annual estimate of the 
expenses of the administration of justice. 

All other powers of the Supreme Court of Justice shall be established by law. 

Art. 103. The powers set forth in clauses 9, 10, 11, and 12 of the preceding 
article shall belong also to the Chambers of Second Instance which do not sit in 
the capita], and said Chambers shall have the further power of appointing the 
respective District Attorney, the Solicitor for the Poor, the Physicians to do 
service in legal cases, and the employees of their own offices. They shall also 
listen to the accusations and informations made against the functionaries in 



SALVADOR. 



93 



regard to whom the Supreme Court has the power to decide whether they must 
or must not be submitted to trial; but the Chambers herein referred to shall 
confine their action to make the proper investigation and submit the record 
thereof to the Supreme Court. 

Art. 104. The power to make judicial decisions and enforce them belongs 
exclusively to the Chambers of Second and Third Instance and to the inferior 
courts. 

Art. 105. There shall be judges of First Instance, regular and alternate, who 
shall take cognizance of and give decisions in all civil and criminal cases in all 
the chief towns of the departments. The Supreme Court of Justice, acting in 
accord with the Executive, shall also have the power to establish these courts of 
First Instance in the chief town of the district if such is deemed advisable to 
facilitate the good administration of justice. The judges of First Instance shall 
be appointed for two ye^rs and can be reelected. 

Art. 106. To be a judge of First Instance it shall be required: To be a citi- 
zen in the full exercise of his rights as such, and a resident for two years of Sal- 
vador, a lawyer of the Republic, over twenty-one years of age, a man of well- 
known honesty and learning, and not to have lost the rights of citizenship dur- 
ing the two years preceding his appointment. 

Art. 107. The Supreme Court of Justice, acting in accord with the Execu- 
tive, shall establish, whenever deemed necessary, in the chief towns of the depart- 
ments or of the districts, judges of First Instance, who shall take cognizance sep- 
arately of civil and criminal cases. 

Art. 108. There shall be a jury in all places having a judge of First Instance, 
and that jury shall be called to convene in all cases of criminal offences which, 
according to law, fall under its jurisdiction. A special law shall be enacted 
making the necessary provisions in regard to this institution. 

Art. 109. There shall be justices of the peace in all the towns of the Repub- 
lic; their number, election, qualification, and power shall be fixed by law. 

Art. 1 10. The positions of justice of a court, and of judge of First Instance 
are incompatible with any other salaried office under the Executive or the Legisla- 
tive Powers. This provision is not applicable to the alternate' justices or judges 
when not exercising judicial functions ; but if they accept some office incompat- 
ible with the said functions, their appointment as alternate justice shall, by the 
same act, be forfeited. 

Title IX. — The Departmental and Local Government. 

Art. 111. For the purposes of political administration, the territory of the 
Republic shall be divided into departments, whose number and limits shall be 



94 



SALVADOR. 



fixed by law. Each one of these departments shall have a governor and an 
alternate governor, both of them appointed by the Executive. 

Art. 1 12. To be a governor or his alternate, the following qualifications are 
required : To be a citizen in the exercise of his rights as such, without having 
lost said rights during the two years preceding the appointment ; to be over 
twenty-five years of age ; and to be a person of competent learning and integ- 
rity. 

Art. 113. The local government of the towns shall be vested in the munici- 
pal bodies elected directly by the citizens residing therein. Each municipal 
body shall consist of one Alcalde, one Syndic, and two or more aldermen, the 
number of the latter to be fixed according to the population, as may be estab- 
lished by law. 

Art. 1 14. The municipal councils shall manage their own funds to the benefit 
of the community, and shall render an account of their. management to the tri- 
bunal established by law. 

Art. 115. The powers of the municipal bodies, which shall be purely eco- 
nomical and executive, and the qualifications required to be elected members of 
the same, shall be determined by law. 

Art. 116. In addition to the faculties vested by law in the municipal bodies 
in general, the special power of commuting sentences passed upon persons con- 
victed of misdemeanors, shall be granted to the municipal bodies established in 
the chief towns. 

Art. 1 17. The municipal bodies shall be entirely independent in the exercise 
of their functions, but they shall be held responsible for their actions either as 
corporations or individuals, as the case may be. The subaltern employes of the 
municipal bodies shall be appointed by them without intervention of any other 
authority. 

Art. 118. The power to appoint and remove members of the police, which 
shall be a civil body, shall belong to the municipal bodies; but in the capital of 
the Republic this power shall be exercised by the Executive, who shall have the 
supreme direction of this branch of the service. A law of secondary character 
shall regulate the institution. 

/ Title X. — The Elections. 

Art. 119. The President of the Republic, the Vice-President, and the Dep- 
uties shall be elected by the people directly. 

Art, 120. In these elections all the citizens shall have a direct vote. 

Art. 121. The right of suffrage can not be given up and its exercise is oblig- 
atory. 



SALVADOR. 95 

Art. 122. The right of suffrage shall be exercised by all the Salvadorean cit- 
izens. The exercise of this right shall be regulated by law. 

Art. 123. The basis of the electoral system is the population, and until a 
correct census is taken the present political division of the Republic into depart- 
ments, districts, and cantons shall prevail. 

Art. 124. Each department shall elect three deputies and two alternates, but 
when the census spoken of in the preceding article is taken then there shall be a 
deputy and an alternate for each \ 5,000 inhabitants. 

Art. 1 25. No minister of any religion whatever shall be elected for any posi- 
tion to be given by popular vote. 

Art. 126. A special law shall regulate the matter of elections. 

Title XI. — The National Treasury. 

Art. 127. The public Treasury of the Nation is formed as follows: 

1. By its whole property, real and personal. 

2. By all the debts due it. 

3. By the duties, taxes, and imposts paid and to be paid in the future by 
Salvadorians and aliens. 

Art. 128. For the management of the public moneys there shall be a general 
Treasury, which shall collect and disburse the funds, and a Superior Tribunal 
of Accounts or Board of Comptrollers, which shall examine and pass all the 
accounts given by those who manage public moneys. 

Art. 1 29. The general Treasury shall publish every month the condition of 
the funds managed by it, and the Comptroller's office shall publish annually a 
general statement of all the revenue. 

Art. 130. No sum can be taken out of the Treasury or be paid or adjudi- 
cated unless the disbursement is previously authorized by law. The law shall 
fix the revenue and the expenses of the Nation. No disbursement made against 
the provisions of this Constitution shall render the officer who made it respon- 
sible for it, said responsibility to be shared also by the one who executed the 
order, if he does not succeed in proving himself not guilty. 

Art. 131. The Executive shall have no power to enter into cc^ntracts involving 
responsibility on the part of the national funds without previously publishing in 
the official paper the proposal received to that effect, said proposal to be disposed 
(.»f at public auction. The contracts made to meet some necessity of war, and 
those which, by their own nature, can not be made except with certain persons, 
are excepted from the operatio,n of this prohibition. 



96 SALVADOR. 

Title XII.— 7"/;.^ Armed Force. 

Art. 132. The armed force is established for the preservation of the integrity 
of the Salvadorean territory, to preserve and defend the national autonomy, to 
enforce the law, to preserve public order, and to cause the constitutional guar- 
anties to be a fact. 

Art. 133. The armed force is essentially obedient, and it has not the power 
to deliberate in matters of military service. 

Art. 134. In case of war all able-bodied Salvadorians from 18 to 50 years of 
age are soldiers. 

Art. 135. The army of the Republic shall consist of the standing regular 
army, of the militia, and of the national navy. Each town shall contribute to 
its formation in proportion to the number of its inhabitants. 

Xhe designation of the men who must compose the army shall be made by lot. 
The standing army in time of peace shall be fixed every year by the legislature, 
and shall be limited to what is strictly necessary to protect the ports, places, and 
warehouses of war. 

Art. 136.' The privileges involved in what is called d fuero de guerra shall 
belong only to those individuals of the army of the Republic who are in actual 
service, and only in criminal cases for offences purely military. Attractive juris- 
diction is hereby abolished. 

The selection of the members of the council of war established by military 
law shall be made by lot from the officers free to do service according to law. 

Art. 137. The proper appeals and legal remedies from or against the decisions 
of the councils of war shall be taken to the Commandant-General of the Republic, 
or to the respective superior officer in the field. 

Title XIII. — The Responsibility of the Public Functionaries. 

Art. 138. Every functionary, whether civil or military, shall, in taking posses- 
sion of his office, take an oath or affirmation upon his word of honor to be 
faithful to the Republic, to comply with the constitution and cause it to be com- 
plied with, and to abide by its provisions in spite of any law, decree, order, Or 
resolution to the contrary, and shall promise also to comply faithfully with the 
duties of his office for the violation of which he shall be held responsible with his 
person and property. 

Art. 139. The President of the Republic or the Acting President, the jus- 
tices and ministers or secretaries of state, and the assistant secretaries when act- 
ing as seci-etaries, the diplomatic ministers and the governors of the departments 
shall be held responsible before the Assembly for any expressed violation of the 
Constitution, or for any offence committed by them in the exercise of their func- 



SALVADOR. 97 

tions. The Assembly after hearing the judge-advocate selected from its members 
and the accused officer, if present, and if not present his special counsel, shall 
declare whether there is sufficient evidence to begin a trial. In the affirmative 
case, the record of the steps taken shall be sent to the first Chamber of Second 
Instance of the capital in order that it may pass the proper sentence and an 
appeal to the Chamber of Third Instance shall be given against this sentence. 
Every person has the right to give information of the offences spoken of in this 
article, and also to prosecute the same if he has the qualifications required by 
law for such action. 

The Deputies shall be tried in the same cases, and under the same formalities 
by the Assembly itself. 

Art. 140. The representatives shall be tried in the manner provided for in 
article 65 of the present Constitution, for common crimes and misdemeanors 
committed by them during the session of the legislative body. If any of the 
functionaries enumerated in the preceding article should commit a common 
offence, he shall be accused or denounced before the Assembly, which, following 
the same course of proceedings established in the same article, shall declare 
whether the case must or must not be tried, and if the resolution is in the 
affirmative, the offender shall be submitted to the ordinary courts. 

Art. 141. The Comptrollers of the Treasury, the judge for matters belong- 
ing to the Treasury, the Judges of First Instance, the Justices of the Peace, and 
all other functionaries indicated by law, shall be tried for offences committed in 
the exercise of their functions by the Supreme Court of Justice. The trial 
have for its object to submit the offender to the ordinary tribunals in case 
there is sufficient evidence to convict him. For common offences and misde- 
meanors the above-mentioned officials shall be subject to the ordinary course of 
proceedings. 

Art. 142. As soon as either the Assembly or the Supreme Court of Justice, 
as the case may be, declares that a trial must be held, the offender shall be sus- 
pended from the exercise of his functions, and under no consideration whatever 
shall he be allowed to remain any longer in his position without becoming guilty 
of usurpation of authority, and no person shall be bound to obey him. If the 
sentence acquits him, the impeached official shall return to the exercise of his 
office, but if he is adjudged guilty he shall be by the same fact discharged. 

Art. 143. The decrees, rules, and sentences of the Assembly made in this 
class of cases shall be complied with and executed, without any necessity of 
approval or affirmation of any kind. 

Art. 144. Whenever the Executive Power in sending to the Assembly the 
reports of the ministers or secretaries of state omits something which, according 
to law, ought to be embraced in the same, the Assembly shall give it the proper 
Bull. 58 7 



98 SALVADOR. 

notice in order that it may comply with its duties in this respect, but if the 
Executive fails to do so, the measures spoken of in clause 4, article 90 of the 
present constitution shall be resorted to. 

Art. 145. The statute of limitations shall begin to be counted for official 
offences and misdemeanors from the date on which the guilty functionary ceased 
in the exercise of his duties. 

Art. 146. The representatives of the Constitutional Conventions shall be sub- 
ject exactly to the same proceedings, as far as their trial is concerned, as the 
members of the Legislative Body. In this case the resolution by which the trial 
is ordered shall be passed by the Constitutional Convention itself, and the Con- 
vention shall appoint a committee of its members to conduct the proper investi- 
gation and act in everything necessary in accordance with its rules. 

Art. 147. If on the adjournment of the Legislative Power no sentence has 
been passed as yet on any case of this kind pending before it, it shall delegate 
its powers to the special committee consisting of seven members, which shall sit 
during the adjournment, and shall decide in conformity with the provisions of 
this title. 

Title XIV. — The Reform of the Constitution and Constitutional Laws. 

Art. 148. The reform of the present Constitution shall be undertaken only 
upon resolution passed by two-thirds of the votes of the representatives elected 
for the Assembly, and this resolution shall express the article or articles which 
must be reformed. The resolution shall be published in the official newspapers, 
and shall be considered again in the session of the Assembly of the following 
year. If ratified by the Assembly a Constitutional Convention consisting of 
three delegates for each department shall be called to meet, in order to decide 
about the reform suggested. But it is hereby declared that in no case shall 
Articles 80, 8r, and 82 prohibiting the reelection of the President, Vice-Presi- 
dent, and designados, and concerning the duration of the Presidential term be 
reformed. 

Art. 149. The laws of the public press, the state of siege, the writ of amparo, 
and the general elections shall be considered constitutional. 

They may be reformed either by the Constitutional Convention, or by the 
ordinary assembly by a two-thirds vote; but in the latter case the reform shall 
have no binding force until it has been ratified by the legislative body in the 
ordinary session of the following year by the same number of votes. 

Art. 150. All other manner or method of reforming the Constitution or con- 
stitutional laws different from those provided for in the preceding articles is 
illegal and void. 



SALVADOR. 99 

Title XV'. — General Provisions. 

Art. 151. As Salvador is a segregated portion of the Republic of" Central 
America, it is left in aptitude to concur with any or all the states which belong 
to the latter, in the organization of a national government when circumstances 
may permit it, and when its interests may be promoted by it.. The same thing 
shall be understood in reference to the Latin American Confederation. 

Art. 152. The Constitution of December 6, 1883, is hereby absolutely 
repealed. / a 7./. 

National Palace, San Salvador, August, Tvt-, 1886. 



Appendix B. 



LAW RELATING TO ALIENS. 

The National Constitutional Convention of the Republic of Salvador, con- 
sidering that it is of great importance for the preservation of good relations 
with other countries to give prompt and due fulfillment to the provisions of 
Article 50 of the Constitution, has decreed as follows: 

LAW RELATING TO ALIENS. 

Chapter. I. — Salvadorians and Aliens. 

Article 1. All persons enumerated in Articles 42, 43, and 44 of the Con- 
stitution, are Salvadorians by birth or naturalization. 
Art. 2. The following are aliens : 

1. All persons born outside of the national territory, subject to a foreign gov- 
ernment and not naturalized in Salvador. 

2. The children of an alien father, or of an alien mother and father unknown, 
born in the territory of the Republic, until they reach that age in which, accord- 
ing to the laws of the nationality of the father or of the mother, as the case 
may be, the period of their minority ceases. But, if these persons allow a year 
to elapse after their having reached the age of majority, and fail during that 
time to declare before the Governor of the department in which they reside 
their desire to retain the nationality of their parents, they shall be considered 
Salvadorians. 

3. The Salvadorian woman who marries an alien shall retain the nationality 
of her husband, even during her widowhood. If the marriage has been dis- 
solved, the Salvadorian woman, who is such by birth, may recover her Salvado- 
rian nationality, by establishing her residence in the Republic, and declaring 
before the respective Governor her decision to recover her former allegiance. 

The Salvadorian wife, who, according to the laws of the country to which 
her husband belongs, does not acquire his nationality by virtue of the marriage, 
shall retain her own. 
100 



SALVADOR. lOl 

Any change in the nationality of the husband, subsequent to the marriage, 
entails the same change in the nationality of the wife and of the minor children 
subject to parental authority; provided that the said wife and minor children 
reside in the country where the husband or father became naturalized. But this 
rule shall be subject to the exception established in the preceding paragraph. 

4. Salvadorians naturalized in other countries and residing therein. 

5. Salvadorians in the official service of a foreign government, in any capacity, 
political, judicial, or diplomatic, without the permission of the legislative power 
required by No. 4, Article 53, of the Constitution. 

Art. 3. In order to fix what is to be understood by "place of birth," in the 
cases set forth in the preceding article, it is hereby declared that national vessels, 
without distinction of any kind, are a portion of the national territory, and that 
all persons born on board said vessels shall be considered as born within the 
Republic. 

Art. 4. By virtue of the benefit of extraterritoriality enjoyed by diplomatic 
agents, the children of the ministers and of all other officers of the Legations of 
the Republic accredited to foreign countries shall, if born in said countries, be 
considered as born in Salvador. 

Art. 5. The nationality of corporations shall be regulated by the law which 
gave them their existence. Therefore, all those organized in conformity to the 
laws of the Republic, and having in it a legal domicile, shall be Salvadorian. 

Foreign corporations shall enjoy in Salvador the same rights as are granted to 
them by the laws of the country in which they have their domicile, provided 
that these laws are not contrary^to the laws of the nation. 

Chapter W.— Expatriation and Naturalization. 

Art. 6. The Republic of Salvador recognizes the right of expatriation as nat- 
ural and inherent to every man, and as necessary for the enjoyment of individual 
liberty. Therefore, as she allows her citizens to exercise this right by permit- 
ting them to leave her territory and settle in a foreign country, so, also, she 
protects the use of the same right by aliens of every nationality who come to settle 
within her jurisdiction. As a consequence thereof, she receives the subjects 
and citizens of other nations and naturalizes them according to the provisions 
of the Constitution and the present law. 

Art. 7. The expatriation of a Salvadorian criminal and his consequent nat- 
uralization in a foreign country do not exempt him from extradition, trial, and 
punishment, according to the treaties, international usages, and the laws of the 
country. 

Art. 8. Persons naturalized in Salvador, even if residing in foreign countries. 



102 SALVADOR. 

have the same right to the protection of the Government of the Republic, 
either in regard to their persons or to their property, as the native-born Salva- 
dorian citizen; but this does not prevent them, if they return to the country 
of origin, from being subject to the responsibilities therein incurred by them 
under the laws previous to their naturalization. 

Art. 9. The Salvadorian Government shall protect by the means authorized 
by international law all Salvadorian citizens abroad. The Executive power 
shall, as it may deerp advisable, make use of said means, if no act of hostility 
is involved in them ; but if diplomatic intervention is not enough, or if the 
means resorted to prove to be insufficient, or if the wrongs done to the Salva- 
dorian nation are of such a gravity as to require measures of a more severe • 
character, then the Executive power shall report the facts to the legislative 
for the proper constitutional action. 

Art. 10. The naturalization of an alien becomes forfeited by his residence 
in the country of origin for two years, unless that residence is due to the fulfill- 
ment of any official commission from the Salvadorian Government, or has been 
taken with its permission. 

Art. 1 1. Every alien who fulfills the requisites established in Article 43 of 
the Constitution can be naturalized in the Republic, provided, that he makes 
an application therefor in writing, and that he makes in it the renunciation and. 
the protest to which the following article refers. 

Art. 12. Naturalization implies the renunciation of all submission, obedi- . 
ence, and fidelity to all foreign governments, and especially to the government 
to which the naturalized citizen owed allegiance. It also implies the renuncia- 
tion both of all kind of protection foreign to the laws and authorities of Salva- 
dor, and. of all the rights that are granted aliens either by treaty or by interna- 
tional law. It implies furthermore the promise, or oath of allegiance, obedience, 
and submission to the laws and authorities of the Republic. 

Art. 13. No naturalization papers shall be issued in favor of subjects or citi- 
zens of a nation with which the Republic is at war. 

Art. 14. Said papers shall not be granted to any person reputed and judi- 
cially declared in other countries to be pirates, slave-dealers, incendiaries, coun- 
terfeiters of money, bank notes, or any other paper used as currency, miir- 
derers, kidnappers, and thieves. Naturalization fraudulently obtained by an 
alien in violation of the law is by full right null and void. 

Art. 15. Naturalization papers, or certificates, shall be issued gratuitously, 
and no fee of any kind, whether under the head of expenses, recording, stamping, 
or any other name, shall ever be charged therefor. 

Art. 16. Naturalization being a personal act, the candidate can not be rep- 
resented by an attorney, unless the latter has a full special power executed in 



SALVADOR. 



103 



his favor; but this provision does not apply to any case in which the naturali- 
zation takes place by the mere operation of the law. Under no circumstances 
can the actual residence of the candidate within the limits of the Republic be 
supplied by an attorney. 

Art. 17. The national character, whether as a citizen or an alien, is not 
transferable; consequently, a citizen can not enjoy the rights of an alien, nor 
can an alien enjoy the prerogatives of a citizen, by reason of a transfer. 

Art. 18. The change of nationality has no retroactive effect. The acquisi- 
tion as well as the restoration of Salvadorian citizenship does not take effect 
until one day after the date of the decree which granted them. 
^ Art. 19. Colonists who may arrive in the future, either at their own expense 
or imported by private companies or associations, and immigrants of all kinds, 
may become naturalized in the country, according to the provisions of the Con- 
stitution. Colonists heretofore settled shall be subject to the same provisions, 
if they do not conflict with the rights acquired by them under their contracts. 

Art. 20. The naturalized alien shall become a Salvadorian citizen as soon as 
he has the quahflcations required by article 51 of the Constitution, and then 
his rights and obligations shall be the same as those of the native-born Salva- 
dorians. Nevertheless, he will not be qualified to serve' those positions which, 
according to the Constitution, require citizenship by birth. 

Chapter III. — Matriculation audits Effects. 

Art. 21. The matriculation of aliens consists in the inscription of their 
names and nationalities in a book opened for that purpose in the Department of 
Foreign Relations of the Republic. 

Art. 22. An alien who wishes to matriculate and finds himself in the capitol 
of the Republic, must make his application to the Department of Foreign 
Relations; but, if he finds himself elsewhere, the application shall be made to 
the governor of the respective department. His nationality shall be proved 
by either of the following documents, namely : 

1. A certificate of the respective diplomatic or consular agent accredited in 
the Republic, showing that the applicant is a native of the country represented 
by said official. 

2. The passport with which the applicant came to the Republic, if fully 
authenticated. 

3. The certificate of his naturalization, authenticated also in due form. Upon 
sufficient evidence of the destruction or loss of this certificate, or of the fact 
that the issuing thereof is not necessary under the laws of the country where 
the naturalization took place, the applicant shall be permitted to produce second- 
ary evidence of the fact of his naturalization. 



104 SALVADOR. 

Art.- 23. Upon the report made by the respective authorities to the Depart- 
ment of Foreign Relations, and the proof of the nationality of the applicant, 
the inscription of his name shall be made on the register, and a proper certifi- 
cate shall be sent to the applicant, upon the payment of five francs (one dollar), 
as a matriculation fee, to be paid only once. 

Art. 24. The matriculation constitutes only a legal presumption of the 
nationality claimed under it. It admits, therefore, of evidence in rebuttal. 

Art. 25. The direct evidence of matriculation shall consist in the certificate 
above provided for, issued and signed by the Secretary of Foreign Relations, 
who is the only competent authority to issue it. 

Art. 26. No public authority or functionary can recognize the nationality oft 
an alien, unless upon the proper presentation of his certificate of matriculation. 

Art. 27. The certificate of matriculation shall not be sufficient to support 
any right or privilege claimed under it, if the said right or privilege is anterior 
to the date of the certificate. 

Art. 28. The different national character which distinguishes the aliens from 
each others and is, proved by the certificate of matriculation, gives them certain 
privileges and imposes upon them certain special obligations. The said privi- 
leges, in their strict meaning, are called by the laws of the Republic " rights of 
aliens." 

Art. 29. The rights of aliens are: (1) That of invoking the treaties and con- 
ventions which may be in force between Salvador and the nation to which the 
alien belongs; (2) that of asking protection, through diplomatic methods, of 
the foreign power to which the alien owns allegiance; (3) that of enjoying the 
benefits of reciprocity. 

Art. 30. The legal condition of the matriculated alien under the rights or 
privileges above referred to, is changed by the renunciation of the same rights 
and privileges made by the interested parties, and, also, by the existence of a 
state of war between Salvador and the country to which the alien belongs. 

Art. 31. The renunciation can be either expressed or implied. It shall be 
expressed when it is set forth in the stipulation made between the Government 
and the alien. And it is implied when the alien deliberately performs some act 
by which he submits himself to any law of Salvador which grants him a favor 
on condition that the renunciation is made, or which presupposes it. 

Chapter IV. — Rights and Duties of Aliens. 

Art. 32. Aliens are subject to the provisions of Title iv of the Constitution 
and to the law of March 3, 1877. They enjoy the guarantees granted in 
Title II of the same Constitution, limited, however, by the faculty of the exec- 



SALVADOR. 105 

utive power to expel from the country pernicious foreigners. The proceedings 
in the latter case shall always be simply executive. 

Art. 33. Aliens shall also enjoy all the civil rights belonging to Salvadorians; 
but the legislative power may modify or abridge said rights under the principal of 
reciprocity, so as to make aliens residing in the Republic subject to the same 
disqualification that the laws of their country impose upon the Salvadorians 
residing therein. 

Art. 34. Aliens can, without losing their nationality, domicile themselves in 
the Republic for all the purposes of law. The acquisition, change, or loss of 
the domicile is regulated by the laws of Salvador. 

. Art. 35. Whenever the individual guarantees may be declared suspended, as 
permitted by the law on the state of siege, the aliens, as well as the citizens, 
shall remain subject to the requirements of the law which ordered the suspen- 
sion; but nothing in this provision shall be construed as to ignore the stipula- 
tions made in preexisting treaties. 

Art. 36. Domiciled aliens are bound to pay all taxes, personal, general, and 
local, ordinary and extraordinary, in the same manner as the Salvadorians, 
except in case that under especial international stipulations an exception has 
been made in their favor. As to the burdens to be borne by real estate, the domi- 
ciled aliens shall be subject to the provisions of article 47 of the Constitution, 

Art. 37. Transient aliens are exempted from all taxes, merely personal, 
whether ordinary or extraordinary ; but they ape not exempted from paying those 
taxes levied on real estate, or on personal property, industry, profession, or 
commerce. 

Art. 38. All aliens are bound to obey and respect the institutions, laws, and 
authorities of the Republic, as provided in article 45 of the Constitution, and 
they must abide by the decisions and sentences of the couTts, without resorting 
to any other remedies than those which the same laws grant to Salvadorian 
citizens. 

Art. 39. Only in case of denial of justice, or of voluntary delay in its 
administration, can the aliens apply to their Government for diplomatic inter- 
vention; but this will be allowed only upon proof that all the ordinary reme- 
dies established by the laws of the Republic have been exhausted. 

Art. 40. Denial of justice shall be understood to exist only in the case in 
which the judicial authority refuses to make a formal declaration, whether on 
the subject-matter or on any of the incidental questions submitted to its cog- 
nizance. Consequently the mere fact of the passing by the judge of a sentence 
or decision, in whatever sense, shall be an estoppel to the allegation of denial of 
justice, even if it is claimed that the sentence or decision was iniquitous or 
passed in open violation of the law. 



106 SALVADOR. 

Art. 41. The delay in the administration of justice will cease to be volun- 
tary, as soon as the judge explains that it is due to some reason of law or to 
some physical impediment beyond his control. ' 

Art. 42. Aliens do not enjoy the political rights vested in Salvadorian citi- 
zens; therefore they can not vote or receive votes for any office in a popular 
election; nor can they be appointed for any position involving civil or political 
authority or jurisdiction. They cannot associate with others to deal with the 
political matters of the State, or take any part in the same, or exercise in this 
class of business the right of petition. 

Art. 43. Aliens who wilfully make use of the rights denied to them in the 
preceding article shall thereby become responsible for their acts and the conse- 
quences thereof, exactly the same as if they were Salvadorian citizens; but 
nothing in this provision shall be construed as to entitle said aliens to claim that 
they have been naturalized, except, however, in the case set forth in article 48 
of the Constitution. 

Art. 44. Aliens are exempted from military service, but those domiciled in 
the country shall be subjected at all times to serve such muncipal offices as have 
no authority, jurisdiction, or deliberate vote attached to them. They must also 
render service in the armed police, whenever it may be necessary for the pro- 
tection of private property and the preservation of public order, in the locality 
in which they reside. 

Art. 45. Aliens are bound to observe strict neutrality and not do anything 
against the Republic or her Government in case of foreign war. 

Art. 46. Aliens shall not take part in the civil dissensions of the country, 
and those who violate this prohibition shall be expelled from the territory by 
executive order, on the ground that they are pernicious ; but they shall respond 
additionally, under the laws of the Republic, for all the offenses they may have 
committed. Nothing in this shall be construed as to prevent their rights and 
duties during a state of war from being regulated by international law and the 
treaties. 

Art. 47. Aliens charged as authors, accomplices, or abettors of any of the 
offences enumerated in article 20 of the Code of Criminal Proceedings, shall be 
subject to the provisions of article 21 of the same code. 

Art. 48. Offences of continuous character, committed at some previous time 
in a foreign country and continued within the Republic, shall be punished 
according to the laws of the latter, whether the offenders are citizens 01 aliens, 
provided that they are apprehended within the territory of Salvador. 

Art. 49. The offences committed outside Salvador by aliens against aliens 
shall not be prosecuted in the Republic ; but the Government has the power to 
expel from the country the said offenders as pernicious aliens. 



SALVADOR. 107 

Art. 50. Offences committed within the territory of the Republic, by aliens 
against aliens, or against citizens, shall be prosecuted and punished according to 
the laws of Salvador. 

Art. 51. The following offences shall be considered as committed within the 
territory of the Republic, namely : 

1. Offences committed on the high seas on board national vessels, whether 
merchant or war. 

2. Offences committed on board a Salvadorian man-of-war in a foreign port 
cr in foreign waters. 

3. Offences committed on board a merchant vessel in a foreign port or in for- 
egn waters, when the offences have not been taken cognizance of and prosecuted 
and punished in the nation to which the port or the waters belong. 

Art. 52. When an alien comrnits an offence against the exterior safety of the 
Republic, or becomes guilty of rebellion or sedition, the Government shall have 
the power either to expel him peremtorily from the country by executive decree, 
or to submit him to trial according to the common rules of proceedings. 

Art. 53. In criminal prosecutions for rebellion or sedition, the fact that the 
offender is an alien shall be always considered as an aggravating circumstance 
for the imposition of the penalty. 

Art. 54. Nothing in this law can be construed as to give aliens any right 
denied to them either by international law, the treaties, or the laws in force in 
Salvador. 

Art. 55. Although Spanish-Americans are not considered aliens in Salvador, 
they shall, however, be subject to the present law, until the formation of the 
great Latin-American Confederation, referred to in article 141 of the Consti- 
tution. 

Art. 56. No Central American shall be considered an alien for the purposes 
of the present law. 

National Palace, 

San Salvador, September 2y, 1886. 

Approved September 29, 1886. 



Appendix C. 



PARCELS POST CONVENTION BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES 
OF AMERICA AND THE REPUBLIC OF SALVADOR. 

The undersigned, 

Don M. Dickinson, Postmaster General of the United States of America, and 
Santiago Perez Triana, Vice Consul of the Republic of Salvador in New York, 
duly empowered thereto, for the purpose of making better postal arrangements 
between the United States of America and the Republic of Salvador, have 
agreed upon the following articles for the establishment of a Parcels-Post sys- 
tem of exchanges between the two countries. 

ARTICLE I. 

The provisions of this Convention relate only to parcels of mail matter to be 
exchanged by the system herein provided for, and do not affect the arrangements 
now existing under the Universal Postal Union Convention, wnich will con- 
tinue as heretofore ; and all the agreements hereinafter contained apply exclu- 
sively to mails exchanged under these articles. 

ARTICLE II. 

1. There shall be admitted to the mails exchanged under this Convention, 
articles of merchandise and mail matter except letters, postcards, and written 
matter of all kinds that are admitted under any conditions to the domestic 
mails of the country of origin, except that no packet must exceed 1 1 pounds 
(or 5 kilograms) in weight, nor the following dimensions: Greatest length in 
any direction, 105 centimeters (or 3 feet 6 inches); greatest length and girth 
combined 180 centimeters (or six feet) ; and must be so wrapped or inclosed as 
to permit their contents to be easily examined by postmasters and customs .offi- 
cers ; and except that the following articles are prohibited : 

Publications which violate the copy-right laws of the country of destination ; 
liquids, poisons, explosive or inflammable substances, fatty substances, those 
which easily liquefy, live or dead animals, not dried, insects and reptiles, con- 
fections, pastes, fruits and vegetables w hich will easily decompose, and substances 
108 



SALVADOR. 109 

which exhale a bad odor, lottery tickets or circulars, all obscene or immoral 
articles, other articles which may destroy or in any way damage the mails, or 
injure the persons handling them. 

2. All admissible articles of merchandise mailed in one country for the other, 
or received in one country from the other, whether by land or sea conveyance, 
shall be free from any detention or inspection whatever, except such as is 
required for collections of customs duties, and shall be forwarded by the most 
speedy means to their destination, being subject in their transmission to the 
laws and regulations of each country respectively. 

ARTICLE 111. 

1. A letter or communication of the nature of personal correspondence must 
not accompany, be written on, or enclosed with any parcel. 

2. If such be found, the letter will be placed in the mails if separable, and if 
inseparably attached, the whole package will be rejected. If, however, any 
such should inadvertently be forwarded, the country of destination will collect 
double rates of postage according to the Universal Postal Union Convention. 

3. No parcel may contain parcels intended for delivery at an address other 
than the one borne by the parcel itself. If such enclosed parcels be detected, 
they must be sent forward singly, charged with new and distinct parcels-post 
rates. 

ARTICLE IV. 

1. The following rates of postage, shad in all cases be required to be fully 
prepaid with postage stamps of the country of origin, viz : 

2. For a parcel not exceeding 453 grams (one pound) in weight, sixty cen- 
times (twelve cents) J and for each additional 453 grams (one pound), or frac- 
tion thereof, sixty centimes (twelve cents). 

3. The packages shall be promptly delivered to addressees at the post offices 
of address in the country of destination, free of charge for postage ; but the 
country of destination may at its option, levy and collect from the addressee 
for interior service and delivery a charge not exceeding twenty-five centimes 
(five cents) on each single parcel of whatever weight ; and if the weight exceeds 
453 grams (one pound), a charge equal to five centimes (one cent) for each 113 
grams (four ounces), of weight, or fraction thereof 

ARTICLE V. 

1. The sender will at the time of mailing the package, receive a receipt of 
mailing from the post office where the package is mailed, on a form like "model 
one" annexed hereto. 



no SALVADOR. 

2. The sender of a package may have the same registered by paying the reg- 
istration fee required for registered articles in the country of origin. 

3. An acknowledgment of the delivery of a registered article shall be returned 
to the sender when requested; but either country may require of the sender pre- 
payment of a fee therefor not exceeding five cents, (25 centimes). 

4. The addressees of registered articles shall be advised of the arrival of a 
package addressed to them, by a notice from the post office of destination. 

» 

ARTICLE VI. 

■ 1. The sender of each package shall make a Customs Declaration, pasted upon 
or attached to the package, upon a special Form provided for the purpose (see 
"model two" annexed hereto) giving a general description of the parcel, an accu- 
rate statement of the contents and value, date of mailing, and the sender's signature 
and place of residence, and place of address. The Customs Declaration herein 
provided shall be omitted in the country of origin during such period as the 
Postmaster General of the country of destination shall request such omission. 

2. The packages in question shall be subject in the country of destination to 
all customs duties and all customs regulations in force in that country for the 
protection of its Customs Revenues; and the customs duties properly charge- 
able thereon shall be collected on delivery, in accordance with the customs regu- 
lations of the country of destination. 

ARTICLE Vll. 

Each country shall retain to its own use, the whole of the postages, registra- 
tion and delivery fees, it collects on said packages; consequently, this Conven- 
tion will give rise to no separate accounts between the two countries. 

ARTICLE viii. 

1 . The packages shall be considered as a component part of the mails exchanged 
direct between the United States of America and the Republic of Salvador, to 
be despatched by the country, of origin to the other at its cost and by such means 
as it provides, in ordinary mail sacks to be marked " Parcels-Post " and to be 
securely sealed with wax or otherwise as may be mutually provided by regula- 
tions hereunder. 

2. Each country shall return to the despatching office by next mail, all bags 
or sacks used in the exchange of parcels. 

3. Although articles admitted under this Convention will be transmitted as 
aforesaid between the exchange offices, they should be so carefully packed as to 



SALVADOR. Ill 

be safely transmitted in the open mails of either country, both in going to the 
exchange office in the country of origin or to the office of address in the coun- 
try of destination. 

4. Each despatch of a parcel-post mail must be accompanied by a descriptive 
list in duplicate, of all the packages sent, showing distinctly the list number of 
each parcel, the name of the sender, the name of the addressee with address of 
destination ; and must be enclosed in one of the sacks of such despatch under the 
Form of "model three," annexed hereto^ 

ARTICLE IX. 

Exchanges of mails under this Convention from any place in either country 
to any place in the other, whether by sea or overland, shall be effected through 
the post offices of both countries already designated as Exchange Post offices, 
or through such others as may be hereafter agreed upon, under such regular 
tions relative to the details of the exchanges, as may be mutually determined to 
be essential to the security and expedition of the mails and the protection of 
the Customs Revenues. 

ARTICLE X. 

1. As soon as the mail shall have reached the exchange office of destination, 
that office shall check the contents of the mail. 

2. In the event of the Parcel-Bill not having been received, a substitute should 
at once be prepared. 

3. Any errors in the entries on the Parcel-Bill which may be discovered, 
shall, after verification by a second officer, be corrected and noted for report to 
the despatching office on a Form, "Verification Certificate", which shall be 
sent in the special envelope. 

4. If a parcel advised on the bill be not received, after the non-receipt has 
been verified by a second officer, the entry on the bill should be canceled and 
the fact reported at once. 

5. Should a parcel be received in a damaged or imperfect condition, full par- 
ticulars shall be reported on the same form. 

6. If no Verification Certificate or note of error be received, a parcel-mail 
shall be considered as duly delivered, having been found on examination correct 
in all respects. 

ARTICLE XI. 

If the packages cannot be delivered as addressed, or if they are refused, they 
should be reciprocally returned without charge, directly to the despatching office 



112 SALVADOR. 



of exchange, at the expiration of thirty days from their receipt at the office of 
destination, and the country of origin may collect from the sender for the 
return of the parcel, a sum equal to the postage when first mailed. 



ARTICLE XII. 



The Post Office Department of either of the contracting countries will not 
be responsible for the loss or damage of any package, and no indemnity can con- 
sequently be claimed by the sender oi* addressee in either country. 



ARTICLE XIII. 



The Postmaster-General of the United States of America, and the Director- 
General of Posts of the Republic of Salvador, may by agreement, exempt on 
account of insecurity in the conveyance, or other causes, certain post offices in 
either country, from receiving or despatching packages of merchandise as pro- 
vided for by this Convention, and shall have authority to jointly make such 
further regulations of order and detail, as may be found necessary to carry out 
the present Convenrion from time to time; and may by agreement prescribe 
conditions for the admission to the mails of any of the articles prohibited by 
Article II of this Convention. 



ARTICLE XIV. 



This Convention shall be ratified by the contracting countries in accordance 
with their respective laws, and its ratifications shall be exchanged at the city of 
Washington as early as possible. Once ratified, and its ratifications exchanged 
it shall take effect, and operations thereunder shall begin on the 1st day of Feb- 
ruary 1889, and shall continue in force until terminated by mutual agreement, 
but may be annulled at the desire of either Department, upon six months pre- 
vious notice given to the other. 

Done in duplicate and signed at Washington the twenty-sixth day of Novem- 
ber one thousand eight hundred and eighty eight. 

[l. s.] (Signed) Don M. Dickinson, 

Postmaster General of the United States of America. 
(Signed) Santiago Perez Triana, 

Vice Consul of the Republic of Salvador. 

The foregoing Parcels-Post Convention between the United States of Amer- 
ica and the Republic of Salvador, has been negotiated and concluded with my 
advice and consent, and is hereby approved and ratified. 



SALVADOR. 



113 



In testimony whereof I have caused the great seal of the United States to be 
hereunto affixed. 

[Great Seal of U. S.] Benj. Harrison. 

By the President : 

James G. Blaine, 

Secretary of State. 
Washington, D. C, June 21, i88q. 

National Palace, San Salvador, January 4, i88g. 
Having examined the preceding Convention, concluded at New York, on 
the 26th day of November 1888, between Don Santiago Perez Triana, duly 
authorized thereto by this government, and Don M. Dickinson, Postmaster 
General of the United States, for the adoption of a system of exchange of 
postal parcels between the two countries; and having found that Senor Triana 
has followed the instructions given him for concluding said convention; the 
Executive Power agrees to approve the fourteen articles composing the Conven- 
tion in question. 

El Secretario de Estado en el Despacho de Relaciones Exteriores : 
[i- s.] (Signe«l) Delgado. 

Bull. 58 8. 



Appendix D. 



COMMERCIAL ARRANGEMENT BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES 
OF AMERICA AND SALVADOR. 

[Concluded December 30, 1891 ; proclaimed December 31, 1891] 

By the President of the United States of America. 
A PROCLAMATION. 

Whereas, pursuant to section 3 of the Act of Congress approved October r, 
1890, entitled "An act to reduce the revenue and equalize duties on imports, 
and for other purposes," of the Secretary of State of the United States of America 
communicated to the Government of Salvador the action of the Congress of the 
United States of America, with a view to secure reciprocal trade, in declaring 
the articles enumerated in said section 3 to be exempt from duty upon their 
importation into the United States of America; 

And whereas the Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of Sal- 
vador at Washington has communicated to the Secretary of State the fact that, 
in reciprocity for the admission into the United States of America free of all 
duty of the articles enumerated in section 3 of said Act, the Government of 
Salvador will, by due legal enactment as a provisional measure and until a more 
complete arrangement may be negotiated and put in operation, admit free of 
all duty from and after February 1, 1892, into all the established ports of entry 
of Salvador, the articles or merchandise named in- the following schedule, pro- 
vided that the same be the product or manufacture of the United States: 

schedule 

of products arid manufactures which the Republic of Salvador will admit free 
of all customs, municipal, and any other kind of duty. 

1. Animals for breeding purposes. 

2. Corn, rice, barley and rye. 
114 



SALVADOR. 



115 



3. Beans. 

4. Hay and straw for forage. 

5. Fruits, fresh. 

6. Preparations of flour in biscuits, crackers not sweetened, macaroni, ver- 
micelli, and tallarin. 

7. Coal, mineral. 

8. Roman cement. 

9. Hydraulic lime. 

10. Bricks, fire bricks, and crucibles for melting. 

11. Marble, dressed, for furniture, statues, fountains, gravestones, and build- 
ing purposes. 

12. Tar, vegetable and mineral. 

13. Guano, and other fertilizers, natural or artificial. 

14. Ploughs and all other agricultural tools and implements. 

15. Machinery of all kinds, including sewing machines, and separate or extra 
parts for the same. 

16. Materials of all kinds for the construction and equipment of railroads. 

17. Materials of all kinds for the construction and operation of telegraphic 
and telephonic lines. 

18. Materials of all kinds for lighting by electricity and gas. 

19. Materials of all kinds for the construction of wharves. 

20. Apparatus for distilling liquors. 

21. Wood of all kinds for building, in trunks or pieces, beams, rafters, planks, 
boards, shingles, or flooring. 

22. Wooden staves, heads and hoops, and barrels and boxes for packing, 
mounted or in pieces. 

23. Houses of wood or iron, "complete or in parts. 

24. Wagons, carts, and carriages of all kinds. 

25. Barrels, casks, and tanks of iron for water. 

26. Tubes of iron and all other accessories necessary for water supply. 

27. Wire, barbed, and staples for fences. 

28. Plates of iron for building purposes. 

29. Mineral ores. 

30. Kettles of iron for making salt. 

31. Kettles of iron for making sugar. 

32. Moulds for making sugar, 

33. Guys for mining purposes. 

34. Furnaces and instruments for assaying metals. 

35. Scientific instruments. 

36. Models of machinery and buildings. 



Il6 SALVADOR. 

37. Boats, lighters, tackle, anchors, chains, girt lines, sails, and all other articles 
for vessels to be used in the ports, lakes, and rivers of the Republic. 

38. Printing materials, including presses, type, ink, and all other accessories, 

39. Printed books, pamphlets, and newspapers, bound or unbound, maps, 
photographs, printed music and paper for music. 

40. Paper for printing newspapers. 

41. Quicksilver. 

42. Lodestone. 

43. Hops. 

44. Sulphate of quinine. 

45. Gold and silver in bars, dust, or coin. 

46. Samples of merchandise the duties on which do not exceed one dollar. 

It is understood that the packages or coverings in which the articles named in 
the foregoing schedule are imported shall be free of duty if they are usual and 
proper for the purpose. 

And that the Government of Salvador has further stipulated that the laws and 
regulations adopted to protect its revenue and prevent fraud in the declarations 
and proof that the articles named in the foregoing schedule are the product or 
manufacture of the United States of America shall impose no additional charges 
on the importer nor undue restrictions on the articles imported. 

And whereas the Secretary of State has, by my direction, given assurance to 
the Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of Salvador at Washing- 
ton that this action of the Government of Salvador in granting freedom of duties 
to the products and manufacturers of the United States of America on their 
importation into Salvador, and in stipulating for a more complete reciprocity 
arrangement, is accepted as a due reciprocity for the action of Congress as set 
forth in section 3 of said act. 

Now, therefore, be it known that I, Benjamin Harrison, President of the 
United States of America, have caused the above-stated modifications of the 
tariff laws of Salvador to be made public for the information of the citizens of 
the United States of America. 

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the 
United States to be affixed. 

Done at the city of Washington, this thirty-first day of December, one thousand 
eight hundred and ninety-one, and of the Independence of the United States of 
America the one hundred and sixteenth. 

[seal.] Benj. Harrison. 

By the President : 

James G. Blaine, Secretary of State. 



Appendix E. 



Import Duties of Salvador. 



DERECHOS DE IMPORTACION EN SALVADOR. 



The following schedules have been arranged alphabetically and include all the 
articles specified in the tariff 

The valuations expressed in English are calculated on the basis of the official valu- 
ation of foreign coins issued by th4 Director of the Mint of the United States October 
1, 1891, in which the peso is valued at 72.3 cents United States currency. 



ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 



Absinthe. (See spirits) 

Accordions and concertinas of all 

classes and sizes 

Acetic acid. (See medicines) . . . 

Acid, muriatic. (See medicines). 

Acid, nitric. (See medicines) ... 

Acid, sulphuric. (See medicines) 

Aconite. (See medicines) 

Adzes. (See iron) 

Aerated waters, artificial. (See 
waters) 

Aerometers or liquor-gauges 

Albums of all sizes and classes . . 

Almonds, in the shell. (See foods, 
etc) 

Alpaca. (See wool) 

Alphabets and numerical tables, 
bronze. (See bronze) 

Alphabets or numbers for mark- 
ing, zinc. (See zinc) 

Alum. (See medicines) 



Duty ijer 
pouud. in 
U. S. cur- 
rency. 



Dollars. 
.197 

.066 
.013 

.013 

.013 

.013 

.328 
.115 

.009 
.016 
.197 

.033 
.328 

.197 

.098 

.013 



ARTICULO DE MERCANClA. 



Ajenjo. (ViSase aguardientes) . . 
Acordioues 6 concertinas de toda 

clase 6 tamano 

Acido ac^tico. (V^ase medici- 

nas) 

Acido muriatico. (V6ase medi- 

cinas) 

Acido nitrico. (V^ase medici- 

nas) 

Acido sulfurico. (V^ase medi- 

oiuas) 

Aconitiua. (V^ase medicinas). 

Azuelas. (V6ase hierro) 

Aguas espumosas, artificiales. 

( Vease aguas) 

Aere6metros 6 pesa-licores 

Albums de toda clase 6 tamano. . 
Almeudras, conctiscara. (Vease 

alimentos, etc) 

Alpacas. (V6ase laua) 

Abecedaries y numeracioues de 

brouce. (Vease bronce) 

Abecedarios 6 numeraciones 

para marcar, de zinc. (V^ase 

zinc ) J. 

Alumbre. (V6ase medicinas) . . 



Derechos 
por kilo- 
gramo en 
moneda 
Salvado- 
rena. 



Pesos. 



.60 
.20 



,04 



.04 

.04 

.04 
LOO 
.35 

.03 
.05 
.60 

.10 

LOO 

.60 



.30 
,04 



117 



ii8 



SALVADOR. 



ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 



Ammonia, liquid. (See medi- 
cines) ■- 

Ammunition, bullets and small 
shot. (See lead) 

Aniline, of all kinds 

Anchors. (See iron) 

per 100 pounds. . 

Aniseed. (See foods, etc) 

Anvils. (See iron) 

Augers. (See iron) 

Axes. (See iron) 

Axles. (See iron) 

per 100 pounds . . 

Baggage, in excess of 100 kilos 
per person, if imported with- 
out invoice. (See also free list) . 



empty, of flax pure or 
mixed. (See flax) 

Balls, ivory, for billiards 

Balls, stone, wood, or other com- 
position, for children's play- 
things 

Balsam of copaiba. (See medi- 
cines) .- 

Barley 

Baskets, wicker, or other simi^- 
lar articles not specified 



Bath tub, iron. (See iron) 

Batiste. (See flax) 

Beads, bugles,' garnets, seed, or 
tubular beads of glass or com- 
mon metal of all forms and 
thicknesses 

Beds, feather 

Bedspreads, cotton. (See cot- 
ton) 

Bedspreads, linen. (See flax) . . 

Beehives, wooden. (See wood) 
per 100 pounds . . 

Beer, all kinds 

Belladonna. (See medicines) — 

Bells, tower, bronze 

Belts, cotton. (See cotton) 



Duty per 
pound in 
U. S. cur- 
rency. 



Dollars. 

.033 

.013 
.164 

.164 
.049 
.033 
.115 
.033 

.164 
.984 



.016 
2.62 



Belts, India rubber, 
rubber) , 



(See India 



.013 

.066 
.006 

.098 

.082 
.492 



,197 

,328 

,164 

,328 

,164 
,016 
.033 

,082 
,328 



164 



ARTlCULO DE MERCANCf A. 



Amoniaco liquido. (V6ase me- 
dicinas) 

Municion, balas 6 muuici6n. 
(V6ase plomo) 

Anilina de toda clase 

Anclas. (V6ase hierro) 

los 100 kilos.. 

Ani's. (V6ase alimentos, etc) . . 

Yunques. (V6ase hierro) 

Barrenos, ( V^ase hierro) 

Hachas. (V6ase hierro) 

Ejes. (Vease hierro) 

los 100 kilos.. 

Equipajes, son libres los de los 
pasajeros hasta el peso de 100 
kilogramos por persona, siem- 
pre que los efectos sean evi- 
dentemeute de su uso per- 
sonal. Por exceso sin factura 
pagar^ el kilo 

Costales, vacios, de lino puro 6 
mezclado. (V^ase lino) 

Bolas de marfil para billar 

Bolas de piedra, madera ti otra 
composicion, para juegos de 
ninos 

B^lsamo de copaiba. (V^ase 
medicinas) 

Cebada 

Canastos de mimbre u otros ar- 
tioulos semej antes no denomi- 
nados 

Bafios de hierro. (V6ase hierro) . 

Batista. ( V6ase lino) 

Abalorio, cuentas, granate, cha- 
quiras 6 canutillo de vidrio, 
mostacilla de vidrio 6 metal 
ordinario, toda forma ygrueso. 

Colchones de plumas 

Colchas de algodon. (V6aseal- 
god6n) 

Colchas de lino. (V6ase lino) . . 

Casas para colmena, de madera. 
( V6ase madera) .los 100 kilos . . 

Cerveza de toda clase 

Belladona. (Vease medicinas) . 

Campauasparatorres, debrouce. 

Fajas de algodon. (V^ase algo- 
don) .■ 

Fajas de caucho. (V6ase cau- 
cho) 



Derechos 
por kilo- 
gramo en 
moneda 
Salvado- 
reiia. 



Pesos. 



SALVADOR. 



119 



ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 



Belts, leather or patent leather, 
for swords, with or without 
gilclcd or silver ornaments. 

■> (See leather) 

Belts, leather, for machinery. 

(See leather) 

• Belts, silk. (See silk) 

Belts, woolen. (See wool) 

Bicarbonates of soda andpotassa. 
(Sea medicines) , 

Billiard tables, without acces- 
sories. (See wood) 

Bitters, liquid, stomach 

Blacking for shoes of all kinds . , 

Blankets or counterpanes of wool, 

pure or mixed. (See wool) 

Blinds, wooden. (See wood) 

Blocks, wooden, for hatters or 

wig-makers. (See wood) 

Blondes, silk. (See silk) 

Blondes, wool. (See wool) 

Bonbons. (See foods) 

Bonnets. ( See hats) 

Books, blank, with or without 

ruling 

Book shelves. (See wood) 

Boots, India rubber. (See India 

rubber) 

Boots, leather. (See leather) .. . 
Bottles, common. (See glass) .. 

Bottles, iron, to contain balsam, 

gross weight 

Bottle tops or capsules 

Boxes, paper. (See paper) 

Boxes, wooden, of all shapes, var- 
nished or lacquered. (See 
wood) 

Bracelets, of mother-of-pearl, 
ivory, tortoise shell, or silver . 

Bracelets, of any other material 
not specified 

Braids, linen (See flax) 

Braids, woolen. (See wool) 

Bran or meal 

Brandied fruits. (See foods) 

Brass. (See bronze and copper). 

Bricks of clay, glass, and other 

materials 



Duty per 
pound in 
U. S. cur- 
rency. 



Dollars. 



.492 

.098 
1.64 
.656 

.033 

.066 
.049 
.033 



.162 
.066 

.007 
1.97 
.983 
.066 
.492 

.065 
.066 

.328 
.656 
.009 



.033 
,098 

.009 



.656 

,197 
,492 
,983 
,007 
,082 



.003 



ARTfCULO DE MERCANCfA. 



Cinturones de cuero 6 de charol 
. para sables, con 6 sin guarni- 

ciones doradas 6 plateadas. 

( Vease cueros) 

Fajas de cuero para maquinaria. 

(V6ase cueros) 

Fajas de seda. (Vease seda) . . 
Fajas de laua. (V6ase lana) . . 
Bicarbonatos de sosa y potasa. 

(V^ase medicinas) 

ipillares sin litiles. (Vease ma- 

dera) 

Amargo Ifquido estomacL 1 .... 
Betiin para zapatos, de toda 

clase 

Frazadas 6 colchas de lana pura 

6 mezclada. (V<5ase lana) 

Persianas. (Vease madera) 

Estacas para sombreros y pelu- 

cas. (V^ase madei-a) 

Blondas de seda. (Vease seda) 
Blondas de lana. (Vease lana) 

Confites. (V6asealimentos) 

Gorras. (V^ase sombreros) 

Libros en bianco rayados 6 sin 

rayar 

Estantes. (Vease madera) 

Botas de caucho. (V^ase cau- 

cho) 

Botas de cuero. (V^ase cuero) 
Botellas comunes. (V^ase vid- 

rio) 

Botes de hierro destinados para 

balsamo, jieso bruto 

Cfipsules 6 casquetes para bote- 
llas .' 

Cajasde carton. (V^ase jiapel). 
Cajas de madera de toda forma 

eonbarniz6gomalaca. (Vease 

madera) 

Pulseras de concha-n^car, mar- 

fil, carey 6 plata 

Pulseras de cualquier otra ma- 
teria no denominada 

Treucillas de lino. ( V^ase lino) . 
Trencillas de lana. ( ViSase lana) . 

Acemite 6 salvado 

Frutas en aguardiente. (Vease 

alimentos) 

Laton. (Vease bronce y cobre). 
Ladrillo de barro, vidrio y otras 

materias 



Derechos 
por kilo- 
gramo en 
moneda 
Salvado- 
rena. 



Pesos. 



1.50 

.30 
5.00 
2.00 

.10 

.20 
.15 

.10 

.50 
.20 

.02 
6.00 
3.00 

.20 
1.50 

.20 
.20 

1.00 
2.00 

.03 

.10 

.30 
.03 



.25 
2.00 

.60 
1.50 
3.00 

.02 

.25 



.01 



120 



SALVADOR. 



ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE, 



Brocades or tissues, woven, em- 
broidered, or embossed with 
gold, silver, or other metai 

Bromides. (See medicines) 

Brooms and brushes, of straw or 
esparto, all classes 

Bronze and copper, bars 

Bronze, etc., alphabets and nu- 
merical tables, and in other 
forms not sjiecified 

Bronze and copper boilers for 
agricultural use 

Bronze, etc., counters as checks 
for use on farms, per 100 pounds . 

Bronze, and copper nails, tacks, 
and brads 

Bronze, etc., jewelry, leaf, and in 
books 

Bronze and copper in pieces, 
nickel plated for any purpose. . 

Bronze and copper ornaments of 
all classes, holders for curtains, 
rings, hooks, scales, hinges, 
knobs for furniture, furniture 
and door locks, padlocks, 
cradles, beds, bolts, crosses, 
bells, cow bells, chains, spurs, 
stirrups, mountings for sad- 
dles, statues, hasps, railings, 
cages, weights, faucets, door- 
knockers, candlesticks, rivets, 
screws, doorknobs, wire cloth, 
writing utensils, cooking and 
domestic utensils 



Bronze and copper plates, sheets, 
and wire, from 4 millimeters in 
diameter downward 

Bronze and copper scientific in- 
struments 

Bronze and copper stills 

Brushes, clothing, hair, tooth, 

nail, and others similar 

Brushes, paint, of every kind. . . 
Brushes for shoes, horses, and 

other common kinds 



Duty per 
pound in 
U. S. cur- 
rency. 



Dollars. 



.82 
.066 

.033 
066 



.197 
.098 
.164 

.131 
.197 

.328 



197 



.115 



.033 
.164 

.197 
.197 

.049 




Brocatos 6 tiznes tejidos, borda- 
dos 6 realzados con oro, plata 
li otro metal 

Bromuros. (V^ase medicinas) . . 

Escobas y cepillos de paja 6 es- 
parto, de toda clase 

Bronce y cobre en barras 

Bronce y cobre en abecedarios y 
numeraciones y en cualquier 
otra forma no especificada 

Bronce y cobre en peroles para 
la agricultura 

Bronce y cobre en fichas para 
contraseuas de fincas de agri- 
cultura los 100 kilos . . 

Bronce y cobre en clavos, 
tachuelas 6 puntillas 

Bronce y cobre en joyeria, en 
hojas y en libretes 

Bronce y cobre en piezas niqne- 
ladas para cualquier uso 

Bronce y cobre, en piezas, como 
adornos de toda clase, abraza- 
deras para cortinas, argollas, 
ganchos, balanzas, bisagras, 
botones para mixebles, cerra- 
duras para muebles 6 puertas, 
candados, cunas, camas, cer- 
rojoscruces, campanillas, cas- 
cabeles, cadenas, espuelas, es- 
tribos para galiipagos, filetes 
j)ara sillas de montar, esta- 
tuas, fallebas, galerias,j aulas, 
pesas, Haves para pipas, 
llamadores de puertas, palma- 
torias, caudeleros, pasadores, 
remaches, tornillos, tiradores 
para muebles, tejidos de 
alambre y utiles de escritorio, 
en piezas 6 para baterlas de 
cocina 6 uso dom^sticb 

Bronce y cobre manufacturado 
en plauchas, Mminas y alam- 
bre desde cuatro milimetros de 
di^metro, inclusive para abajo . 

Bronce y cobre, instrumentos 
cientificos 

Bronce y cobre en alambiques . . 

Cepillos para ropa, cabeza, dien- 
tes, Unas y otros semej antes .. 

Brochas de cualquiera clase 

Cepillos para zapatos, caballos 
y otros semej antes ordinarios. 



Derechos 
por kilo- 
gramo en 
moneda 
Salvado- 



SALVADOR. 



121 



ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 



Bugles, gold or silver embroidery 
wire, thread, andspaugles, che- 
nille, imitation sjiangles, etc., 
gilded or plated 

Buckles, wrought iron, tinned or 
japanned. (See iron) 



Buckles of all other classes or 

materials 

Buckskin. (See leather) 

Butter. (See foods) 



Buttons, mother-of-pearjj, silk, or 
wool 

Buttons, plated or gilded 

Buttons, all other classes not 
specified 

Cables or rojies of hemp, and 
tarred cordage 

Cages for birds, wire 

Cambric, linen. (See flax) 

Camphor. (See medicines) 

Canary seed. (See foods, etc). . . 

Candles, stearine 

Candles, tallow 

Candles, wax 

Canes, withhandles of ivory, tor- 
toise shell, mother-of-pearl, sil- 
ver, or gold, with or without 
sword 

Canes, of every other sort, with 
or without sword 

Canvas or Russia duck, of flax, 
-pure or mixed. (See flax) 

Caps and head dresses for men, 
women, and children, of all 
kinds not specified . . ^ 

Capers. (See foods, etc) 



Duty per 
pound in 
U. S. cur- 
rency. 



" Carbolineo avenarius," 

*. per 100 pounds . . 

Cards, playing, fine or common.. 

Cardboard, in articles for domes- 
tic use or in any other form not 
specified. (See paper) 

Cardboard, boxes, or in sheets 
for bookbinding, . lithograph- 
ing, photographing, and other 
industrial uses. (See paper) . . 

Cardboard, white, not sized, and 
colored for printing purposes. 
(See paper) 



ARTfCULO DE MERCANClA. 



Dollars. 



197 

,066 



.197 
.066 
.066 



.197 
,492 

,098 

.016 
,098 
,492 
,066 
.049 
.059 
.033 
.328 



1.31 
.656 
.164 



.492 
.066 



,164 
.098 



,098 

.009 
.033 



Canutillo, escarche, gusanillo, 
bricho, hojuela, lentejuela 
falsa, dorada 6 plateada 



Derecbos 
por kilo- 
gram o en 
moneda 
Salvado- 
reiia. 



Hevillas de hierro forjado esta- 
nadas 6 charoladas. (V^ase 
hierro) 

Hevillas de toda clase 6 materia 



Ante. ( Vease cueros) 

Manteqiiilla. (V^ase alimen 

tos) 

Botones de conchn-nacar, seda 

6 lana 

Botones plateados 6 dorados 

Botones de cualquier otra clase 

no denomiuada 

Cables 6 cuerdas de cdnamo 6 

embreados 

.1 aulas para pajaros, de alambre. 
Cambrayes de lino. (V€ase lino) . 
Alcanfor. (Vease medicinas) .. 
Alpiste. ( V^ase alimentos, etc) . 

Velas de estearina 

Velas de sebo 

Velas de cera 

Bastoues con mangos de marfil, 

carej^, concha-n^car, plata ii 

oro, con 6 sin estoque 



Bastoues de cualquier otra clase, 
con 6 sin estoque 

Lona 6 Eusias de lino, puro 6 
mezclado. (V^a.se lino) 

Gorras y cofias para hombres, 
mujeres y nifios de toda clase 
no especificada 

Alcaparras. (V^ase alimentos, 
etc) 

Carbolineo avenarius, 

los 100 kilos., 

Naij)es finos li. ordinarios 

Carton, enobjetosdeusodomes- 
tico 6 cualquier otra forma no 
especificada. (V^asejjapel). 

Cart6n,cajas 6 en hojas, para eu- 
cuadernaci6n, litografia, foto- 
graffa y para otros usos indus- 
triales. ( V^ase papel) 

Cart6n, bianco, sin cola, y de co- 
lores para imprentar. (V6ase 
papel) 



.60 



.20 
.60 

.20 

.20 

.60 
1.50 

.30 

.05 
.30 

1.50 
.20 
.15 
.18 
.10 

1.00 



4.00 

2.00 
.50 

1.50 

.20 

.50 
.30 

.30 

.03 
.10 



122 



SALVADOR. 



ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 



Cardboard, common. (See paper). 

Cardcases, of tortoise shell, 
mother-of-pearl, coral, ivory, or 
silver 

Cardcases, of auy other material 
not specified 

Carpets, mats, or rugs, woolen. 
(See wool) 

Carts and wheelbarrows, wooden, 
per 100 pounds . . 

Cases for instruments, of all kinds 
and materials, with or without 
contents 

Castor oil. (See medicines) 



Castors, with or without glass 
cruets 

Celluloid, in any form 

Chains, ivory, tortoise shell, or 

mother-of-pearl 

Chains, watch guards of every 

material not specified 

Chalk, for schools or billiards . . . 
Chandeliers. (See illuminating 

articles) 

Chimneys and globes for lamps, 

when imported with lamps. 

(See illuminating articles) 

Chimneys and globes for lamps, 
when imported separately, pay 
the same as hollow glass 

Chloroform. (See medicines) .. . 

Cigars 

Cigar cases of tortoise shell, 
ivory, silver, or mother-of- 
pearl. (See purses, etc) 

Cigar cases of any other mate- 
rial not specified 

Cinnamon, of all kinds 

Clocks, mantel, and other kinds 
not specified 



Clocks, tower 

Cloth, woolen, cassimere, broad- 
cloth, alpaca, challis, cur- 
tains, damask, serge, flannel, 
"grano de oro," muslin delaine, 
merino, and any other fabric 
of wool, pure or mixed, not 
specified , 



Duty per 
poimd in 
IJ. S. cur- 
rency. 



Dollars. 
.009 



,656 
164 

,164 
,164 



,656 
,033 



.492 
,197 

,656 

,197 
,033 



,082 



,033 
,066 
,656 



656 

197 
131 

,164 

.082 



.328 



ARTtCULO DE MERCANCfA. 



Cartdn, ordinairio. (V^ase 
papel) 

Tarjeteros de carey, concha-na- 
car, coral, marfil 6 plata 



otra 



Tarjetetos de cualquier 
materia no denomiuada 

Alfombras, tripe 6 mautilloues 
de lana. (Vlase lana) 

Carros y carretillas de madera, 
h)S 100 kilos.. 

Estuches 6 enseres de toda clase 
6 materia, con 6 sin utiles 



Aceite de castor. ( V^aee medi- 
cinas) 

Frasqueros de toda clase, con 6 
sin utiles de vidrio 

Celuloide en cualquiera forma. . 

Cadenas de marfil, carey 6 
concha-nacar 

Cadenas 6 leontinas de cualqui- 
era materia no denomiuada 

Yeso para escuelas 6 billares 

Arauas. (V6ase articulos de 
alumbrado) 

Tubos y giobos x^ara lamparas 
viniendo con lamparas. 
(V6ase articulos de alum- 
brado) 

Tubos y giobos para Ifimparas, 
cuando vengan solos, pa- 
gar^n como vidrios huecos 

Cloroformo. (Veasemediciuas) . 

Puros 

Cigarreras de carey, marfil, 
plata 6 concha-nacar. (V^ase 
porta-monedas, etc) 

Cigarreras de cualquier otra 
materia no denominada 

Canela y caneldn 

Relojes de mesa y otros de cual- 
quiera otra clase no de- 
nominados 

Relojes para torres 

Tela de lana, como casimire, 
pano, alpaca, chqjsly, corti- 
nas, damasco, filaila, frauela, 
grano de oro, lanilla 6 muse- 
lina, merino y otras telas de 
lana, pura 6 mezclada, no de- 
nominadas 



Derechos 
por kilo- 
gram o en 
moneda 
Salvado- 



Pesos. 
.03 
2.00 

.50 

.50 

.50 

2.00 



.10 

1.50 
.60 

2.00 

.60 
.10 

.25 



,25 



.10 

.20 
2.00 



2.00 

.60 
.40 



.50 
.25 



1.00 



SALVADOR. 



123 



AKTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 



Cloth, cassimere, cassinettes, or 
other similar goods of wool, 
pure or mixed, with warp of 
linen or cotton 

Clothing, ready made, cotton, of 
all kinds, for men. or women, 
i*ot specified. (See cotton) 

Clothing, ready made, woolen. 
(See wool) 

Clothing, ready made, silk. (See 
silk) 

Cloves. (See foods, etc) 

Coaches and carriages, of all 
kinds, and all their parts 

Cocoa. (See foods) 

Cocoanut oil 

Cocaine. (See medicines) 

Codfish, dried, salted, or smoked. 
(See foods) 

Cod liver oil, pure or in emul- 
sions. (See medicines) 

Cognac 

Collars and cuflfs, linen, j»ure or 
mixed. (See flax) 

Cologne 

Combs, of all kinds, of mother-of- 
pearl, ivory, or tortoise shell. . 

Comhs,etc., of any othermaterial. 

Concertinas of all classes and 

sizes. (See accordions) 

Coral, manufactured in any shape 

Coral, unmanufactured 

Cordage of all kinds 

Cordials. (See spirits) 

Coriander seed. (See foods, etc) . . 

Corks, of all kinds 

Corkscrews, of all kinds not 
specified 

Cornstarch (maizena). (See 
foods) 

Corsets, bustles, crinolines, and 
other similar articles 

Cotton, raw 

Cotton bedspreads, towels, ''pe- 
rrajes," ponchos, serapes, ham- 
mocks, napkins, tablecloths, 
and material for the same 



Duty per 
pound in 
U. S. cur- 
rency. 



Dollars. 



.328 

.656 

.98 

1.97 
.049 

.066 

.033 
.026 
.328 

.049 

.033 
.197 

.492 
.098 

.656 

.197 

.066 
2.30 

1.64 
.066 
.197 

.049 
.197 

.115 

.013 

.492 
.007 



164 



ARTlCTJLO DE MEBCANCf A. 



Pano, casimir, casinetes y otros 
g^neros semej antes de lana 
pura 6 mezclada con cada de 
lino 6 algodon 

Eopa hecha de algodon, de toda 
clase, para hombre 6mujer, no 
especificada. (Vease algodon) 

Eopa hecha de lana. (V^ase 
lana) 

Eopa hecha de seda. (V6ase 
seda) 

Clavos de olor. (V^asealimen- 
tos) 

Coches 6 carruajes de toda 
clase 6 cualquiera parte de 
ellos 

Cacao. (V^ase alimentos) 

Aceite de coco 

Cocaina. (V^ase medicinas) .. 

Bacalao, secado, salado 6 ahu- 
mado. (V6ase alimentos) . . . 

Aceite de bacalao puro 6 emul- 
sianado. (V6ase medicinas) . 

Cognac 

Cuellos y punos, de lino puro 6 
mezclado. (V^ase lino) 

Agua de colonia 

Peiues, peinetas, peinetillas y 
escarmenadoresde concha-n^- 
car, marfil 6 carey 

Peines, los mismos, de cualquier 
otra clase 

Concertinas de toda clase 6 
tamano. (V^ase acordiones) 

Coral labrado en cualquiera 
forma 

Coral en bruto 

Jarcia de toda clase 

Mixtelas, cremas. (V^ase agu- 
ardientes) 

Culantro. (V6ase alimentos) . 

Corchos de toda clase 

Tirabuzones de clases no espeoi- 
ficadas 

Maicena. (V^ase alimentos.) . . 

Corses, polisones, crinolinas y 
otros postizos semejantes 

Algod6n en rama 

Algod6n en colchas, tohallas, pe- 
rrajes, ponchos, zarapes, ha- 
macas, servilletas, manteles y 
en g^nero para ^stos 



Derechos 
per kilo- 
gramo en 
moneda 
Salvado- 
reSa. 



1.00 

2.00 

3.00 

6.00 

.15 



.20 

.10 

.08 

1.00 

.15 

.10 
.60 

1.50 
.30 



2.00 

.60 

.20 

7.00 

5.00 

.20 

.60 
.15 
.60 

.35 

.04 



1.50 
.02 



.50 



124 



SALVADOR. 



ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 



Cotton cloths, bleached, plain, 
without sewing, work, or em- 
broidery of any kind, as ma- 
dapollans, bogotanas, calico, 
family cloth, croidon, "estri- 
billas," canvas, embroidering 
canvas, creas, and other simi- 
lar goods 

Cotton cloths, unbleached, such 
as "manta and manta dril". .. 

Cotton, drills of all classes, such 
as piqu6, canton, manta-dril, 
bleached or colored, and simi- 
lar goods 

Cotton, handkerchiefs and 
shawls of all kinds 

Cotton, laces, embroidered edg- 
ings, and insertions 

Cotton match ropes for smokers . . 

Cotton, "rebozos" and cloth for 
the same, in imitation of cloth 
of the country 

Cotton, sandies, cretous of all 
classes, plain or worked, and 
all other similar cloths 

Cotton, shirts, with bosoms and 
cuffs of linen 

Cotton, stockings, socks, shirts, 
undershirts, drawers, and in 
general all kinds of under- 
wear, without embroidery or 
lace of any kind 

Cotton, tapes, plain or twilled, 
white or colored, for shoe- 
makers and harness-makers, 
and " Castile tape" 

Cc+ton, tapes, braids, fringes, 
galloons, cords, belts, sashes, 
garters, and in general all 
classes of ornaments and man- 
ufactured articles not men- 
tioned 

Cotton thread for sewing or em- 
broidering, all classes and col- 
ors 



Duty per 
pound in 
U. S. cur- 
rency 



Dollars. 



.148 
,098 

,197 

,226 

,82 
,262 

,82 

,197 

,328 

,262 
,164 



,328 
,164 



ARTfCULO OF MERCANCIA. 



Algoddn en telas blanqueadas, 
lisas, sin costura, labrado ni 
bordado alguno, como las co- 
nocidas con los nombres dema- 
dapollan, bogotana, called, 
genero de familia, croid6n, 
estribillas, lonas, canamazo 
para borclar, creas y otras 
semejantes 

Algod6n en telas crudas, como 
manta y manta-dril 

Algodon en driles de toda clase, 
en panilla, cantuna, manta- 
dril, blanqueada 6 color, y 
otros semejantes 

Algodon en jjanuelos y panolo- 
nes de toda clase 

Algodon en encajes, tiras bor- 
dadas y embutidos 

Algod6n en 3nechas de algoddn 
para fumadores 

Algod.6n en rebozos y telas para 
rebozos, imitando los del pais . 

Algoddn en s^ndalo, zarazas de 
toda clase, lisos 6 labrados y 
dem^s telas semejantes 

Algod6n en camisas con pechera 
y puiios de lino 

Algod6n en medias y calcetines, 
en camisas, camisetas, calzon- 
cillos y en general toda clase 
de ropa interior sin encaje ni 
bordado alguno 

Algodon en cintas lisas 6 asarga- 
das, blancas 6 de color, para 
zapaterias y talabarterias, y 
en cinta llamada "de Cas- 
tilla" 

Algoddn en cintas, trencillas, 
flecos, galones, cordones, fa- 
jas, cinturones, ataderas y en 
general toda clase de adornos 
y objetos fabricados no men- 
cionados 

Algod6n en hilo para coser 6 
bordar de toda clase y color. . 



SALVADOR. 



125 



ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 



Cotton velvet, white or colored 
cloths, without needlework or 
enibroidery of any kind, as 
cambrics, gauze, lace, bishop's 
lawn, holland, muslin, and 

other similar goods 

• 

Cotton yarns, colored, for weav- 
ing 

Cotton yarn, bleached or un- 
bleached, for weaving and in 
cords 

Cotton-seed oil 

Crayon for drawing 

Cream of tartar. (See medicines) 

Crockery, pieces for domestic 
purposes and other forms not 
exijressed. By crockery is un- 
derstood ware that is not trans- 
parent 

Crockery, toys, flowers, or statu- 
ettes 

Crosses and crucifixes, of mate- 

» rial not specified 

Cuff-buttons or sets of buttons, 
silver, tortoise shell, ivory, or 
mother-of-pearl 

Cuff-buttons, or sets of buttons 
of any other material not speci- 
fied 

Curry powder. (See foods, etc). 

Cumin. (See foods, etc) 

Daggers. (See iron) 

Daggers, with leather scab- 
bards. (See iron) 

Daggers, with ivory, tortoise 
shell, silver, or mother-of-pearl 
handle 

Damask, linen. (See flax) 

Damask, silk. (See silk) 

Damask, woolen. (See wool) 

Dates. (See foods) 

Diamonds and other precious 
stones. (See jewelry) 

Diamonds, mounted for cutting 
glass 

Distilling apparatus of all kinds. 
(See filters) 

Doors, wooden. (See wood) 

Drawing, copies. (See paper)... 



Duty per 
pound in 
U.S. cur- 
rency. 



ARTlCULO DE MERCANCf A. 



Dollars. 



,328 



,033 



,016 
.026 
,197 
.066 



.026 
.098 
.197 

.656 



.262 
.066 
.049 
.066 

.131 



.656 
.328 
1.64 
.328 
.066 

3.28 

.656 

.003 
.016 

.016 



Algod6n en pana, telas blancas 
6 de color, sin costuranibor- 
dada alguno, como cambray 
clarin, gasas, punto, cambray 
de obispo, holan, muselina, 
cambray pirujo y otros seme- 
jantes 

Algodon en hilo de color para 
tej er 

Algoddn en hilo crudo 6 
blanqueado para tejer y en 
cordelas 

Aceite de algod6n 

Carboncillo para dibujo 

Cremor. (V^ase medicinas) . . . 

Loza fabricada en piezas de ser- 
vicio dom^stico y en otras for- 
mas no expresadas. Enti6n- 
dasepor la loza la que no sea 
trasparente 

Loza en juguetes, flores 6 figu- 
ras 

Cruces 6 crucifijos de materias 
no denominadas 

Mancuernillas 6 juegos de bo- 
tones de plata, carey, marfil 6 
concha-nacar 

Mancuernillas 6 los mismos de 
cualquier otra materia no de- 
nominada 

Curri6. (V^ase alimentos) .... 

Comino. (V6ase alimentos) . . . 

Dagas. (V^ase hierro) 

Dagas, con vainas de cuero. 
(V^ase hierro) 

Dagas, con mango de marfil, 
carey, plata 6 concha-n^car. . 

Damasco de lino . ( V^ase lino ) . 
Damasco de seda. (V^ase seda) 
Damasco de lana. (V6ase lana) 
D^tiles. (V^ase alimentos) ... 
Diamantes y dem^s piedras pre- 

ciosas. (V^ase joyeria) 

Diamantes montados para cor- 

tar vidrios 

Destiladera de toda clase. 

(V6ase filtros) 

Puertas de madera. ( V^ase ma- 

dera) 

Modelos para dibujo. (Vease 

papel) 



Derechos 
por kilo- 
gram o en 
moneda 
Salvado- 
reiia. 



1.00 
.10 



.05 
.08 
.60 
.20 



.08 
.30 
.60 

2.00 

.80 
.20 
.15 
.20 

.40 

2.00 

1.00 

5.00 

1.00 

.20 

10.00 

2.00 

.01 

.05 

.05 



126 



SALVADOR. 



ARTICLE OF MEKCHANDISE. 



Drills, crude, white or colored. 

(See flax) 

Drugs. (See medicines.) 
Elastic, of every kind, for shoes 

or other purposes - 

Emery powder, for polishing and 

other uses 

Envelopes. (See paper) 

Epaulets, gold or gilded 

Epaulets, silver or silver plated. . 

Epsom salts. (See medicines) .. . 

Essences for flavoring spirits 

Eyelets for clothing, shoes, and 
other uses 

Fans, with frame of ivory, 
mother-of-pearl, metal, or tor- 
toise shell 

Fans, paper or palm 

Fans, everv other class not speci- 
fied.....' 

Feathers, of all kinds, for orna- 
ments 

Feather dusters of all kinds 

Figs. (See foods) 

Filters, distilling apparatus of all 
kinds 

Firecrackers (Chinese) and fire- 
works 

Fish, dried, salted, or smoked... 

Fish, prepared in vessels of tin, 
glass, or earthenware. (See 
foods) 

Flannel. (See wool) 

Flasks, glass, plain. (See glass) . 

Flax (linen), pure or mixed, can- 
vas or Russia duck 

Flax, pure or mixed, crude drills, 
white or colored 

Flax, pure or mixed, fine dress 
goods, such as Irish linens, cam- 
brics, batistes, and all other 
materialfor dresses and other 
uses, handkerchiefs, under- 
shirts, drawers, stockings, 



Duty per 
pound in 
TT. S. cur- 
rency. 



Dollars. 
.164 

.164 

.033 
.065 

1.64 
.656 
.013 

3.28 

.197 

1.31 
.098 

.656 

1.64 
.262 

.066 

.003 

.197 
.049 



.066 
.328 
.009 



.164 
.164 



AETfCULO DE MEKCANClA. 



Driles, crudos, blancos 6 de 

color. (V^ase lino) 

Drogas. (V^ase medicinas.) 
EMstico de toda clase para cal- 

zado u otros usos 

Esmeril en polvo para plateros 

il otros usos 

Cubiertos 6 sobres para cartas. 

(V^ase papel) i 

Charreteras de oro 6 sobre-dora- 

das ". 

Charreteras de plata 6 platea- 

das 

Sal de Ingleterra. (V6ase medi- 

cinas) 

Esencias para confeccionar 

aguardientes 

Ojetes de metal para ropa, cal- 

zado y otros usos 

Abanicos, con armazon de mar- 

fil, concha-n^car, metal, carey 

Abanicos, de papel 6 palma 

Abanicos, de cualquier otra 

clase no denominada 

Plumas de toda clase para ador- 

nos 

Plumeros para sacudir, de toda 

clase ■ 

Higos. (V^ase alimentos). .. . 
Filtros, destiladera de toda clase 

Cohetillos chinos y fuegos arti- 
ficial es 

Pescados, secados, salados 6 
ahumados. (V6ase alimentos) 

Pescados, preparados en botes 
de lata,vidrio 6 barro. ( V^ase 
alimentos) — 

Franela. ( Vease lana) 

Frascos de vidrio liso. (V^ase 
vidrio) 

Lino, puro 6 mezclado en lonas 
6 rusias 

Lino, puro 6 mezclado, en driles 
crudos, blancos 6 de color — 

Lino, puro 6 mezclado, en telas 
finas, como Irlandas, cam- 
brayes, batistas y toda otra 
tela para vestidos u otros usos, 
panuelos, camisetas, calzon- 
cillos, medias, calcetines (es- 



Derechos 
por kilo- 
gramo en 
raoneda 
Salvado- 



SALVADOR. 



127 



ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 



socks, cuffs, coUai'S, men's 
shirts, and other similar' arti- 
cles not sj)ecified 

Flax or hemp, pure or mixed, 
laces, embroidered edgings, 
and insertings 

Flax or hemp, pure or mixed, 
nankeens 

Flax, pure or mixed, plain or 
worked goods, white or colored 
(except crude drills), such as 
crash, silesia, damask, or other 
goods for tablecloths, towels, 
bedspreads, sheetings, mattress 
covers, and for other similar 
purposes not specified, without 
any needlework or embroidery 



Flax or hemp, pure or mixed, 
ready-made clothing, and all 
classes of articles orobjectsnot 
specified 

Flax or hemp, ropes, cables, or 
tarred cordage 

Flax, pure or mixed, sacks, bags 
(empty) ; in canyas, tarred or 
not, and hemp thread, not 
twisted, for sewing bags , 

Flax or hemp, pure or mixed, 
tapes, braids, fringes, and other 
similar articles not specified . . 

Flax or hemp, pure or mixed, 
sewing thread 

Flax, or thread of agaye, 
twisted 

Florida water 

Floiir. (See foods) 

Flowers, artificial, of cotton, or 
any other material not speci- 
fied 

Flowers, artificial, prepared ma- 
terial of all kinds for, not speci- 
fied 

Food, bonbons, pastilles, choco- 
late, and other sweetmeats 

Food, bi-andied fruits 

Foods, cinnamon of all kinds . 



Duty per 
pound in 
U. S. cur- 
rency. 



Dollars. 

.492 

.984 
.164 



,328 



.82 
.016 

.016 

.492 

.262 

.066 
.098 
.013 

1.64 

.328 

.066 
.082 
.131 



ARTfCULO DE MERCANCf A. 



carpines), punos y cuellos, 
camisas para hombre y otros 
semej antes no expresados 

Lino 6 canamo, puro 6 mezcla- 
do, en encajes, tiras bordadas 
y embutidos 

Lino 6 canamo, puro 6 mezcla- 
do, en coletas 

Lino, puro 6 mezclado, en telas 
lisas 6 labradas, blancas 6 de 
color (exceptu^ndose los driles 
crudos), como las creas, pla- 
tillas, alemanisco, 6 sea g^- 
nero para manteles, tohallas, 
cobertores para cama, g^nero 
para siibanas y para forros de 
colchdn y los dem^s semej an- 
tes no expresados, sin costura 
ni bordado alguno 

Lino 6 c^uamo, puro 6 mezclado, 
eu ropa hecha y en toda clase 
de utiles u objetos no denoml- 
nados 

Lino 6 c^uomo,encuerdas, cables 
6 embreados 

Lino puro 6 mezclado en sacos, 
costales vacios, en canamo 6 
canamazo, embreados 6 sin 
embrear y en hilo de canamo 
sin torcer, para coser sacos.. . . . 

Lino 6 c^iiamo, puro 6 mezclado, 
en cintas, trencilla, flecos y 
dem^s semej antes no especifi- 
cados 

Lino 6 canamo puro 6 mezclado 
en hilos para coser 

Lino, 6 pita de canamo torcida. 

Agua de florida 

Harina. (V6ase alimentos) 

Flores artificiales, de algoddn 
6 de cualquier otra materia 
no denomiuada 

Flores artificiales (material pre- 
pardo para), de toda clase no 
denominada 

Alimentos, confites, pastil! as, 
chocolate y otros dulces 

Alimentos, frutas en aguardiente 

Alimentos, canela y canel6n 



Derechos 
por kilo- 
gram o en 
moneda 
Salvado- 



Pesos. 

1.50 

3.00 
.50 



LOO 

2.50 
.05 

.05 



1.50 

.80 
.20 

.30 
.04 



5.00 



1.00 

.20 
.25 
.40 



128 



SALVADOR. 



ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 



Foods, common salt 

Foods and condiments, fresh 
fruits, onions, beans, pulse, leu- 
tils, potatoes, and all kinds of 
vegetables in their natural 
state without preparation 

Foods, corn starch, vermicelli, 
and macaroni 

Foods, flour, vinegar 

Foods, herrings, cod, and other 
fish, not further prepared 
■ than dried, salted, or smoked, 
and meats of all kinds not con- 
tained in vessels of glass, tin, 
or other material 

Foods, lavender, canary seed, 
aniseed, cloves, cumin, corian- 
der seed, and pepper 

Foods, mustard, poAvdered, nut- 
megs, and tea 

Foods, olives, capers, pick- 
les, mustard prepared, curry, 
sauces of all kinds, vegetables, 
truffles, butter, fish, and meat 
of all kinds prepared in vessels 
of tin, glass, earthenware or 
canvas covered ; dried fruits, 
shelled, raisins, figs, prunes, 
and dates; fruits preserved 
in water and syrup ; biscuits of 
all kinds, dry and sweet; cheese 
of all kinds ; sugar 



Foods, saffron, edible 

Foods, sago, tapioca, and other 
flours and alimentary pastes; 
cocoa ; syrups without alcohol ; 
fruits with shells, such as 
almonds, filberts, nuts, and 
others similar, and lard 

Foods, wheat, oats, barley, and 
all other cereals not speci- 
fied 

Fountains or fonts, iron. (See 
iron) 

Fountains, iron, japanned. (See 
iron) 

Fountains, marble. (See marble) 



Duty per 
pound in 
U. S. cur- 
rency. 



Dollars. 
.006 



.006 



.013 
.013 



.049 

.049 
.098 



.066 

.984 



.033 

.006 

,026 

.131 
.007 



ARTfCULO DE MERCANClA. 



Derechos 
por kilo- 
gramo en 
moneda 
Salvado- 



Alimentos, sal comiin 

Alimentos y condimentos, frutas 
frescas, cebollas, habas, gar- 
banzos, lentej as, papas y toda 
legumbre en estado natural sin 
preparar 

Alimentos, maicena, fideos y 
macarrones 

Alimentos, harina, vinagre 

Alimentos y condimentos, areu- 
ques, bacalao u otros pesca- 
dos, sin m^s preparaciou que 
secados, salados 6 ahimiados, 
y carnes de toda clase no con- 
tenidas en botes de vidrio, 
lata 6 de otra materia 

Alimentos, alhucema, alpiste, 
anis, clavo de olor, comino, 
culantro y pimienta 

Alimentos, mostaza en polvo, 
nuez-moscada y t6 

Alimentos, aceitunas, alcapa- 
rras, encurtidos, mostaza pre- 
parada, curri^, salsas de to- 
da clase, legumbres, trufas, 
mantequilla, pescados y carnes 
de toda clase, preparados en 
botes de lata, vidrio, barro 6 
brin ; frutas secas sin c^scara, 
pasas, higos, ciruelas, diitiles ; 
frutas conservadas en agua y 
almibar; galletas de toda 
clase, secas y dulces; quesos 
de toda clase ; azucar 

Azafr^n de comer 

Alimentos, sagii, tapioca y 
dem^s hariuas y pastas ali- 
menticias; cacao; jarabessin 
alcohol, frutas con c^scara, 
como almendras, avellanas, 
nueces y otras semej antes; 
manteca de puerco 

Alimentos, trigo, avena, cebada 
y dem^s cereales no deno- 
minados 

Fuentesopilasdehierro. (V6ase 
hierro) - 

Fueutes de hierro, charolado. 
( V^ase hierro) 

Fuentesdem^rmol. (V^asemar- 
mol) 



SALVADOR. 



129 



AETICLE OF MERCHAlfDISE. 



Forks. (See knives) 

Fringes, cotton. (See cotton) . . 



Fringes, silk. (See silk) 

Fringes, woolen. (See wool) . . . 
Fruits, branclied. (See foods). 

Fruits, dried,sliellecl. (See foods) 

Fruits with shells, such as al- 
monds,iilberts,uuts and others. 
(See foods) 

Fruits, fresh. (See foods) 



Fruits, preserved in water and 

syrup. (See foods) 

Furnaces, assaying. (See iron) . . 

Furniture, bronze or brass. (See 

bronze) 

Furniture, iron. (See iron) 



Furniture, wooden, of all kinds. 

(See wood) 

Galloons or threads of silver or 

gold 

Galloons, cotton. (See cotton). . 

Galvanized or tinned iron for 
roofs. (See iron) 

Garters, cotton. (See cotton) 



Garters, silk. (See silk) 

Gasoline. (See oil) 

Gasometers and illuuiinatiug ap- 
paratus, excluding lamps. (See 
iron) per 100 pounds. . 

Gauzes, cotton. (See cotton) 

Gauzes, with silver and tinsel 
thread 

Gin. (See spirits) 

Ginger ale 

Girdles, silk. (See silk) 

Glass and glassware, common 
bottles, plain flasks, large bot- 
tles and demijohns, empty 



Glass, etc., hollowed glassware, 
in vases, tumblers, cuj)S, gob- 
lets, tubes, flower shades, 
plates, and all other articles of 
glass not specified 



Duty per 
pound in 
U. S. cur- 
rency. 



Dollars. 

.328 

1.97 
.983 
.085 

.066 



,033 
,006 

,066 
,164 



,197 
,033 



,066 

.82 

,328 



,164 
,328 

,984 
,026 



,164 
,328 



,098 
,197 
,009 
,984 



,009 



,033 



ARTfCULO DE MERCANCf A. 



Tenedores. (V^ase cuchillos).. 
Franjas dealgoddu. (V6aseal- 

god6n) 

Franjas de seda. (Vc^ase seda) . . 
Franjas de lana. (V(5ase lana) . . 
Frutas en aguardiente. (V^ase 

alimentos) 

Frutas secas, sin c^scara. ( V^ase 

alimentos) 

Frvitas con c^scara, como al- 

mendras, avellanas, nueces y 

otras. (V^ase alimentos) 

Frutas frescas. (Vease alimen- 
tos) 

Frutas conservadas en agua y 

almibar. (V6ase alimentos) . . 
Hornillasparaensayos. (Vease 

hierro) 

Muebles de bronce 6 laton. 

(Vdase bronce) 

Muebles de hierro. (V6ase 

hierro) 

Muebles de madera de toda clase. 

(Vease madera) 

Galones 6 hilos de plata u oro . . . 

Galones de algodon. (Vease al- 
godon) 

Hierro gah^anizado 6 estauado 
para techos 

Ataderas de algodon. (Vease 
algodon) 

Ataderas de seda. (Vease seda) . 

Gasolina. (V^ase aceite) 

Gasdmetros y aparatos de alum- 
brado, excluyendo las Mmpa- 
ras. (V6asehierro)losl00 kilos. 

Gasas de algod6n. (Vease algo- 
don) 

Gasas abrillantadas, con tejidos 
de plata u oro falso 

Ginebra. (Vease aguardientes) . 

Cerveza de jengibre 

Cinturonesdeseda. (Vease seda) 

Vidrio y cristaleria, botellas 
comunes, frascos de vidrio 
liso, botellones 6 damajuanas 
vacios 

Vidrio y cristaleria, cristal 6 
vidrio hueco, en vasos, copas, 
garrafas, tubos, fl o r e r o s , 
platos y todo articulo de 
solo vidio 6 cristal, no de- 
nominado 



Derechos 
por kilo- 
gramo en 
moneda 
Salvado- 
rena. 

Pesos. 



1.00 
6.00 
3.00 

.25 

.20 



.10 

.02 

.20 

.50 

.60 

.10 

.20 
2.50 

1.00 

.50 

1.00 

3.00 

.08 



.50 
1.00 

.30 

.60 

.03 

3.00 



.03 



.10 



Bull. 58- 



130 



SALVADOR. 



AETICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 



Glass, lamps, etc. (See illumi- 
nating articles.) 

Glass, ftc, mirrors, witli or with- 
out frames, toys, buttons 

Glass, etc., tiles, plate glass, 
white and colored, without 
painting or silvering 

Glass, etc., watch crystals 

Glasses, cupping. (See medi- 
cines) 

Glasses, opera and field, mounted 
in silver, tortoise shell, mother 
of pearl, or ivory 

Glasses, opera and field, mounted 
in any other material 



Gloves, buckskin, and gauntlets, 
for fencing. (See leather) . 



Gloves, kid, and other kinds of 

fine gloves. (See leather) 

Gloves, woolen. (See wool) 

Glue, of all kinds 

Gold, jewelry .' 

Gold leaf, for gilding 



Gum arable. (See medicines) . . , 
Guns, breech-loading 



Guns, muzzle-loading, of all 
kinds, with or without appur- 
tenances 

Grains not specified 

Gypsum, calcined, in powder 

Hair, horse, loose or in pillows, 
mattresses, cloth for furniture, 
and in any other form not spec- 
ified 

Hair, human, genuine or imita- 
tion, manufactured or not 

Hairpins. (See pins, etc) 



Hammers. (See tools) 

Hammocks, cotton. (See cotton) . 

Handkerchiefs, cotton. (See cot- 
ton) 

Handkerchiefs, linen. (Seeflax). 
Handkerchiefs, silk. (See silk) . . 



Duty per 
pouiid in 
U. S. cur- 
rency. 



Dollars. 



.098 



.016 
.328 

.066 



1.31 
.656 

.328 



.82 
.656 
.033 
3.28 
2.62 

.066 

.656 



.328 
.006 
.006 



.098 

3.28 
.197 



,164 



.226 
.492 
1.64 



AETlCTJLO DE MEECANClA. 



Vidrio en articulos de alumbra- 
do. ( V^ase esta palabra. ) 

Vidrio, espejos con 6 sin mar- 
cos, juguetes, botones 

Vidrio, etc., tejas de vidrio, 
vidrios pianos, blancos y de 
color sin pintura ni esta no 

Vidrio para reloj es 

Ventosas. (V^ase medicinas) . . . 

Anteojos para teatro 6 de larga 
vista, guarnicion de plata, 
carey, concha-niicar 6 marfil.. 

Anteojos para teatro 6 de larga 
vista, con guarnici6n de cual- 
quier otra materia 

Guantes de ante y manoplas para 
juegos de florete. (V^ase 
cueros) 

Guantes de cabritilla y otras 
clases finos. ( V6ase cueros) . . 

Guantes de lana. (Vease lana) . 

Cola de toda clase 

Oroen joyas 

Oro manufacturdo en hojas para 
dorar 

Goma ar^biga. (Vease medi- 
cinas) 

Escopetas de cargar por la recii- 
mara 

Escopetas de piston de toda 
clase, con 6 sin utiles 



Cereales no mencionados 

Yeso calcinado en polvo 

Cerdas 6 crines sneltas 6 en al- 

mohadas, colchones, telas, 

para muebles y en cualquier 

otra forma no denominada 

Cabello 6 pelo humauo 6 de imi- 

tacidn eu bruto 6 en adoruo .. 
Horquillas. (V6ase alfileres, 

etc) 

Martillos. (Vease herramien- 

tas) 

Hamacas de algod<5n. (V6ase 

algodon) 

Pauuelos de algond6n. (V^ase 

algod6n) 

Pauuelos de lino. (V^ase lino) . . 
Paiiuelos de seda. (V6ase seda) . 



Derechos 
por kilo- 
gramo en 
moneda 
Salvado- 



SALVADOR. 



131 



AKTICLE OF MEECHASTDISB. 


Duty per 
pound in 
TJ. S. cur- 
rency. 


ARTfCULO DE MERCANCfA. 


Derechos 
por kilo- 
gramo en 
moneda 
Salvado- 
reiia. 


Harnesses. (See leather) 

Hats, esparto grass, for ladies 
and children, with or without 


Dollars. 
.229 

.492 
1.64 

.492 

.492 
.115 

.033 

.197 
.115 

.164 

.164 
.066 

.082 
.033 

.082 

.082 

.098 
.033 

.164 

.026 

.197 

.328 
.164 


Ameses. (V^asecueroj 

Sombreros de esparteria, para 
senoras 6 niiios, con 6 sin 
adornos 


Pesos. 
.70 

1.50 


Hats, Panama and palm 


Sombreros de junco y jipijapa.. 

Sombreros 6 gorras para senoras 
6 ninos de cualquier otra 
clase no denominada 

Sombreros y gorras 6 cofias de 
cualquiera clase no denomi- 
nada, para hombres y ninos .. 

Hachuelas. (V6ase hierro) 

Ccinamo. (V^ase lino) 


5.00 


Hats, bonnets, or caps for ladies 
or children, of any other kind 
not specified 


1.50 


Hats, caps, and headdresses of all 
kinds not specified, for men 
and children 


1.50 


Hatchets. (See iron) 


.35 






Henbane. (See medicines) 

Hooks and eyes and clasps of 
wire of every kind 


Beleno. (V^ase medicinas) 

Broches 6 corchetes de alambre 
de cualquiera clase 


.10 
,60 


Hooks, fish. (See iron) 

Hoops, wooden, and hoop poles. 
(See wood) . . .per 100 pounds. - 


Anzuelos. (V^ase hierro) 

Arcos de madera y flejes j)ara 
bariles. (V^ase madera) 
los 100 kilos. . 


.35 
.50 


Houses, iron, portable. (See 

iron) per 100 jiounds. . 

Hydrometers 


Casas desarmadas de hierro. 

( V6ase hierro) . .los 100 kilos . . 

Pesa-licores 


.50 
.05 


Illuminating articles, chande- 
liers, lanterns, lamps of glass, 
crystal, porcelain, etc., chim- 
neys, globes, shades, when im- 
ported with lamps 


Alumbrado (articulos de), ara- 
nas, faroles y Mmparas de vid- 
rio, cristal, porcelana, etc., 
tubos, globos, pantallas, vi- 
niendo con l^mparas 


.25 


Illuminating articles, chimneys 
and globes for lamias, when im- 
ported separately, pay the same 
as hollow glassware 


Alumbrado (articulos de), los 
tubos y globos jsara Mmparas, 
cuando vengan solos, pagar^n 
como vidrios huecos 


.10 


Illuminating articles, holders, 
brackets, bottoms, stands, 
burners, and other accessories 
for lamps, not otherwise speci- 
fied 


Alumbrado (articulos de), re- 
cipieutes, depositos, brazos, 
arcos, quemadores y todo ac- 
cesorio para lamparas, no de- 
nominado . . . 


.25 


Illuminating articles, cotton and 
wicks for lamps 


Alumbrado (articulos de), pa- 
bilo y mechas para Mmparas . . 

Figuras y munecas de toda clase 
y materia no denominada 

Caucho en bruto 


.25 


Images and dolls of all kinds and 

materials not specified 

India rubber, unmanufactured 


.30 
.10 


India-rubber belts or pieces for 
machinery per 100 pounds . . 

India-rubber covers for floors 
and wagons 


Caucho en fajas 6 piezas para 
maquinarias los 100 kilos . . 

Caucho para pisos y toldos de 
carreta 


.50 

.08 


India-rubber articles not speci- 
fied 


Caucho manufacturado en ob- 
jetos no especificados 

Caucho en capas, zapatos, botas 
y otros semej antes de toda 
clase 


.60 


India rubber, waterproof coats, 
shoes, boots, and other similar 
articles of every kind 


1.00 


India rubber, valve packing, 
per 100 pounds . . 


Caucho jiara empaques de vfil- 
i vulas los 100 kilos . . 


.50 



132 



SALVADOR. 



ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 



India rubber, waterproof for ta- 
ble covers and. other purposes , 
Inlc, for printing or lithf>grapb- 

iQg --. 

Inlc, for writing or marking 

Inkstands, wooden. (See wood). 

Instruments, musical, such as 
pianos, organs, etc 

Instruments, musical, of any 
other class, not specified 

Instruments, scientific, not speci- 
fied 

Instruments, surgical, with or 
without case. (See iron) 

Iron articles, such as adzes, 
braces, bits, augers, gimlets, 
drills, chisels, gouges, trowels, 
jackplanes, planes, channeling 
planes, haminers, screwdrivers, 
squares, plumbs, compasses, 
and all other fine tools, with or 
without wooden handles, for 
artisans 



Iron articles, such as kettles, an- 
vils, hand vises, hammers, and 
pinchers for blacksmiths, por- 
table forges, bottle-carriers, 
traps for moles and rats, rivets, 
stone-hammers, spikes, and all 
other tools and implements of 
this kind not specified 



Duty per 

pound ill 

IT. S. CUT - 

rency. 



ARTfCULO DE MERCANCfA. 



Iron gratings 

Iron, bits for animals, spurs, stir- 
rups, thimbles, links, steels, 
hatchets, fishhooks, wrenches, 
corkscrews, and all other ob- 
jects of this kind not specified. 



Iron, cast, cookstoves, cooking 
ntensils, fountains or fonts, 
flower and plant vases, ovens, 
portable stoves, mortars, hand 
mills for coffee and other uses, 
letter presses, platform scales, 
balances, hand tools, statues, 



Dollars. 

.131 

.003 
.033 
.082 

• 

.066 
.131 

.328 
.328 



,115 



.033 
.026 

.115 



Caucho en ahulados 6 encerados 

para carpetas li otros usos 

Tinta para imprenta 6 litografia. 

Tinta para escribir 6 marcar . . . 

Tinteros de madera. (Vease 

madera) 

Instrumentos de miisica, como 
pianos, drganos, etc 

Instrumentos de miisica de 
cualquier otra clase no de- 
nominada 

Instrumentos cientificos no de- 
nominados 

Instrumentos de cirugia, con 6 
sin estuche ( Vease hierro) . . . 

Hierro en piezas, como azuelas, 
berbiques, brocas, barrenos, 
taladros, tarrajas, escoplos, 
formones, gurvias, trullas, (6 
sean cucharas de albanil), gar- 
lopas, garlopiiies, cepillos, 
guiamenes, acanaladores, 
martillos, destornilladores, 
escuadras, plomadas, com- 
pases y demas herraiuientas 
finas, con 6 sin mango de uia- 
dera, para artesanos 

Hierro en piezas, como peroles, 
yunques, eiitanallas, mazos y 
pinzas para herreros, fraguas 
portatiles, porta -botellas, 
tranqias para topos 6 ratas, 
remaches, martillos para rom- 
per piedra, periios y demits 
herramieiitas y utiles por el 
estilo, no denominados 

Hierro en verjas 

Hierro en piezas, como frenos 
para bestias, espuelas, estri- 
boss, para gaMpagos, dedales, 
eslabones, afiladoras, hachue- 
las, anzuelos. Haves maestras, 
tirabuzoiies y demas objetos 
por el estilo, no especificados . 

Hierro fundido en piezas, como 
cocinas, baterias de cocina, 
fuentes 6 pilas, vasos para 
flores 6 plantas, hornillas, 
anafes, alinireces, molinos 
para caf6 u otros usos, jiren- 
sas para cartas, romanas de 



Derechos 
por kilo- 
gram o en 
moiieda 
Salvado- 
rena. 



SALVADOR. 



133 



ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 



tailors' irons, and other similar 
objects 



Iron, cast, enameled, in articles 
for domestic and other uses 

Iron, bars, plates, and sheets 

Iron, cast, sadirons and weights. 

Iron, cooking utensils 



Iron, japanned, manufactured in 
articles such as waiters, su- 
gar bowls, trays, cash boxes, 
basins, water pipes, table cas- 
ters, fountains, fruit stands, 
watering pots, and all other 
objects for domestic and other 
uses 



Iron, knives, daggers, or pon- 
iards, with ivory, tortoise 
shell, silver, or mother of pearl 
handle 

Iron, machetes, daggers, knives, 
and poniards 

Iron, the same, with leather 
scabbards 

Iron, mattocks, shovels, rakes, 
picks, bars, crowbars, sickles, 
hatchets, pruning knives, 
axes, plow points, and all other 
ordinary implements of this 
kind 

Iron, nails, tacks, and brads of 
all kinds 

Iron, cradles, beds, cots, camp 
stools, sofas, and other arti- 
cles of furniture 

Iron, locks for doors, windows, 
or furniture, padlocks, rings, 
bolts, hasjis, door knockers 
and furniture knobs, hinges, 
screws, and other iron arti- 
cles for windows, doors, and 
furniture 



Iron, the same, of any other class 
not specified , 



Duty per 
pound in 
U. S. cur- 
rency. 



Dollars. 
.026 

.039 
.013 
.016 
.066 



,131 

,656 
,066 

,131 

,033 
,033 
,033 

,098 
,098 



ARTfCULO DE MERCANCfA. 



Derechos 
por kilo- 
gramo en 
moneda 
Salvado- 
rena. 



plata-forma, balanzas, m a- 
quinitas de mano, estatuas, 
planchas para sastre y demas 
objetos por estilo , 

Hierro fuudido, esmaltado, ma- 
nufacturado en piezas para uso 
dom6stico y otros usos 

Ilierro en barras, Mmiuas, jilan- 
chas 6 planchuelas 

Hierro en planchas para plan- 
chadores y pesas 

Hierro en utiles para bateria de 
cocina 

Hierro charolado, manufactu- 
rado en piezas, como azafates, 
azucareros, cauastillas, caji- 
tas para valores y otros usos, 
agua-maniles, tubos para 
agua, talleres de mesa, fu- 
entes, fruteros, regaderas y 
demas objetospara uso dom6s- 
tico y otros usos 

Hierro, cuchillos, dagas 6 pu- 
nales, con mango de marfil, 
carey, j)lata 6 concha-niicar . . 

Hierro mauufacturado en ma- 
chetes, dagas, cuchillos y 
punales 

Hierro,lo8 mismos,con vainas de 
cuero 

Hierro manufacturado en piezas 
como azadones, palas, ras- 
trillos, picas, piochas, ma- 
canas, barretas, hoces, poda- 
doras, hachas, puntas para 
arador y demas herramientas 
ordinarias por el estilo 

Hierro en clavos, tachuela 6 
puntilla de toda clase 

Hierro en piezas, como cuuas, 
camas, catres, silletas, sofiis y 
demits muebles jjor el estilo . . 

Hierro en piezas, como cerradu- 
ras para puertas, ventanas 6 
muebles, candados, argollas, 
pasadores, fall etas, cerrojos 
de aldabas, llamadores de 
puertas y muebles, bisagras, 
tornillos y demas herrajes 
para jiuertas, ventanas 6 
muebles 

Hierro enlos mismos de cualqui- 
er otra clase no denominada. . 



.08 

.12 
.04 
.05 
.20 



.40 
2.00 



.20 
.40 



.10 
.10 

.10 



.30 
.30 



134 



SALVADOR. 



ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 



Iron, penknives, with one blade, 
wooden or horn handles 



Iron, penknives and razors, with 
handles of mother of pearl, 
ivory, tortoise shell, or silver . . . 

Iron, penknives and razors of any 
other class 

Iron, pipes and tubes for water 
or steam ; sheets, tinned or gal- 
vanized, for roofs; chains for 
carts or naval purposes, chains 
for surveyors; sugar molds; 
pulleys; lifting jacks; large 
presses for industrial pvirposes ; 
speaking trumpets; tires and 
wheels for carts, axles ; wheel- 
barrows ; rails and spikes ; ves- 
sels and parts thereof, anchors ; 
towers, columns, or pillars; 
gasometers and illuminating- 
apparatus, excluding lamps; 
telegraph wire ; lightning 
rods ; jnimps for wells, mines, 
or other purposes; machinery 
of all kinds for mining, agri- 
cultural, or manufacturing en- 
terprises ; motors of all degrees 
of power; water-tanks; masks 
for bee-keepers ; portable 
houses ; assaying furnaces ; 
levels; magnets; lithographic 
presses ; wire cloth for purify- 
ing coffee ; horse rakes ; cables 
and ropes of wire, either brass 
or iron per 100 pounds . . 



Iron, pointed knives, with bone 
or horn handle, and can- 
openers 

Iron safes 

Iron, shoes for animals and 
chains 

Iron, steelyards of all kinds and 
spigots for casks 

Iron, surgical instruments with 
or without case 



Duty per 
pound in 
U. S. cur- 
rency. 



Dollars. 
.098 



,656 
,197 



164 



.098 
.049 



.033 
.049 
.328 



ARTlCULO DE MERCANCf A. 



Hierro en corta-plumas de una 
sola cuchilla y mangos de ma- 
dera 6 cuerno 

Hierro en corta-plumas y 
navajas, con mangos de con- 
cha-n^car, marfil, carey 6 
plata 

Hierro en corta-plumas y navaj as 
de cualquier otra clase 

Hierro, caneria y tuberia para 
aguadvapor; laminas, esta- 
uadas 6 galvanizadas, j)ara 
techos, cadenas para carros 6 
usos navales, cadenas para 
agrimensores, moldes para 
aziicar ; garruchas ; gatos para 
levan tar pesos ; p r e n s a s 
grandes para la indiistria; 
bocinas ; llantas y ruedas para 
carros, ejes; carretillas de 
mauo; rieles y clavos para 
rieles ; embarcaciones 6 piezas 
.para estas, anclas, torres; 
columnas 6 pilares; gasome- 
tros y aparatos de alumbrado, 
excluyendo las Mmparas; 
alambreparatelegrafos;para- 
rayos; bombas para pozos, 
minas u otros usos; maqui- 
naria de toda clase para em- 
presas mineras, agricolas <5 
fabriles ; motores de toda clase 
de fuerza ; tanques para agua ; 
caretaspara castrar colmenas ; 
casas desarmadas; hornillas 
para ensay OS de metal; niveles; 
imiin; preusaslitogriificas; tela 
de alambre para beneficio del 
caf6 y rastriDos para fuerza 
animal; cables 6 cuerdas de 
alambre, de latdn 6 hierro, 
los 100 kilos.. 

Hierro en cuchillos depunto, 
con mango de hueso 6 cuerno 
y en cuchillos para abrir latas. 

Hierro manufacturado en cajas 
fuertes para gnardar valores. . 

Hierro manufacturado en herra- 
durasparabestiasy en cadenas, 

Hierro en romanas de toda clase 
y Haves para pipas 

Hierro manufacturado en instru- 
mentos de cirugfa,con 6 sin es- 
tuche 



Derechos 
por kilo- 
gramo en 
moneda 
Salvado- 
rena. 



Pesos. 



SALVADOR. 



135 



ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 



Iron, tableknives, forks, with 
handles of ivory, tortoise shell, 
mother-of-pearl, or silver 



Iron, tablespoons 

Iron, tinned, articles such as 
pitchers, buckets, basins, hip 
and foot baths, chandeliers, 
candlesticks, and other objects 
for domestic and other uses 

Iron, vrire, 4 millimeters diame- 
ter and under 



Iron, wire cloth, cages, and all 
other wire articles not specified . 

Iron, wrought, enameled, cooking- 
utensils, water pitchers, water 
jars, coffeepots, milk pitchers, 
dishes, plates, mugs, cups, boil- 
ers, forks, ladles, bathtubs, 
spittoons, chamberpots, pipes 
for water, and other articles 
of domestic and other use 



Iron, wrought, nickel-j)lated, in 
articles for any use 



Iron, wrought, tinned, articles 
such as nails, tacks of all 
kinds, buckles, tinned or ja- 
panned, and currycombs , 

Ivory, all kinds of articles not 
specified 

Ivory, unmanufactured 

Jacks, for lifting weights. (See 
iron ) 

Jewelry, gold or imitation 

Jewelry, silver. (See silver) ... 

Kerosene oil. (See oils) 

Knapsacks. (See leather) 

Knives. (See iron) 

Knives, with leather scabbards. 

(See iron) 

Knives, pointed, with bone or 

horn handle. (See iron) 

Knives and forks, with ivory, tor- 
toise shell, or silver handles . . 



Duty per 
pound in 
IT. S. cur- 
rency. 



Dollars. 



.656 



,098 

.066 
,039 
,098 



.082 



.164 



.066 

.656 
.328 

.164 

3.028 

.656 

.026 

.229 
.066 

.131 

.098 

.656 



ARTlCULO DE MERCANClA. 



Derechos 
por kilo- 
gram o en 
moneda 
Salvado- 
reiia. 



Hierro en cuchillos, tenedores, 
con mangos do marfil, carey, 
coricha-nacar 6 plata 

Hierro en cucharas de mesa 

Hierro estanado mauufacturado 
en jiiezas, come cantaros, cu- 
bos, baldes, agua-mauiles, ba- 
iios de asiento y de jties, cau- 
deleros, palmatorias y demils 
objetos para uso domestico y 
otros usos 

Hierro en alambre desde cuatro 
milimetros de diametro inclu- 
sive para abajo 

Hierro en tela de alambre, j au- 
las y demiis objetos en alam- 
bre no especificados 

Hierro forjado, esmaltado, ma- 
nufacturado,enpiezas,paraba- 
teria de cocina, agua-mauiles, 
jaros para agua, cafeteras, 
lecheras, fuentes, platos, va- 
sos, tasas, pailas, tenedores, 
cucharones, banos de asiento 
6 de pies, escupideras, baciui- 
cas, tubos para agua y demtis 
utiles de uso domestico j otros 
usos 

Hierro forjado, maniifacturado 
en objetos niquelados para 
cualquier uso 

Hierro, forjado, estanado, mauu- 
facturado, en piezas, como cla- 
vos y tachuelas de toda clase, 
hevillas,estanadas 6 charola- 
das, y almohazas 

Marfil fabricndo en toda clase 
de objetos no especificados . . . 

Marfil en bruto 

Gatos para levantar pesos. 
(Vease hierro) 

Joyeria de oro 6 de dubl6 

Joyas de plata. _(V6ase plata) . 

Aceite de kerosina. (V6ase 
aceites) 

Mochilas. (Vease cueros) 

Cuchillos. (Vease hierro) 

Cuchillos con vainas de cuero. 
(Vease hierro) 

Cuchillos de puuto, con mango 
de hueso 6 cuerno. (V^ase 
hierro) 

Cuchillos 6 tenedores, con man- 
gos de marfil, carey 6 plata . . . 



2.00 
.30 



.20 
.12 
.30 



.25 
.50 

.20 

2.00 
1.00 

.so- 
lo. 00 

2.00 

.08 
.70 
.20 

.40 

.30 
2.00 



136 



SALVADOR. 



ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 



Knives and forks, all other kinds. 

Knives, with ivory, tortoise shell, 
silver, or mother-of-pearl han- 
dles. (See iron) 

Laces, cotton. (See cotton) 

Laces, linen. (See flax, etc) 

Laces, silk. (See silk) 

Laces, woolen. (Seewool) 

Lamps. (See illuminating arti- 
cles) 

Lanterns. (See illuminating arti- 
cles) : 

Lard. (See foods) 

Lavender. (See foods, etc) 

Lavender water 

Lawn, cotton. (See cotton) 

Lead, in bars 

Lead, bullets or drop shot 

Lead, pipes, or sheets for roofing . 

Lead, toys and other objects 

Leather, belts for machinery 

Leather, belts, of leather or 
patent leather, with or without 
gilded or silvered ornaments, 
for swords and sabers 

Leather, boots, shoes, and leg- 
gings of all classes not speci- 
fied 

Leather, calfskins and patent 
leather for shoes and carriages. 

Leather, dressed sheepskins, mo- 
rocco, buckskin, chamois, soles 
for shoes, tanned cowskins, 
and other skins without hair 
or enamel, not specified 

Leather, gloves of buckskin, 
gauntlets for fencing and for 
ball-playing 

Leather, kid and other kinds of 
fine gloves 

Leather, saddles, harnesses, 
straj)s, headstalls, halters, 
covers, holsters, bridles, reins, 
powder flasks, and other sim- 
ilar articles 



Duty per 
pound in 

U. S. cur 
reucy. 



Dollars. 
.098 



.656 

.82 

.984 
L97 
.983 

.082 

.082 
.033 

.049 

.098 
.328 

.013 
.026 
.013 

.098 

.098 



.492 

.656 
.098 

.066 

.328 

.82 

.229 



ARTfCULO DE MERCANClA. 



Cuchillos otenedores de cualqui- 
er otra clase 

Cuchillos con mangos de marfil, 
carey, plata 6 concha-nacar. 
( V6ase hierro) 

Encajes de algoddn. (V^ase 
algoddn) 

Encajes de lino. (V^ase lino) . 

Encajes deseda. (V6ase seda) . 

Encajes de lana. (V6aselana) . 

L^mparas. (V6ase alumbrado). 

Faroles. (Y6a. alumbrado) . . . 

Manteca de puerco. (V6ase ali- 
mentos) 

Alhucema. (Vease alimentos, 
etc) 

Agua de lavanda 

Cambray de obispo. (Vease al- 
god6u ) 

Plomo en barras 

Plomo en balas 6 munici6n 

Plomo manufacturado en cafie- 
rias 6 laminas para techos 

Plomo en juguetes li otros ob- 
j etos 

Cueros en fajas para maquinaria. 

Cueros, cinturones de cuero 6 de 
charol, con 6 sin guarniciones 
doradas 6 plateadas, para 
sables 6 espadas 

Cueros, calzado y sobre-botas de 
cualquiera clase no denomi- 
nada 

Cueros, becerros y cueros charo 
lados para calzado y carruajes. 

Cueros, badanas," tafiletes, ga- 
muzas, antes, zuelas para cal- 
zado, vaquetas y otros cueros 
sin pelo y sin charol, no de- 
nominados 

Cueros, guantes de ante, mano- 
j)las y juegos de florete para 
pelotas 

Cueros, guantes de cabritilla y 
otras clases, finos 

Cueros, sillas de montar, arci- 
ones, arneses, bajadoras, ca- 
bezadas, jaquimas, fundas, 
pistoleras, riendas, tenedoras, 
polvorines y otros seme- 
j antes 



Derechos 
por kilo- 
gramo en 
moneda 
Salvado- 
refia. 



.70 



SALVADOR. 



137 



ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 


Duty per 
pound in 
U. S. cur- 
rency. 


ARTlCULO DE MERCANCfA. 


Dereclios 
por kilo- 
gram en 
nioneda 
Salvado- 
rena. 


Leather, saddlebags, knapsacks, 
and traveling bags 


Dollars. 
.229 
.229 
.229 

.162 

.328 

.229 

.013 
.009 
.026 

.098 

.164 

.492 

.328 

.164 

.098 
.013 
.066 

.131 

.164 
.164 
.164 


Cueros, bolsones, mochilas ysa- 
cos de viaj e 


Pesos. 
.70 


Leather, suspenders, orofpatent 
leather 


Cueros, tirantes de cuero 6 de 
charol 


.70 


Leather, trunks or valises of 
leather or imitation 


Cueros, baules 6 maletas de 
cuero 6 imitacion 


.70 


Leather, undressed sheepskins, 
skins cured with hair on, and 
fur robes 


Cueros, zaleas, pieles con pelo 
y pellones ^ 

Cueros, viceras para kepi, gorros 
y otros semej antes 


.50 


Leather, visors for caps, and 
other similar articles 


1.00 


Leather, manufactured in any 
form not specified 


Cueros en articulos fabricados 
en cualquiera forma no de- 
nominada 






.70 


Leeches 


Sanguijuelas 


.04 


Lemonade 


Limonada 


.03 


Letter presses. (See iron) 


Prensas para cartas. (Vease 
hierro) 


.08 


Levels, not specified 


Niveles, no denominados 

Para-rayos. (V6ase hierro) 
los 100 kilos . 


.30 


Lightning rods. (See iron) 

per 100 pounds. . 

Linen. (See flax, p. 12.) 

Linen, fine dress goods, Irish 

linens, cambrics, batistes, and 

all other material for dresses. 

(See flax) 


.50 


Lino. (Vease lino, p. 12.) 
Lino, en telas finas, Irlandes, 
cambrayes, batistas y toda 
otra tela para vestidos. 
( V^ase lino) 


1.50 


Linen, in plain or worked goods, 
white or colored (excejjt crude 
drills), creas, silesia, damask, 
or other goods for tablecloths, 
towels, bedspreads, sheetings, 
matti-ess covers, and for other 
similar purposes, not specified, 
without needlework or em- 
broidery. (See flax) 


Lino en telas lisas 6 labradas 
blancas 6 de color (excej)tuan- 
dose los driles crudos), creas, 
platillas, alemanisco 6 sea 
g(Snero para manteles, tohallas, 
cobertores i)ara cama, genero 
para siibanas y para forros 
de colchon y los dem^s seme- 
j antes no expresados, sin cos- 
tura ni bordado alguuo. 
(V^ase lino) 






LOO 


Lithographic i)re8ses. (See iron) 
per 100 jiounds . . 

Looking glasses, with or without 
frames 


Prensas litogr^ficas. (V6ase 

hierro) los 100 kilos.. 

Espejos con 6 sin marcos 

Macarrones. (Vease alimentos). 

Machetes. (Vease hierro) 

Machetes, con vainas de cuero. 
(Vease hierro) 


.50 
.30 


Macaroni. (See foods) 


.04 


Machetes. (See iron) 


.20 


Machetes, with leather scab- 
bards. (See iron) 


.40 


Machinery of all kinds for min- 
ing, agricultural, or manufac- 
turing enterprises. (See iron) 
per 100 pounds . . 

Machinery of all kinds not speci- 
fied per 100 pounds . . 

Magnets. (See iron) 
per 100 pounds . . 


Maquinaria de toda clase para 
empresas mineras, agricolas 
6 fabriles. (Vease hierro). .. 
los 100 kilos.. 


.50 


M^quinas de toda clase no de- 

nominada los 100 kilos. . 

Im^n. (V6ase hierro) 


.50 


los 100 kilos.. 


.50 



138 



SALVADOR. 



ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 



Marble, in slabs, for furniture 
tops, tiles, tablets, statuary, or 
pieces for the same, or for 
fountains 

Marble, in any other form not 
specified 

Matches of all kinds 

Match ropes, for smokers. (See 
cotton) 

Matting, of ru.shes, straw, cocoa, 
palm leaf, or other material 
not si)ecified 

Mattocks. (See iron) 

Mattresses, wool, horsehair, or 
other material 

Measiares, of all kinds 

Medallions or breast pins, tor- 
toise shell, mother-of iJearl, 
ivory, or silver 

Medallions or breastpins of any 
other material not specified 

Medicines, bicarbonates of soda 
and potassa 

Medicines, bromides of potas- 
sium, sodium, anunonivim, lith- 
ium, etc. ; phosphate of lime, 
soda, and potassia; cream of 
tartar ; tartaric, oxalic, and phe- 
nic acids ; white extracts, dry 
or fluid; camphor; balsam of 
copaiba ; manna of all kinds ; 
gum arable in pieces or powder ; 
plasters and adhesive cloths; 
chloroform ; sulphuric ether ; 
pastilles, pastes, drops, pills, 
and globules ; iodides of i)otas- 
sium, sodium, ammonium, lead, 
etc. ; suspensories, trusses, or 
any other bandage ; syringes of 
all classes, absorbent cotton 
for surgery; nursing bottles, 
breast pumps, and cupping 
glasses 

Medicines, medicinal flours, such 
as sago, tapioca, lactated or 
other similar kinds not speci- 
fied 

Medicines, medicinal wines, such 
as of quinine, peptona, pepsin, 
lacto-phosphate of lime, and 
others not specified 



Duty per 
pound in 
IT. S. cur- 
rency. 



Dollars. 



,007 



,098 
,066 

,262 



033 
,033 

,098 
,098 



,656 
,197 
,033 



.066 



,033 



,033 



ARTfCIJLO DE MERCANCf A. 



Marmol en tablas, para cubier- 
tas de muebles, ladrillos, lapi- 
das, est^tuas 6 en piezas para 
6stas 6 para f uentes 

Marmol en cualquier otra forma 
no denomiuada 

F()sforos de toda clase 

Mechas de algod6n para fuma- 
dores. ( Vease algodon) 

Esterasdejunquillo, paja, coco, 
palma u otras materias no de- 
nominadas 

Azadoiies. (Vease hierro) 

Colchones de Ian a, cerdaii otra 
materia 

Medidas de toda clase 

Medallones 6 prendedores de 
carey, concha-n^car, marfil 6 
plata 

Medallones de cualquier otra 
materia no expresada 

Medicinas, bicarbonatos de sosa 
y potasa 

Medicinas, bromuros de j)otasio, 
sodio, amonio, litio, etc; fos- 
fato de cal, soda y potasa; 
cremor ; ^cido tartilrico, ox^- 
lico, fenico; extractos blan- 
cos, secos 6 fluidos; alcanfor; 
b^lsamo de copaiba; man^ 
de toda clase ; goma ariibiga, 
entera 6 en polvo ; emplastos 
y telas emplasticas ; clorofor- 
mo ; ^ter sulfiirico ; jjastillas, 
pastas, graj eas,pildoras, gr^nu- 
los; yodurosde potasio, sodio, 
amonio, plomo, etc. ; suspen- 
sories, Ijragueros 6 cuahiuier 
otro vendaje ; jeringas de toda 
clase, algodones medicinales 
para lacirugia; mamaderas, 
tira-leches y ventosas 

Medicinas, harinas medicinales, 
como sagii, tapioca, lacteada 
y otras semej antes no deuomi- 
nadas 

Medicinas, vinos medicinales, 
como de quina, jjeptona, pep- 
slna, lacto-fosfato de cal y 
otros no expresados 



Derechos 
por kilo- 
gram o en 
moneda 
Salvado- 



Pesos. 



SALVADOR. 



139 



ARTICLE OP MERCHAKDISE. 



MedicineS; salts of strychnia, 
aconite, atropia, digitalis, ver- 
atrine, morphine, quassia, co- 
caine, and other allcaloids ; 
salts of gold, silver, and pla- 
tinum 

Medicines, sulphate of copper, 
sulphate of zinc ; sal ammoniac ; 
medicinal oils, such as almond, 
castor, palma christi, cod liver 
(pure or in emulsions) ; hen- 
bane ; belladonna ; soothing 
syrup ; liquid ammonia; spirits 
of turpentine ; vaseline ; leaves, 
flowers, buds, seeds, barks, 
roots, and scrapings 

Medicines, sulphate of magnesia 
(Epsom salts), chalk or car- 
bonate of lime, siilphate of 
iron, alum, sulphate of soda, 
muriatic, suli)huric, nitric, and 
acetic acids 

Medicines, tar beverages, such as 
''Goudron de Guyot" and oth- 
ers not specified 

Medicines, not specified , 



Mercery, of all kinds not speciiied. 



Merino. (See wool) 

Mills, hand, for coffee and other 
uses. (See iron) 

Moldings, gilded, jtainted, or var- 
nished. ( See wood) 

Moldings, not gilded or var- 
nished. (See wood) 

Morocco. (See leather) 

Mother-of-pearl buttons. (See 
buttons) 

Mother-of-pearl,unmanufactured 

Mother-of-pearl in any other form 
not specified 

Motors oi all degrees of power. 
(See iron) 

Musical instruments, such as 
pianos, organs, etc 



Musical instruments of any other 
class not specified s 



Duty per 
pouuci in 
U. S. cur- 
rency. 



Dollars. 



.328 



Muslin, cotton. (See cotton). 
Muslin, silk. (See silk) 



.033 



.013 

.049 
.098 

.197 

.328 

.026 

.082 

.016 
.066 

.197 
.066 

.656 

.164 

.066 

.131 
.328 
1.64 



ARTlCULO DE MEECANCf A. 



Derechos 
por kilo- 
gramo en 
moneda 
Salvado- 
rena. 



Medicinas, sales de estricnina, 
aconitina, atroi)ina, eserina, 
digitalina, veratrina, morfina, 
quasina, cocaina y demsts alca- 
16ides; sales de oro, plata y 
platino 

Medicinas, sulfato de cobre, de 
zinc; sal amoniaco; aceites 
medicinales, como de almen- 
dras, castor, palmacristi, ba- 
calao (puro 6 emulsionado) ; 
beleno ; belladona ; biilsamo 
tran(iTiilo ; amoniaco liquido ; 
aguas-ras; baselina; hojas, 
flores, follculos, semillas, cor- 
tezas, raises, rasuras 

Medicinas, sulfato de magnesia 
(sal de Inglaterra), creta 6 
carbonato de cal, sulfato de 
hierro, alumbre, sulfato de 
soda, ^cido umriatico, sul- 
fiirico, nitrico y acctico 

Medicinas, bebidas alquitraua- 
das, como "Goudron de Guyot" 
y otros no denominadas 

Medicinas, no denominadas en 
la presente tarifa 

Merceria, de toda clase, no de- 
nominada 

Merino. (V(^aselana) 

Molinos para caf6 it otros usos. 
(Vease hierro) 

Molduras, doradas, pintadas 6 
barnizadas. (Vease madera) 

. Molduras, sin dorar ni barnizar. 
(V6ase madera) 

Tafiletes. (Vease cueros) 

Concha-n^car en botones (figu- 
*ran en botones) 

Concha-n^car en bruto 

Concha-nacar en cualquiera otra 
forma no denominada 

Motor es de toda clase de fuerza 

Instrumentos de musica, como 
pianos, 6rganos, organillos, 
etc 

Instrumentos de nnisi ca, de cual- 
quier otra clase no denomi- 
nada 

Muselina de algodon. (V6ase 
algodon) 

Muselina de seda. ( V6ase seda) 



Pesos. 



1.00 



.10 



.04 

.15 

.30 

.60 
1.00 

.08 

.25 

.05 
.20 

.60 
.20 

2.00 
.50 

.20 

.40 

1.00 
5.00 



140 



SALVADOR. 



ARTICLE OF MEKCHANDISE. 



Mustard, powdered. (See foods) 

Mustard, prepared. (See foods) . 

Nails, iron. (See irou) , 

Nails, tacks, and brads, of bronze 
or copper. (See bronze) 



Nankeen. (See flax) 

Napbtlaa. (See oil) 

Necklaces, glass, composition, or 
other similar material 

Necklaces, ivory, tortoise-sbell, 
or mother-of-pearl 

Needles of all classtes and sizes. 
Nipples for guns or pistols 



Nursing bottles. (See medi- 
cines) 

Nuts. (See foods) 

Nutmegs. (See foods) 



Oakum j)er 100 pounds.. 

Oars for boats. (See wood) 

per 100 pounds . . 

Oats 

Oil, cocoanut 

Oil, cotton-seed 

Oil, gasoline 

Oil, kerosene 

Oil, linseed 

Oil, naphtha 

Oil, olive 

Oil, petroleum 

Oil, rape seed 

Oil, whale 

Olives. (See foods) 

Organs. (See ins trument s , 

musical) 

Oxalic acid. (See medicines) 



Paints, mixed 

Paints, in powder 

Paper, blank books of all sizes, 
with or without ruling 

Paper and cardboard, in articles 
for domestic use or in any 
other form not specified 

Paper, cardboard, blotting pa- 
per, brown or other common 
wrapping paper 

Paper and cardboard, white, not 
sized and colored, for printiug. 



Duty per 
pouiid in 
U. S. cur- 
rency. 



Dollars. 
.098 

.066 

.066 

.131 

.164 
.026 

.197 

.656 
.197 
.197 



.066 
,033 
.098 

.162 



.164 
.006 
.026 
.026 
.026 
.026 
.026 
.026 
.026 
.02a 
.026 
.026 
.066 

.066 
.066 

.033 
.016 

.065 

.098 

.009 
.033 



AETlCTJLO DE MERCANCIA. 



Derechos 
por kilo- 
gramo en 
nioneda 
Salvado- 
reiia. 



Mostaza en polvo. (V^ase ali- 
mentos) 

Mostaza preparada. (V^aseali- 
mentos) 

Clavosdehierro. (V6asehierro) 

Clavos, tachuelas 6 puntillas de 
bronce 6 cobre. (Vease 
bronce) 

Coletas. (V6aselino) 

Naphta. (V^ase aceites) 

Collares de vidrio, composici6n y 
otras materias semej antes 

Collares de marfil, carey 6 con- 
cha-n^car 

Agujas de toda clase 6 tamano. 

Chimeneas para escopetas 6 pis- 
tolas 

Mamaderas. (V(5asemedicinas). 

Nueces. (Vease alimentos) 

Nuez-moscada. (V^ase alimen- 

tos) 

Estopa para calafatear, 

los 100 kilos.. 

Eemos para embarcaciones. 

(V^asemadera) .per 100 kilos. . 

Avena , 

Aceite de coco 

Aceite de algod6n 

Aceite de gasolina 

Aceite de kerosina 

Aceite de linaza 

Aceite de naphta 

Aceite de olivas 

Aceite de petroleo 

Aceite de nabo 

Aceite de ballena 

Aceitunas. (V6ase alimentos) . 
<3rganos. (V^ase instrumentos 

de musica) 

Acido oxalico. (V^ase niedi- 

cinas) 

Pintura preparada 

Pintura en polvo 

Papel, libros en bianco de todo 

tamano, rayados 6 sin rayar. . 
Paj)el y carton en objetos de 

uso domestico 6 cualquier 

otra forma no especificacla 

Papel en carton, en secante, de 

estraza u otro ordinsirio para 

empacar 

Papel y cart6u bianco sin cola 

y de colores, para imprentar. 



SALVADOR. 



141 



ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 



Paper, cardboard, empty boxes, 
or in sheets, for bookbinding, 
litbograpbing, photograph- 
ing, and other industrial uses. 

Paper, cigarette paper of all 
kinds 

Paper, copies for drawing and 
majis 

Paper, for flowers, or any other 
kind not specified 

Paper, gilded, silvered, or enam- 
eled, for making flowers or 
other similar uses 

Paper, playing cards, fine or 
common 

Paper, sandjiaper of all kinds . . 

Paper, wall paper and marbled 
and colored paper for book- 
binders or other uses 

Paper, Avritiug paper of all kinds 
and envelopes 

Paraffin, in cakes 

Paraffin, manufactured in any 
form 

Parchment, in sheets 

Passementerie of metal or enam- 
eled bugles, for embroidery . . . 

Pearls, fine 

Pearls, imitation, of wax, paste, 
or glass 

Pens, gold 

Pens, of every other class not 
specified 

Pencils of all kinds not specified 

Pencil cases, ivory, tortoise shell, 
or mother-of-pearl 

Pencil cases of any other kind 
not specified , 

Penknives. (See razors) 

Pepper. (See foods) 

Percussion caps, for firearms . . . 

Perfumery of all kinds not spec-' 
ified - 

Pewter spoons, ladles, forks, and 
other articles for domestic use 



Phenic acid. (See medicines) . . . 

Phosphate of lime, soda and po- 

tassa. (See medicines) 



Duty per 
pound in 
IJ. S. cur- 
rency. 



Dollars. 

.009 
.098 
.016 
.065 

.164 

.098 
.019 



.082 

.065 
.033 

.049 
.197 

.82 
3.28 

.197 
3.28 

.263 
.098 



.656 

.098 

,049 
.197 

.098 
.098 

.066 
.066 



ARTfCULO DE MERCANCf A. 



Papel, cart6n en cajas vaclas 6 
en hojas para encuaderna- 
ci6n, litografia, fotograf ia y 
para otros usos industriales . 

Papel de fumar para cigarrillos 
de toda clase 

Papel, modelos para dibujo y 
mapas 

Papel para flores 6 de cualqui- 
er otra clase no denominada. . 

Papel, dorado, plateado 6 esmal- 
tado, para hacer flores ti otros 
semejautes -. 

Papel en naipes finos ii ordina- 
rios 

Papel, en papel de lija de toda 
clase 

Papel para tapizar y el jas- 
peado 6 pintado para forros 
de libros ti otros usos 

Papel para escribir de toda 
clase y en cubiertas 

Parafino en marqueta 

Parafino elaborado en cualqui- 
era forma 

Pergamino en hojas 

Eecortes de metal 6 bombilla 
de esmalt* para bordar 

Perlas finas 

Perlas, falsas, de cera, pasta, 6 
vidrio 

Plumas de oro para escribir 

Plumas para escribir, de cualqui- 
er otra clase no denomiuada. , 

Lapices de toda clase no especi- 
ficados 

Lapiceros de marfil, carey, 6 
concha-niicar 

Lapiceros de cualquier otra 
clase no denominados 

Corta-plumas. (Vdasenavajas.), 

Pimienta. ( V6ase alimentos. ) . . 

Fulminantes, para armas de 
fitego 

Perfumeria de toda clase no de- 
nominada 

Peltre, manufacturado en cu- 
charas, cucharones,teuedores, 
y demsis objetos para uso do 
m(5stico 

Acidofenico. (V<5asemedici-na8) 

Fosfato de cal, soda y potasa. 
(V^Use medicinas) 



Derechos 
por kilo- 
gramo en 
moneda 
Salvado- 
rena. 



Pesos. 

.03 
.30 
.05 
.20 

.50 
.30 
.06 

.25 

.20 
.10 

.15 
.60 

2.50 
10.00 

.60 
10.00 

.80 

.30 

2.00 

.30 

.15 

.60 

.30 



.30 
.20 

.20 



142 



SALVADOR- 



ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 



Pianos. (See instruments, musi- 
cal) 

Pickles. (See foods) 

Pictures of all classes and mate- 
rials, with or without frames.. 

Pillars or columns, iron. (See 
iron) per 100 pounds . . 

Pillows and beds of feathers 

Pillows and mattresses, wool, 
horsehair, or other material 

Pins, common, large pins and 
hairpins of all classes and 
forms 

Pipes or cigar-holders, with real 
or imitation meerschaum 
mouthpiece, with or without 
amber 

Pipes, etc., of any other material. 

Pipes and tubes, iron, for water or 
steam. (See iron) 

per 100 pounds . . 

Piqu6, silk. (See silk) 

Pistols, breech loading, and re- 
volvers . - - 

Pistols, muzzle loading 

Pitch, common - 

Pitch and rosin 

Plants, living, per 100 pounds . .. 

Plated ware, tableware, of 
nickel, copper, bronze, brass 
or white metal, silver plated 
or gilded, such as tea and coffee 
sets, trays, milk pitchers, tea- 
jjots, coffeepots, sugar bowls, 
plates, dishes, napkin rings, 
spoons, ladles, forks, sugar 
tongs, stands, pi'eserve dishes, 
butter dishes, fruit dishes, 
saltcellars, vases, candle- 
sticks, cuspidors,- pitchers, 
basins, cuj)s and bowls, purses, 
inkstands, crucifixes, crosses, 
cigar cases, stoppers, card re- 
ceivers, flowerpots, bells for 
animals, hand bells, and other 
articles of same materials not 
specified 

Poison for skins, per 100 pounds. 

Porcelain statuettes, flowers, or 
toys 

Porcelain in any form not speci- 
fied. Porcelain includes all 
transparent chinaware 



Duty per 
pouucl in 
IJ. S. cur- 
rency. 



Dollars. 
.066 
.066 

.098 

.164 
.328 

.098 



197 



.656 
.262 



.164 
1.64 

1.64 
.328 
.013 
.016 
.164 



.656 
.164 

.098 



,039 



ARTlCULO DE MERCANClA. 



Pianos. (V^ase instrumentos 
de mnsica) 

Encurtidos. (Vdase alimentos). 
Cuadros de toda clase y materia, 

con 6 sin marcos 

Pilares 6 columnas de hierro. 

(V6ase hierro)..los 100 kilos.. 
Almohadas y colchones de plumas 
Almohadas y colchones de lana, 

cerda u otra materia 

Alfileres comunes, zancas il hor- 

quillas de cualquiera clase 6 

forma 

Pipas 6 fumadores, con boquilla 

de espuma de mar 6 de imita- 

cion, con 6 sin ^mbar 



Pipas, etc., de cualquier otra 
materia 

Caneria y tuberia para agua 6 
vapor (Vease hierro) 
los 100 kilos.. 

Piqu^ de seda. (Vease seda) . . . 

Pistolas de retrocarga y revol- 
veres 

Pistoles de j)ist6n 

Brea comun 

Pez y resina ^ 

Plantas vivas, los 100 kilos 

Vajilla de niquel, cobre,bronce, 
laton 6 metal bianco plateado 
6 dorado, como servicios para 
t6 y caf6, bandejas, lecheras, 
teteras, cafeteras, azucareros, 
platos, fuentes, anillos jiara 
servilleta, cucharas, cucha- 
rones, tenedores, pinzas para 
aziicar, asientos, dulceras, 
mantequilleros, fruteros, sa- 
leros, vasos, candeleroi, pal- 
matorias, escupideras, jar- 
ros, agua-maniles, tasas y pai- 
las, porta-monedas, tinteros, 
crucifijos, cruces, cigarreras, 
tapones, tarjeteros, floreros, 
cascabeles, campanillas y 
otras de la misma materia no 
denominados 

Veneno para cueros, los 100 kilos. 

Porcelana enfiguras, flores 6 jii- 
guetes 

Porcelana en cualquier otra 
forma no denominada. De- 
nominase porcelana toda losa 
trasparente 



Derechos 
j)or kilo- 
gram o en 
inoneda 
Sal V ado- 



SALVADOR. 



143 



ARTICLE OF MEKCHANDISE. 



Portfolios or pocketbooks, of 
any material not specified 

Portfolios or pocketbooks of card- 
board. (See paper.) 

Powder flasks, with horu of 
metal, born, or leatber 

Pumj)s, iron, for wells, mines, and 
otber j)iirposes. (See iron) 
per 100 pounds . . 

Pnmj)S, wooden. (See wood) 
per 100 pounds . . 

Purses or cigar cases of tortoise 
sbell, ivory, silver, or motber- 
of-pearl 

Purses, etc., of any otber material 
not specified 

Pails and spikes. (See iron) 
per 100 pounds . . 

Raisins. (See foods) 

Bazors and penknives of one 
blade, witb wooden or born 
bandle 

Razors andpenknives, witb ban- 
dies of motber-of-pearl, ivory, 
silver, or tortoise sbell 

Razors and penknives, of any 
otber class not specified 



Revolvers. (See pistols) 

Ribbons. (See silk) 

Ropes, bemp. (See flax, etc) 

Ropes or cables, wire, eitber 
brass or iron. (See iron) 
per 100 pounds . 

Rosaries, coral, motber-of-pearl, 
tortoise sbell, or silver 

Rosaries, all otber kinds not 
specified , 

Rosin 

Rum 

Rusb, straw or palm, for furni- 
ture or otber uses 

Rusb, straw or palm, for bam- 
mocks and otber forms not 
mentioned 

Russia duck, of flax, pure or 
mixed. (See flax) 

Sacks. (See flax) 

Saddles 

Saffron, edible. (See foods) 



Duty per 

ponncl in 

U. S. ciu'- 

rency. 



Saffron, flower of, for dyeing pur- 
poses 



Dollars. 
.197 

.2:^9 

.164 
.164 

.656 

.197 

.164 
.066 

.098 



.656 

.197 

1.64 
1.97 
.016 



.164 

.656 

.197 
.016 
.197 

.066 

1.97 

.164 
.016 
.229 
.984 

.164 



AETfCULO DE MERCANClA. 



Carteras de materias no deno- 
minadas 

Carteras de cart6n. (V6ase pa- 
pel.) 

Polvorines con asta de metal, 
cuerno u cuero 

Bombas para pozos, minas ii 
otros usos. (V6ase bierro) 
los 100 kilos.. 

Bombas demadera. (Vease ma- 
dera) loslOOkilos.. 

Porta-monedas 6 cigarreras de 
carey, marfil, plata 6 concba- 
n^car 

Porta-monedas de cualquier 
otra materia no denominada.. 

Rieles y clavos para rieles. (V6- 
ase bierro) los 100 kilos. . 

Pasas. (V^asealimentos) 

Navajas 6 corta-plumas de una 
sola cucbilla, de mango de ma- 
dera 6 cuerno 

Navajas 6 corta-plumas, con 
mangos de concba-n^car, mar- 
fil, plata 6 carey 

Navajas 6 corta-plumas de cual- 
quier otra clase no denomi- 
nada 

Revolveres. (V^ase pistolas) . . 

Cintas. (V6ase seda) 

Cuerdas. (V^ase lino, etc) 

Cuerdas 6 cables, alambre de 
laton 6 bierro. (Vease bierro) 
loslOOkilos. 

Rosarios de coral, concba-n^car, 
carey 6 plata 

Rosarios de otra clase no de- 
nominada 

Resina 

Ron ■ 

Junco, paja 6 palma, i3ara mue- 
bles i1 otros usos 

Junco en bam^cas y en otras 
formas no denominadas 



Rusias de lino puro 6 mezclado. 

(V6ase lino) 

Sacos. (V6ase lino) 

Sillas de montar 

Azafr^n de comer. (V^ase ali- 

mentos)-- 

Alazor (flora azafriinromi) para 

tenir 



Derechos 
por kilo- 
gram o en 
moneda 
Salvado- 
rena. 



.60 



.70 

.50 
.50 

2.00 

.60 

.50 
.20 

.30 

2.00 



.60 
5.00 
6.00 

.05 



.50 

2.00 

.60 
.05 
.60 

.20 

.60 

.50 
.05 
.70 

3.00 

.50 



144 



SALVADOR. 



ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 



Sago 

Sashes for -windows. 
Sauces of all kinds. 



Duty per 
pound in 
U. S. cur- 
rency. 



(Seafoods). 



Scales, bronze or copper 

Scales, iron, platform or other 
kinds 

Scarfs, silk, embroidered or plain 

Scientific instruments, not speci- 
fied 

Scissors of all kinds 

Seeds of all kinds not specified. . 



Serge, (See wool) 

Shawls, cotton 

Shawls, silk, plain or embroid- 
ered 

Shawls, woolen. (See wool) 

Sheetings. (See linen) 



Ship timber per 100 lbs . . 



Shirts, cotton 

Shirts, cotton, with bosoms and 
cuffs of linen 

Shirts, linen 

Shoe horns, of horn or bone 

Shoes, India rubber 

Shoes, leather 

Shoes, silk, of all kinds 

Silesia. ( See linen) 

Silk, cravats, girdles, garters, 
suspenders, or any other simi- 
lar article of silk not specified. 



Silk, curtains, belts, scarfs, em- 
broidered or plain, or any 
other similar article of silk 
not specified 

Silk, floss : 

Silk goods, alpacas, buratos, 
challis, crepe, damask, gros, 
faille, muslin, piqu6, tulle, 
satin, serge, satinette, taffeta, 
velvet, or any other pure or 
mixed silk material not speci- 
fied 

Silk, material of, for sieves or 
strainers , 

Silk, ornaments, ribbons, laces, 
blondes, cords, plush, tassels, 
fringes, sashes, passemente- 
ries, and any other silk orna- 
ment not specified 



Dollars. 
.033 
.016 
.066 

.197 

.026 
1.64 

.328 
.131 
.003 

.328 
.226 

6.56 
.98 
.328 

.164 

.262 

.328 
.492 
.197 
.328 
.656 
.984 
.328 



.984 



1.64 

.82 



1.64 
.197 

1.97 



AETlCULO DE MERCANCfA. 



Derechos 
porkilo- 
gramo en 
moueda 
Salvado- 
refia. 



Sagli 

Vidrieras 

Salsas de toda clase. (Vease 
alimentos) 

Balanzas de bronce 6 cobre 

Eomanas de plata-forma y ba- 
lanzas de hierro 

Bandas de seda, bordadas 6 lisas . 

Instrumentos cientificos no de- 
nominados 

Tijeras de toda clase 

Semillas de toda clase no especi- 
ficadas 

Filaila. (V^ase lana) 

Panolones 

Chales de seda, lisos 6 bordados. 

Chales de lana. ( V(5ase lana) . . 

G^nero para s^banas. (Vease 
lino) 

Madera para embarcacioues, 
r los 100 kilos.. 

Camisas de algodon 

Camisas de algodon conpechera 
y puuos de lino 

Camisas de lino 

Calzadores de asta 6 hueso 

Zapatos de caucho 

Zapatos de cuero 

Calzado de seda de toda clase . . 

Platillas. (Vease lino) 

Seda, corbatas, cinturones, li- 
gas, tirantes 6 cualquier 
otro articulo de seda seme- 
j ante, no denominado 

Seda, cortinas, fajas, bandas 
bordadas 6 lisas, 6 cualquier 
otro articulo de seda por el 
estilo, no expresado 

Seda floja 

Seda generos, alpacas, burato, 
chaly, cre8p6n, damasco, gr6, 
falla, museliua, pique, pun to, 
raso, sarga, sarguilla, tafet^n, 
terciopelo 6 cualquier gdnero 
de seda puro 6 mezclado no 
denominado - 

Seda, eurejados de seda para 
cedazos 

Seda, adornos, cintas, encajes, 
blondas, cordones, felpas, 
flecos, franjas, listones, pasa- 
maneria, y cualquier adorno 
de seda, no denominado 



SALVADOR. 



H5 









Derechos 




Duty per 




porkilo- 


ARTICLE OF MERCHAJTDISE. 


pound in 
TJ. S. cur- 


ARTlCULO DE MERCANClA. 


grainoen 




rency. 




Salvado- 
refia. • 




Dollars. 




Pesos. 


Silk, pure or mixed, ready-made 




Seda pura 6 mezclada, en ropa 




clothing, wraps, scarfs, gowns, 




hecha, abrigos, bufandas, ba- 




blouses, fiflins, jackets, cloaks. 




tas, blusas, fichus, jaiques. 




vests, coats, mantles, shawls. 




capotes, chalecos, casacas, 




with or without embroidery; 




mantillas, panolones borda- 




dresses, for men, women, or 




dos 6 sin bordar, trajes para 




children, of any other class, 




hombres, mujeres 6 niilos, de 




with or without ornaments. 




cualquiera clase. adornados 6 




and all kinds of ready-made 




sin adornos, v toda clase de 




clothing not specified 


1.97 


ropa hecha no especificada. . . 


6.00 


Silk, shawls or rebozos, i)lain, 




Seda, chales 6 rebozos, lisos, la- 




worked, or embroidered, or 




brados 6 bordados, 6 generos 




material for them 


6.56 


para ellos 


20.00 


Silk, stockings, socks, drawers, 


Seda, medias, calcetines (es- 




undershirts, and all other gar- 




carpines), calzoncillos, cami- 




ments of silk stockinet 


1.64 


setas y todo objecto fabrica- 








do en tela de punto de seda. . . 


5.00 


Silk, thread of all kinds, on 




Seda, hilo de toda clase en ca- 




spools or cards 


.82 


rretas de palo 6 en cart6n 

Seda torcida . . . 


2 50 


Silk twist - 


.984 
.656 


3 00 


Silver jewelry 

Silver leaf for plating 


Plata en joyas 


2.00 


.656 


Plata manufacturado en hojas 








para platear 


2.00 


Silver table services 


.656 


Plata manufacturada en vajilla. 


2.00 


Silver thread, or imitation 


.82 


Hilo de plata pura 6 falsa 


2.50 


Skins, rabbit or hare, and other 




Pelo de conejo 6 liebre y otros 




skins for making hats 


.006 


jielos para hacer sombreros . . . 


.02 


Slates, and slate pencils 


.016 


Pizarras y jjizarrines de piedra . 


.05 


Slates, for roofing, per 100 pounds. 


.164 


Pizarras en Mminas para techos, 








los 100 kilos 


50 


Slippers, Chinese straw 


.23 


Chimelas chinas de paja 

Esmalte en hoj as 


70 


Smalt, or enamel, in sheets 


.328 


1.00 


Soap, in cakes, perfumed. (See 


Jabdn, en panes, con perfume. 




perfumery) 

Soap, ordinary, not perfumed 


.098 


(V6ase perfumeria) 


.,30 


.033 


Jabon ordinario, sin perfume 


.10 


Soda or caustic potash, for indus- 




Soda 6 jjotasa ciiustica para la 




trial purposes 


.013 


industria 


04 


Soda water 


.009 


Agua de soda 


03 


Spars for masts. (See wood) 


Palos para enarboladura. ( V^ase 




per 100 pounds . . 


.164 


madera) los 100 kilos. . 


.50 


Spectacles and eyeglasses. 




Anteojoso antiparras, montados 




mounted in gold 


3.28 


en. oro 


10 CO 


Spectacles and eyeglasses. 


Anteojos, etc., montados en 




mounted in silver, ivory, or tor- 




plata, marfil 6 carey 


2.00 


toise shell 


.656 






Spectacles and eyeglasses. 




Anteojos montados en cual- 




mounted in any other material 




quier otra materia no deuomi- 




not specified 


.197 
.066 


nada 


60 


Esperma de bayena en pasta . . . 
Esperma elaborada en cual- 


.20 


Spermaceti, manufactured in any 




form 


.059 


quier otra forma 


.30 



Bull. 58- 



-10. 



146 



SALVADOR. 



ARTICLE or MERCHAJJDISE. 



Spirits, strong or sweet, as cog- 
nac, absinthe, rum, gin, cor- 
dials, whisky, rosoli, and oth- 
ers not specified 

Sponges of all kinds ..-. 

Spoons, with ivory, tortoise shell, 

or silver handle 

Spoons, all other kinds 

Stationery articles not mentioned . 

Statuary, bronze or copper 

Statuary, iron 

Statuary, marble 

Statuary of material not specified 

Staves for barrels per 100 pounds . . 

Stearin, in mass 

Stearin, manufactured in can- 
dles or other fprms 

Steel, in bars, sheets, or plates . . 

Steel, -handsaws, files, rasps, 
measuring tapes, and other ar- 
tisans' tools 



Duty per 
pouud in 
U. S. cur- 
rency. 



Steel, large saws, for sawyers 

Steel wire of every thickness, 
4 millimeters and under 

Steel, woven-wire cloth and 
springs for mattresses 

Stones, flint - - - - 

Stones, whetstones and grind- 
stones, for sharpening razors, 
tools, etc 

Stockings and socks, cotton 

Stockings and socks, silk 

Stockings and socks, woolen. 

(See wool) 

Stoves, cooking, and others 

Strings of all kinds for musical 

instruments 

Strops of all kinds 

Sugar 

Sulphates of copper and zinc. 

(See medicines) 

Sulphates of magnesia, iron, 

soda. (See mediciues) 



Dollars. 



.197 

1.64 

.656 
.098 
.197 

.197 
.026 
.007 
.197 

.164 

.026 

.059 
.033 



.115 
.033 

.098 

.131 
.016 

.006 
.262 

1.64 

.656 
.026 

.197 
.197 

.066 

.033 

.013 



AETfCULO DE MERCANCf A. 



Aguardientes fuertes 6 dulces, 
como cognac, ajenjo, ron, 
ginebra, mixtelas, cremas, 
wisky, rosolis y otros no es- 
pecificados 

Esponjas de toda clase 

Cucharas con mangos de marfil, 
carey 6 plata 

Cucharas decualquier otra clase- 

tjtiles de escritorio no arancela- 
dos 

Estatuas de bronce 6 cobre 

Estatuas de hierro 

Estatuas de m^rmol 

Estatuas dematerias no denomi- 
nadas ^ 

Duelaspara barriles, loslOO kilos, 

Esteariua en bruto 

Estearina elaborada en velas y 
otrasformas 

Acero, en barras, laminas 6 
planchas 

Acero, en sierras 6 serruchos de 
mano, limas, escofinas, cintas 
para medir y denies herrami- 
entas para artesauos 

Acero manufacturado en sierras 
grandes para labradores 

Acero, en alambre de todo grue- 
so, desde cuatro milimetros 
de di^metro, inclusive para 
abajo 

Acero manufacturado en tela 
para colchones y resortes para 
colchones 

Piedras de chispa 

Piedras para afilar navajas 6 
moll ej ones para afilar herra- 
mientas 

Madias y escarpines de algo- 
dou 

M6dias y escarpines de seda 

MMias y escarpines de laua 
(V^ase lana) 

Cocinas y anafes 

Cuerdas de toda clase para in- 
strumentos de nuisica 

Asentadores para navajas de 
toda clase • 

Aziicar 

Sulfatos de cobre y zinc. (V^ase 
medicinas) ■ 

Sulfatos de magnesia, hierro y 
soda. ( Vease medicinas) 



Derechos 
por kilo 
gramo en 
moneda 
Salvado- 



Pesos. 



SALVADOR. 



H7 



ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 



Suspenders, silk 

Suspenders, woolen 

Suspensories, trusses, or other 
bandages. ( See medicines) — 

Swords or sabers of all kinds — 

Syringes of all classes 

Syrups of all kinds, without al- 
cohol 

Tablecloths, linen 

Tallow, candles 

Tallow, crude or fats 

Tallow, pressed or refined: 

Tapioca . . , 

Tar of all kinds 

Tea 

Terra cotta figures or toys 

Terra cotta in any other form .'. , 

Thimbles, material not specified, 

Thread, cotton , 

Thread, linen. (See flax, etc).. 
Tin, bars or plates, pure or mixed 

Tin foil, for wrappings 

Tin, manufactured in articles for 
domestic or other uses 

Tin plate, articles of, for domestic 
or other uses 

Tin plate, in sheets 

Tobacco, leaf 

Tobacco, manufactured in cigars 

Tobacco, in any other form not 
specified 

Toilet waters of every class con- 
taining alcohol, as Florida, Co- 
logne, Divine, kananga, lav- 
ender, melissa, and others simi- 
lar 

Tools, agricultural, as mattocks, 
shovels, rakes, sickles, axes, 
plowpoints, pruning knives, 
aud all others of this kind. 
(See iron) 

Tools, fine, for carpenters and 
artisans. (See iron) 

Tools, stone-hammers, tools for 
blacksmiths, and others not 
specified. (See iron) 



Duty per 
pound in 
tr. S. cur- 
rency. 



Dollars. 
.984 
.656 

.066 
.492 
.066 

.033 
.328 
.033 
.009 
.023 
.033 
.013 
.098 
.098 
.016 
.197 

.164 
.262 
.066 

.098 

.098 



.098 

.026 
.164 
.656 

.328 



.098 

.033 
.115 

.033 



ARTlCULO De'mERCANCIA. 



Tirantes de seda 

Tirantes de lana 

Suspensorios, braqueros 6 otros 

vendajes. ( Vease medicinas) . 

Espadas 6 sables de toda clase.. 

Jeringas de toda clase 

Jarabes de toda clase sin alcohol. 

Manteles de lino 

Sebo elaborado en velas 

Sebo en bruto 6 mantecas 

Sebo prensado 6 refinado 

Tapioca 

Alquitr^n de toda clase 

T6 

Barro en figuras 6 juguetes 

Barro en cualquier otra forma . 

Dedales de materias no denomi- 
nadas 

Hilo de algodou 

Hilo de lino. (Vease lino) 

Estano en barras o jdanchas, 
puro o mezclado 

Estano en papel para envoi ver. . 

Estano manufacturado en piezas 
para uso dom^stico ii otros 
usos 

Hoja de lata manufacturada en 
piezas para uso domestico u 
otros usos 

Hoja de lata en hojas 6 pliegos . 

Tabaco en rama 

Tabaco elaborado en puros 

Tabaco en cualquier otra forma 
no expresada 

Aguas de olor de cualquiei-a 
clase con alcohol, como de 
fiorida, de colonia, divina, 
kananga, de labauda, melisa 
y otras semej antes 

Herramientas para agricultura, 
como azadoues, palas, rastri- 
Uos, hoces,hachas,puntasx)ara 
arador, podadoras y dem^s 
herramientas ordinarias, por 
el estilo. (Vease hierro) 

Herramientas fiuas para car- 
pinteros y artesanos. (V6ase 
hierro) 

Herramientas, martillos, para 
romper piedras, herramientas 
para herreros y otros por el 
estilo no deuominados. (Vease 
hierro) 



Derechos 
por kilo- 
gram o en 
moneda 
Salvado- 
reiia. 



Pesos. 
3.00 
2.00 

.20 

1.50 

.20 

.10 

1.00 
.10 
.03 
.07 
.10 
.04 
.30 
.30 
.05 

.60 
.50 

.80 

.20 
.30 



,30 



.30 

.08 

.50 

2.00 

1.00 



.30 

.10 
.35 

.10 



148 



SALVADOR. 



AKTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 



Toothpicks, tortoise shell, ivory, 
or mother-of-pearl 

To()thi:>icks, any other kind not 
specified 

Tortoise shell in sheets or unman- 
ufactured ■ 

Tortoise shell, manufactured iu 
any form not specified 

Towels, cotton 

Towels, linen 

Toys of all classes not specified . . 



Traps for moles and rats 

Trusses 

Umbrellas, sunshades, and para- 
sols, of cotton, of all kinds 

Umbrellas, etc., silk, pure or 
mixed 

Umbrellas, etc., wool, pure or 
mixed 

Varnishes of all kinds 

Vegetables in their natural state. 

Vegetables, prejjared in vessels 
of tin, glass, or earthen ware.. 

Velocipedes of all classes 

Vermicelli 

Violins, small, mouth harmonicas, 
dulcimers, and other similar 
articles 

Vinegar 

Wafers 

Watches, gold 

Watches, silver 

Watches of any other metal 

Waters, sparkling, artificial, 
without alcohol, as ginger ale, 
lemonade, soda, and others 
similar 

Wax candles 

Wax, flowers, fruits, or in other 
forms 

Wax, sealing, for letters 

Wax, sealing, ordinary, for bot- 
tles 

Wax, vegetable 

Wax, white or yellow 

Weights, bronze or copper 

Weights, iron 

Whalebone, manufactured or not. 



Wheat 

Wheels for wagons, etc 

Wheelbarrows, iron or wooden, 
per 100 pounds. 



Duty per 
pound in 
U. S. cur- 
rency. 



Dollars. 

.656 

.197 

.328 

.656 
.164 
.328 
.098 

.033 
.066 

.098 

.656 

.262 
.066 
.006 

.066 
.164 
.013 



.098 
.013 
.197 
3.28 
1.64 
.656 



.009 
.328 

.492 
.197 

.066 
.197 
.197 
.197 
.016 
.328 

.007 
.164 

.164 



AETlCFLO DE MERCANCIA. 



Limpia-dientes de carey, marfil 
6 concha-n^car 

Limpia-dientes de cualquier 

otra clase no denomiuada 

Carey en hoja 6 en concha 

Carey manufacturado en cual- 

quiera forma no denominado. 

Tohallas de algodon 

Tohallas de lino 

Juguetes de cualquiera clase no 

denomiuada 

Tram pas para topos y ratas . . . 

Bragueros 

Paraguas, paraguitas y sombri- 

Uas de algodon de toda clase. 
Paraguas, los mismos, de seda 

pura 6 mezclada 

Paraguas, los mismos, de Ian a 

pura 6 mezclada 

Barnices de toda clase 

Legumbres, en estado natural. . 
Legumbres, preparados en botes 

de lata, vidrio 6 barro 

Velocipedes de toda clase 

Fideos 

Violinetas, armdnicas de boca, 

dulzainas y otras semej antes. 

Vinagre 

Obleas 

Relojes de bolsillo, de oro 

Relojes de bolsillo, de plata ... 

Relojes de cualquier otro metal . 

Aguas artificiales espumosas sin 
alcohol, como cerveza de jen- 
gibre, limonada, soda y otras 
semejautes 

Cera labrada en velas 

Cera en flores, frutas 6 en otras 
formas 

Lacre para cartas 

Lacre ordinario para botellas. . 

Cera, vegetal 

Cera blanca 6 amarilla 

Pesas, de brouce 6 cobre 

Pesas, de hierro 

Barbas de balleua, labradas y 

sin labrar 

Trigo 

Ruedas para carretas, etc 

Carretillas de mano, de hierro 

6 de madera . ..los 100 kilos. 



Derechos 
por kilo- 
gram o en 
moneda 
Salvado- 
refla. 



Pesos. 

2.00 

.60 
1.00 

2.00 

.50 

1.00 

.30 
.10 
.20 

.30 

2.00 

.80 
.20 
.02 

.20 
.50 
.04 

.30 

.04 

.60 

10.00 

5.00 

2.00 



.03 
1.00 

1.50 
.60 
.20 

.60 
.60 
.60 
.05 

1.00 
.02 
.50 

.50 



SALVADOR. 



149 



ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 



Whisky 

Wines of all classes, such as 
Muscatel, Pajarete, Sherry, 
Malaga, Port, Vermouth, Sail 
Raphael, Saint Miguel, Cham- 
pagne, and all others not spec- 
ified -■.. 

Wines, red, table 

Wood, doors, windows, lattices, 
sashes, moldings not varnish- 
ed or gilded 

Wood, embroidery frames, lasts 
for shoemakers, blocks for hat- 
ters and wig-makers 

Wood, furniture of all kinds, 
with or without marble, mat- 
tresses, veneers for furniture, 
rollers or casters, trunks, 
traps, billiard tables without 
accessories, spigots for bar- 
rels, blinds, hat racks, book 
shelves, hand bottling ma- 
chines, and every other ob- 
ject of this kind not specified. 

Wood, moldings, gilded, painted, 
or varnished, boxes of all 
shapes, varnished or lacquered, 
ornaments of wood composi- 
tion, card cases, inkstands, 
vases, trays, dishes, and any 
other forms not specified 

Wood, planed and tongued and 
grooved 

Wood, staves, hoops and hoop 
poles for barrels, pumps, carts, 
wheelbarrows, pipes, bee- 
hives, wood for matches, ships 
or ship timber, spars for masts, 
oars for boats, wheels for wag- 
ons or wheelbarrows, 
per 100 pounds. . 

Wool, bands, straps, belts, sus- 
penders, garters, cravats, 
gloves, or any other similar 
article not specified 

Wool, pure or mixed, blankets, 
counterpanes, carpets, mats, or 
rugs 



Duty per 
pouiid in 
tr. S. cur- 
rency. 



Dollars. 
.197 



,033 
,016 



.016 
.007 



.066 



.082 



,007 



164 



,656 
.164 



ARTfCULO DB MBRCANClA. 



Wiskey 

Vinos, generosos, de toda clase, 
como Moscatel, Pajarete, Je- 
rez, Malaga, Oporto, Ver- 
mouth, San Eafael, San Mi- 
guel, Champagne y cualqui- 
er otro no denominado 

Vinos, tinto de mesa 

Madera en piiertas, ventanas, 
celosias, vidrieras, molduras 
sin barnizar ni dorar 

Madera, bastidoresparabordar, 
estacas para calzado, para 
sombreros y para pelucas 

Madera en muebles de toda 
clase, con 6 sin m^rmol, col- 
chones, chapas de madera 
para muebles, arganillas 6 
scan talleres de mesa, baules, 
trampas, billares sin utiles, 
Haves para barril, persianas, 
capoteras, estantes, maqui- 
nas de mano para tapar bo- 
tellas y todo otro objeto por 
el estilo, no especificado 

Madera en molduras doradas, 
pintadas, 6 barnizadas, cajas 
de madera de toda forma, con 
barniz 6 gomalaca, adornos de 
jiasta de madera, tarjeteros, 
tinteros, vasos, azafates, fuen- 
tes y en cual qui er otra forma 
no denominada 

Madera, acepillada y machi- 
hembrada 

Madera en duelas, arcos y flejes 
para barriles, bombas, carros, 
carretillas, canos, casas para 
colmena, madera para fosfo- 
ros, en embarcaciones 6 madera 
para 6stas, en palos para enar- 
boladura, remos para embar- 
caciones y ruedas para carre- 
tas 6 carretillas . . los 100 kilos . . 

Lana en fajas 6 bandas, cintu- 
rones, tirantes, ligas, corbatas, 
guantes 6 cualquier otro ob- 
jeta semejaute no denominado. 

Lana pura 6 mezclada en fraza- 
das 6 colchas, alfombras, tripe 
6 mautillones 



Derechos 
por kilo- 
gramo en 
moneda 
Salvado- 



)5o 



SALVADOR. 



ARTICLE or MERCHAlSTDiSB. 



Wool, pure or mixed, clotli, such 
as cassimeres, broadcloth, al- 
paca, challis, curtains, damask, 
serge, flannel, ''grano deoro," 
muslin delaine, merino, and 
other similar woolen cloth, not 
specified 



Wool, pure or mixed, such as cas- 
simeres, cloths, or other similar 
goods, with warp of linen or 
cotton 

Wool, pure or mixed, ornaments 
of, such as tapes, laces, hlondes, 
braids, cords, plush, tassels, 
borders, fringes, listing, and 
any other similar articles not 
specified 

Wool, pure or mixed, ready-made 
clothing, wraps, mantillas, 
capes, fichus, dressing gowns, 
jackets, blouses, cloaks, shawls, 
coats, vests, headdresses, 
shirts, curtains, petticoats, 
overcoats, dresses for men, 
women, and children, with or 
without ornaments, shawls, 
plain or with silk fringe, em- 
broidered or not, and all other 
pieces of clothing not specifie'd . . 



Wool, pure or mixed, stockings, 
socks, undershirts, drawers, 
and all other articles or objects 
of stockinet 

Wool, thread, for sewing or em- 
broidering . . : 

Wool, pure or mixed, goods not 
specified 

Wool, lamb's wool 

Work boxes, small, with or with- 
out accessories 

Zinc, alphabets or numbers for 
marking 

Zinc articles for domestic and 
other uses 

Zinc bars, sheets, or plates 

Zinc ornaments, statues, or 
bronzed figures 



Duty per 
pound in 
U. S. cur- 
rency. 



Dollars. 



.328 



.328 



.983 



.983 



,656 

.328 

.328 
.049 

.492 

.098 

.098 
.019 

.115 



ARTfCULO DE MERCANClA. 



Lana pura 6 mezclada en g^nero, 
como casimires 6 pafios, al- 
pacas, balsarinas, balleta, ba- 
llet6n, chaoly, cortinas, da- 
masco, filaila, franela, grano de 
oro, lanillas 6 muselina, meri- 
no y otras telas de lana seme- 
jante ho denominadas 

Lana pura 6 mezclada en casi- 
mires, casinetes, pan as y otros 
g^neros semej antes, con cade- 
na de lino 6 algodon 

Lana pura 6 mezclada en ador- 
nos, como cintas, encajes, 
blondas, trencillas, cordones, 
felpas, flecos, franjas, listones 
6 cualquier otrosemejante no 
denominda 

Lana pura 6 mezclada, en ropa 
hecha, abrigos, mantillas, bu- 
fandas, fichiis, batas, chaque- 
tas, blusas, jaiques, capas, 
capotes, casacas, chalecos, 
chales, cofias, camisas, cor- 
tinas, fustanes, enaguas, le- 
vitas, vestidos para hombres, 
mujeres 6 ninos, decualquiera 
clase, adornados u sin adornos, 
pauolones, lisos 6 con fleco de 
seda, bordados y sin bordar, 
y dem^s piezas de ropa de 
toda clase no denominada . . . . 

Lana pura 6 mezclada enmedias, 
calcetines (escarpines), cami- 
setas, calzoncillos y todo ob- 
jeto en tela de punto de 
media 

Lana en hilo para coser 6 bordar. 

Lana, pura 6 mezclada, en g^- 

nero no denominados 

Lana, en vell6n 

Costureros pequenos, con 6 sin 

utiles 

Zinc en abecedarios 6 numera- 

ciones para marcar 

Zinc manufacturado en piezas, 

para uso domestico y otros usos . 
Zinc en barras, laminas, 6 plan- 

chas 

Zinc en adornos, estatuas 6 

figuras bronceadas 



Derechos 
por tilo- 
gramo en 
moneda 
Salvado- 



Pesos. 



1.00 



LOO 



3.00 



3.00 



2,00 
1.00 



1.00 
.15 

1.50 

.30 

.30 

.06 

.35 



SALVADOR. 



151 



FREE LIST. 

Anchors and girt lines. 
Animals, dissected. 
Animals, living, for breeding. 
Apparatus for producing electric light or 



Baggage, passengers'; by this is under- 
stood objects for their individual use 
and the indispensable instruments of 
their art or profession, in quantities 
proportionate to the class and circum- 
stances of the owner. 

Beans. 

Boats, launches, rigging, sails, chains, 
and other articles for vessels for use in 
the harbors, lakes, and rivers of the 
republic. 

Books and pamphlets, printed. 

Cement, roman, and hydraulic lime. 

Coal. 

Corn, Indian. 

Crucibles, for foundries and fire bricks. 

Diamonds and other precious stones not 
mounted. 

Effects brought by diplomatic oflicers 
residing in the country for their own 
usie when similar privileges are granted 
in the foreign countries, when the legal 
requisites are complied Avith. 

Furnaces and other instruments for as- 
saying. 

Fuse for mining. 

Gold and silver, in bars, dust, or coin. 

Guano and other fertilizers. 

Hay and other fodder not specified. 

Hops. 

Houses, wooden or iron. 

Kettles, iron, and molds for sugar-manu- 
facture. 

Magnets. 

Models of machines and buildings. 

Molds for making flowers. 

Music paper and pieces of music. 

Paper, printing, for periodicals. 

Periodicals, loose or bound. 

Photographs. 

Pier materials and accessories. 

Plants, exotic. 

Plows. 

Printing presses and their appurtenances. 

Portraits belonging to families residing 
in the country. 

Quicksilver. 

Quinine (sulphate of). 

Railway supplies. 

Rice. 

Rye. 



ARTICULOS LIBRES. 

Anclas y andaribeles. 

Animales disecados. 

Animales vivos para raza. 

Aparatos para producir el alumbrado 
electrico 6 ^1 de gas hidrdgeno carbo- 
nado. 

Equipaje de pasajeros; entendi^ndose 
por tal los objetos de su uso individu- 
al y los iustrumentos indispensables 
de su arte u oficio, todo en cantidad 
proporcionada d la clase y circunstan- 
cias de su dueno. 

Frijoles. 

Botes, lanchas, jarcia, velamen, cadenas 
y dem^s utiles de buques para uso de 
los puertos, lagos y rios de la Repub- 
lica. 

Libros y folletos impresos. 

Cimento romana, cal hidr^ulica. 

Carbdn de piedra. 

Mafz. 

Ladrillos refractarios y crisolesparafun- 
dicidn. 

Diamantes y demfis piedras preciosas sin 
montar. 

Efectos que para su uso introduzcan por 
su cuenta los ministros diplom^ticos, 
resideutes en la Republica, siempre 
que haya recij)rocidad y se cumpla con 
los requisites establecidos por la ley. 

Hornillos y demils iustrumentos para 
en%ayos de metales. 

Guias para minas. 

Oro y plata en barras, en polvo 6 acu- 
nado. 

Guano y demiis abonos. 

Heno y dem^s forrajes no denominados. 

Liipulo. 

Edificios de madera 6 de hierro. 

Peroles de hierro y moldes para fabricar 
azucar. 

Im^n. 

Modelos de m^quinas y edificios. 

Moldes para fabricar flores. 

Papel de solfa y piezas de musica. 

Papel de imprenta para periddicos. 

Periddicos sueltos y empastados. 

Fotograflas. 

Utiles para muelles. 

Plantas exdticas. 

Arados. 

Imprentas y sus utiles. 

Retratos pertenecientes £ familias resi- 
deutes en el pais. 

Azogue. 

Sulfato de quinina. 

Utiles para ferro-carriles. 

Arroz. 

Centeno. 



152 



SALVADOR. 



FREE LIST— Continued. 

Samples of naercliandise the duty on 
which doea not exceed 72 cents. 

Seeds of plants not cultivated in the re- 
public. 

Slag, mineral. 

Stills for spirits and their appurtenances. 

Telegraph and telephone articles. 

Timber, unmanufactured. 

Wire, barbed, and hooks for fencing. 

Wreckage. 

PROHIBITED ARTICLES. 

Air guns. 

Apparatus for making coins. 

Arms and other munitions of war. In- 
cluded in this prohibition are rifles of 
all classes and revolvers of caliber .44 
and cartridges for the same. 

Counterfeit money. 

Gunpowder of all kinds. 

Nitrate of potassia or saltpeter. 

Nitroglycerine and dynamite, except 
upon special concessions of the Gov- 
ernment. 

Obscene prints and figures. 

NOTES. 

1. All articles not mentioned in the 
present tariif shall j)ay the same as the 
most similar articles according to their 
material and form. 

2. In every package which contains 
several articles having diiferent assess* 
ments, the tare shall be calculated in 
relation to the total of the charges on the 
contents; this proportion will be ob- 
tained by multiplying the total charges 
on the articles weighed with their respec- 
tive coverings by the weight of the tare 
and the product divided by the total of 
the net weight, and the quotient will be 
the appraisement of the tare. 

3. When an appraised article contains 
others it shall pay according to the tare 
of the latter, in addition to that which 
corresponds to it in the tariff. 



ARTICULOS LIBRES— Continua. 

Muestras de mercaderias, cuyos derechos 

no excedan un peso. 
Semillas de plantas no cultivadas en la 

Eepiiblica. 
Brozas minerales. 

Aparatos de destilacion de aguardiente 
^ y sus accesorios. 
Utiles de telegrafos y telefonos. 
Madera sin labrar. 
Alambre espigado y sus ganchos para 

cercas. 
Fragmentos de buques n^ufragos. 

ARTfCULOS PROHIBIDOS. 

Escopetas de viento, 

Aparatos para fabricar moneda. 

Armas y dem^s elementos de guerra, que- 
dando comprendidos en esta prohibi- 
ci6n, los rifles de toda clase y los re- 
v61veres calibre .44 y sus correspondi- 
entes cartuchos. 

Moneda falsa. 

P61vora suelta de toda clase. 

Nitrato de potasa 6 sal de nitro (salitre). 

Nitro-gliserina y diuamita, salvo las con- 
cesiones especiales del Gobierno. 

Estampas y figuras obcenas. 
NOTAS. 

l.a Todos los articulos no mencionados 
en la presente tarifa pagar^n como los 
mas. semej antes por su materia y forma. 

2.'* En todo bulto que contenga varios 
articulos de diferentes aforos, la taraser^ 
valorada en relacidu del total de aforos 
del contenido ; esa proporci6n se tomardi 
multiplicando el aforo total de los articu- 
los, pesados con su respectivo envase, por 
el peso de la tara, y el producto se divi- 
ding por el total del peso neto aforado, y 
el cuociente ser^ el aforo de la tara. 



3.'' Cuando un articulo aforado venga 
contenieudo otros, pagar^ como tara de 
<^stos, con m^s lo que le corresponda por 
la tarifa. 



SALVADOR. 
EXPORT DUTIES. 



153 



(Taken ftom Tarifa de Aforos 6 Impuestos, by Francisco Boquin, Sonsonate, 1889.) 
[The export duty of 2 per cent is charged on the following valuations of the articles named.] 



ARTICLES. 



Starch per pound. . 

Eice do 

Black balsam do 

Coffee per 100 pounds.. 

Cocoa do 

India rubber do 

Hides, of cattle each. . 

Hides, deer, goat, or ebeep, 

per pound . . 

Honey do 

Molasses for making spirits, 

per pound. . 

Gold 

Silver 

Melon seeds per pound . . 

Cinchona and copalcJii, 

per pound. . 

Tobacco, smoking do 

Sarsaparilla do 

Mineral slag 

Indigo per 150 pounds . . 



Official 
valua- 
tion. 



Dollars. 
.029 
.022 
.723 
.090 
.146 
.217 
1.446 
.217 

.072 

.014 
Ad val. 
Ad val. 

.072 

.181 

.108 

.181 

Ad val. 

2.434 



AKTICULOS. 



Almiddn libra.. 

Arr6z libra. . 

B^lsamo negro libra . . 

Caf6 quintal.. 

Cacao de pais quintal . . 

Caucho 6 nule quintal . . 

Cuero de res cada uno . . 

Cuero de venado, cabro 6 car- 
nero libra.. 

Miel de abeja libra . . 

Melaza para fabricar aguardi- 
ente libra.. 

Ore sobre su valor integro 

Plata sobre su valor integro — 

Pepitas de melon libra . . 

Quina y copalchi libra . . 

Tabaco picado libra . . 

Zarzaparrilla libra . 

Brozas minerales 

Anil zurron de 150 libras 



Aforo. 



.04 

i .03 

1.00 

.12i 

.20 

.30 

2.00 

.30 
.10 

.02 

Ad val. 

Ad val. 

.10 

.25 

.15 

.25 

Ad val. 

3.37i 



Since the publication of the preceding list of duties, the Bureau of American 
Republics has received notice of the following modifications and changes : 

Legislative decree of March 2j, i8g2. 

The customs tariff shall be modified as follows : 
Cotton : Dollars. 
Ribbons, plain or serged, white or colored, for shoemakers and harness- 
makers, and ribbons known as " Castille" kilo. . . 50 

Tissues knowh as " Mantadril," white or colored kilo.. .40 

Muslins or cambrics, printed, without needle-work nor embroidered, .kilo. . . 60 
Lace and applications, having less than one inch in width (dutiable as trim- 
mings) kilo . . I. 00 

Balls of stone, wood, glass, Chinese metal, and other compositions, for chil- 
dren kilo . . .10 

Caoutchouc toys kilo. . . 50 

Chinese crackers kilo . . .20 

Leather : 

Shagreen and buffalo leather kilo. . . 25 

Machine belting 100 kilos. . . 50 



154 SALVADOR. 

, Dollars. 

Cane, straw, or palm, for furniture kilo. . . lo 

Lamps : Shades imported separately (according to the component materials). 
Wool: 

Flannel shirts, fine or common, of pure wool or mixed with cotton . .kilo. . . 50 
Shirts, mixed with silk kilo. . 3. 00 

METALS. 

Steel : 

Wire of a diameter of less than 4 millimeters kilo. . . 20 

Ordinary saws and handsaws, files, rasps, measuring tapes, and other tools 

for artisans , kilo. . . 25 

Bronze or copper : 

Large pans {peroles) for agricultural or industrial purposes, weighing more 

• than 40 kilos free. 

In articles such as hinges, knobs for furniture, locks for doors, bits, door- 
knockers, sash bolts, rivets, screws of 2^ inches and less, and handles, 

kilos 40 

Nails and tacks kilo . . .40 

Iron: 

Wire of a diameter of 4 millimeters and less kilo. . . 08 

Portable forges (dutiable as machines) 100 kilos. . . 50 

Tools, such as howels, braces, gimlets, center-bits, augers, chisels, mortise 
chisels, gouges, trowels, long planes, planes, rabbit-planes, and other sim- 
ilar tools for artisans kilo. . . 25 

Tin plate kilo. . . 06 

Hand machines for agricultural and industrial purposes 100 kilos. . . 50 

Ramie: 

Tissues of, pure or mixed, with neither needle-work nor ornaments, .kilo. . 2. 50 
Clothing, or cuttings for men's or women's clothing, and with trimmings, 

kilos 4- 00 

Yarn, and raw ramie kilo. . i. 50 

Silk: Embroidered shawls kilo. . 10. 00 

Sulphate of quinine kilo. . i.oo 

Camp tents, including their frames kilo . . .25 

Tobacco: 

Raw kilo . . I. 00 

Manufactured in cigars and cigarettes V kilo. . 3. 00 

Manufactured, other, not specially mentioned kilo. . i. 50 

Alimentary products and condiments: Oats, barley, and other cereals not men- 
tioned kilo.. .01 

Sugar molds, dutiable at the rate of 50 cents per 100 kilos, under iron and in 

No. 231 are free of duty free. 

Baggage: Furniture and household effects are not considered as baggage. 
The tax called "market tax" of 25 cents per quintal, levied on all goods, is replaced 
by a tax of 3 per cent on the amount of the duties, equivalent to that paid heretofore; 
the amount collected will be applied toward the construction of national buildings. 



SALVADOR. 



J 55 



Under date of May 24, 1893, Mr. S. G. Dawson, acting consul at San Sal- 
vador, writes: 

"The Government has ratified a decree of Congress raising the importation 
duties on silk shawls, or 'rebosos,' plain or embroidered, r.nd on all silk stuffs 
destined to the manufacture of said shawls to $40 per kilogram (2.205 pounds) 
and to ^10 per kilogram on silk handkerchiefs, pure or mixed. Shawls and 
handkerchiefs of any material not specified in the tariff shall pay $30 per kilo- 
gram. The decree is based on the alleged need of protecting national weavers 
against foreign competition." 

On July 1 1, 1893, declared free of all duties and taxes, common salt, salt beef, 
corned beef, or beef preserved in any manner, packed in barrels or otherwise. 
All natural or artificial fertilizers were by the same decree placed on the free list 

The Government of Salvador has ordered all the import duties to be paid in 
the national gold coin of Salvador. Foreign coins may be received, however, as 
long as the coinage of Salvadorean money is not complete, in the following pro- 
portion : American gold, 4 per cent premium; British, Spanish, and Mexican, 
1 per cent premium ; French, and coins of every nation of the Latin Union, at 
par; German, 1 per cent discount. 



Appendix F. 



COMMERCIAL DIRECTORY OF THE REPUBLIC OF SALVADOR. 



ACAJTJTLA. 

ImjporterB. 

Compafila de Agenciaa. 
Mitchel, W. J. 

JlerehanU. 

Compafila General del Facifico. 

Blanco & Trigueros. 

Carazo & Eamirez. 

Dorantes & Ojeda. 

""ompaBIa del Muelle, Drevon & Co. 

fiomar, 'Joaqiiia. 

^elendez, ManueL 

Mejia, Bncarnaci6n. 

Peralta, Jos6 Maria. 

Parraza & Prado. 

Buano, Emeterio. 

Valle & Co., Andr6s. 

ahuachapAit. 

Boots and shoes. 

Gonzalez, Margarito. 

Garrido, Isidro. 
Druggists. 

CarbaUo, Valentin. 

Magana, Simedn. 
Orocers. 

Alfaro, Margarito. 

Chavez y hno., Claudia. 

Durdn, Luisa G. de. 

Mores, Andrea. 

Guerra, Dionisio. 

Gnerra, Virginia. 

Linares, J. 

Melgar, Eulalia. 

Mendoza, Kafaela. 

Eomero, Mercedes. 
Hatters. 

Garcia, Estanislao. 

Velarde, Eederico. 
Retail general merchantt. 

Arriaze, Dolores. 

Cadenas, Eusrbio. 

156 



AHTTACHAPAiT— Continued. 

Retail general merchants — Continaed. 

Contreras, Bomualdo. 

G6niez, Juana. 

Guerra, Maria^ 

Herrera, Meaner. 

Herrera, Isabel. 

Llanos, Mariana M. de. 

Mena, Leonor M. de. 

Moscoso, Luisa. 

Eiyas, Mercedes. 

Vasquez, Aparicio. 
Silversmiths. 

Canjura, J. 

Duarte, Onofre. 
Wholesale import and export merchantt. 

Durdn, Onofre. 

Mordn, Eabio & Co. 

Miiller, Eederico. 

Samayoa, Ana. 

Valdivieso, SamueL 



ANAMOBds. 



Merchant. 

Zepeda, Felipe. 

ARMENIA. 

Oroeer. 

Komillo, Jos6. 
Retail general m,erchant>. 

Garcia, David. 

Molina, Arcadia. 

Torres, Juan. 
Wholesale import and export merchant. 

Mayer, Zeferino. 

CHALATENANOO. 

Boots and shoes. 
Cort6s, Claro. 
Torres, Lorenzo. 



SALVADOR 



^57 



CHALATENANGO— Continued. 

Druggiits. 

Garcia, Jos6 J. 
Morales, Jos6 Maria. 
Pena, MigneL 
Tobias, Ismael. 

Qroeer. 

Ortiz, Balbina. 

Silversmifht, 

Barrerra, Modesto. 

Obando, Esteban. 
Wholesale import and export merelmnt 

Alvergue, Fernando. 

CHALCHHAFA. 

Boots and shoes. 

L6pez, Manuel. 

Novoa, Albino. 

Pineda, Jos6 P. 
Photographer. 

Baxter, Enrique. 
Retail general merchants. 

Ahuja bnos. 

GoetzcbuU, Solom6n. 

Hidalgo, Cruz. 

Lizarralde, Eduardo do. 

Martino, Jos6 Maria. 

Penate, Eleodoro. 

Trejo, Francisco. 

COATEFEQTTE. 



Boots and shoes. 

Cienfuegos, Petronilo. 
Orocers. 

ArbizA, Pilar. 

Cardona, Mercedes. 

Cardona, Paula. 

Castrillo, Eleodoro. 

Cienfuegos, Adelaida. 

Delgado, Sofia. 

Men6ndez, Socoro. 

Suano, Anastacio. 
Retail general merchant. 

Barrientos, Balbino. 

COJTITEPEftTIE. 

Banker. 

Diaz, Narciso. 

Drvggists. 

CasteUanos, Crescencio. 
Escobar, Camilo. 
Palma, Apolonio. 
Revelo, Joaquin. 

Orocers. 

Amaya, Maximo. 
Cdceres, Adela. 



COJDTEPEQTTE— Continued. 

G'rocers— Continued. 
Diaz, Josefa. 
Diaz, Sara. 

Figueroa, Josefa Antonia. 
Ingl6s, Mercedes. 
Mineros, Lugarda. 
Mafiaz, Josefa. 

Hatters. 

Anzueta, Anton. 

Hernandez, Salvador. 

Martinez, Esteban. 

Pleitfis, Esteban. 
Silversmiths. 

Malt6z, Jos6 Maria. 

Obando, Carlos. 
Watchmaker and jeweler. 

CasteUanos, Alberto. 
Wholesale import and escort merehantB, 

Amaya, Miximo. 

Bazdn, Albino. 

Bustamante, Guadalupe. 

Contreras, Juan. 

Diaz, Narciso. 

Nulla, Ventura. 

Vila & Sigiienza. 

COMASAGTJA (La libertad). 

Manufacturer of coffee machinery, 
Komer, Felipe. 

DOIOSES (Cabanas). 



Boots and shoes. 
Colocho, Pedro. 



GOTEBA. 

Druggist. 

Kovelo, Norberto. 

Chrocers. 

Cruz, Amelia. 
G6mez, Esteban. 
Mendoza, Lazaro. 
Molina, Anita. 
Kosa, Francisco. 
Rosa, Paz. 
Romera, Leandra. 

GTTATABAL. 

Wholesale import and export merchant. 
Panamefio, Ensebio. 



ILOBASCO. 



Boots and shoes. 
Rodas, Juan. 



ij8 



SALVADOR. 



ILOBASCO — Continued. 

« 

^rocen. 

Castellanos, Ram6ii. 

Elena, Sime6n H. 

Portilla, Dolores. 
Retail general merchantt. 

Barb6n, Jos6 G. 

Choto, Eafael. 

C6rdova, Francisco. 

GonzAlez, Margarito. 

L<5pez, Manuel. 

Orellana, Encarnaci6n. 

Pefia, Jos6 Maria. 

Homero, Ana I. 
Silversmith. 

AJvarenga, Daniel. 
Wholesale import and export merehtmt. 

Kosas, Leandro. 

IZALCO. 

Boots and shoes. 

Herrera, Victor. 
Druggist. 

Li6vano, Jos6 Maria. 
Grocers. 

Ah'arez, Bosa. 

Men6ndez, Lauriano. 

Eamos, Juana. 

Retail general merchants. 

Barrientos y hermano, Trinsito. 

Craik, Mercedes de. 

Eamos y hermano, Josefa. 

Vega, Joaquina. 
Wholesale import and export merchant. 

VeUsquez, Felipe. 

JAYAftUE. 

Manufacturer of coffee machinery. 
Mel6ndez, Manuela. 

JACTTAPA. 

Banker. 

Durdn, Macedonio. 
Boots and shoes. 

Castillo, Manuel. 

Cruz, Manuel. 

Cruz, Guillermo. 

Monica, Teodosio. 

Kosales, Pedro. 
Commission merchants. 

DurAn, Macedonio. 

Escobar, Tiberio. 
Druggist 

Burgos, RafaeL 



JACUAPA— Continued. 

Chroeers. 

Castillo, Margarita de. 

Castillo, Bamona. 

Jurado, Angela. 

Sandoval, liTicolasa. 
Retail general merchant!. 

Arawjo, Maria. 

Bantista, Maria de. 

Castro, Jo86 Maria. 

Galvez, In6s. 

Gutierrez, Josefa. 

Gutierrez, Carlos. 

Gutierrez, ManueL 

Mora, Miguel. 

Montoya, Mercedes. 

Bosales, Damiana. 
Silversmith. 

Orantes, Maximo. 

LA LISmTAD. 

Commission merchant. > 

Blanco, Trigueros. 
Druggists. 

Marcenaro, NicolAs. 

Velis, Felipe J. de. 
Grocers. 

Calder6n, C. 

Guzmd,n, Eloisa G. de. 

Prieto, Gertrudio. 
Hatter. 

Torres, Gregorio. 
Wholesale import and export m^rehantM, 

Courtade, Emilio. 

Flamenco, Maria. 

Marcenaro, Nicolds. 

Huezo, Vicente. 

Vargas hnos., Diego. 

LA UNI6N. 

Boots and shoes. 

Palada, E. Gutierrez. 

Bamtrez, Benito. 
Commission merchant. 

Marcenaro & Co., Juan Bantista. 
Grocers. 

Andino, Leonarda P. de. 
' Courtade, Carmen P. de. 

Huezo, Santos P. de. 

Huezo, Mercedes. 

L6pez, Salvador. 

Perry, Elena. 

Bosales, J. G. de. 

Zaldivar, Hortensia P. dA. 



SALVADOR, 



159 



LA UNION^Continued. 

Manufacturers of tortoise-theU good§. 

Amaya, Ignacio. 

Echevenia, Abel. 

L6pez, Dolores. 

Sanchez, Federico. 
Retail general merehanta. 

Huezo, Gregorio. 

PadiUa, Isabel V. de. ■ 

Salazar, Manuela» 

Sosa, Bosa V. de. 
Silversmith. 

Garcia, Salvador. 
Wholesale import and export merehantt. 

Marcenars & Co., J. B. 

PadiUa, Eemigio. 

Eodriguez, Pablo. 

Vicente y Ca. 

Vila, Francisco. 

METAPAN. 

Orocer*. 

Aguilar, J. 

Castro, Domingo. 

Duarte, Paulina do. 

Hernandez, Bibiano. 

Leiva, Jos6. 

Lemus, Manuel. 

Montoya, Felipe. 

Kuiz, Juan. 
Retail general merehanti. 

Quintana, Rafael. 

Wholesale import and export merchan,tt. 
Lima bermanos. 
Sosa, Bonifacio. 

NEJAPA. 

Manufacturer of coffee machinery. 
Andrade, Manuel. 

OLOCTJILTA. 

Wholesale import and export merchant, 
Gonzalez, Octavio. 

QTJEZALTEPEQUE. 

Qrocert. 

Borjas, Estebana. 

Castro, Benigna de. 

C^ceres, Santos C. do. 
Satter. 

TJmitia, Salvador. 
Uanvfacturer. 

Cort6z y bno., ComeUo. 



S. JULIAN (Sonsonate), 

Merchant. 

Eomero, Victor. 

SAN ANDB]^S. 

Wholesale import and export mereharA 
Munoz, Eduardo. 

SAN MIGUEL. 

Banker. 

PadiUa, Eemigio. 
Boots and shoes. 

Arias, Juan. 

Bustillos, Jos6 Maria. 

Colindres, Vicente. 

Lara, Juan. 

Mayorga, Guillermo. 

Morales, David. 
Druggists. 

Cano, J. 

Celari6, Jos6 Marfa. 

Holtmeyer bnos. 

Hegg, Manuel. 

Meardi, Mauricio. 

Munoz, Brisido. 

Eosales, Enrique B. 
Ch-ocers. 

Aguirre, Felipa. 

Araya, Ana Josefa. 

Avila, Anita B. de. 

Bahnaceda, MigueL 

Barreyro, Isabel de. 

Bado, Mauricia de. 

Cabrera, Senorita. 

Femdndez, Adela. 

Flores, Aguslln. 

Guzmdn, Virginia. 

Herrera, Pastor. 

Hernandez, Dolores B. do. 

Hernilndez, MAximo. 

Mena, Sim6n. 

Medina, Apolonio. 

MoUna, Victoria. 

Morales, David. 

Peraza, Josefa. 

Eeyes, Beatriz. 

Eosales, Mercedes P. do. 

Suay, Cipriano. 

Sudrez, Francisco. 

Valenzuela, ErciUa F. do. 

Hatters. 

Abendano, Eam6n. 
Aguado, Jos6 Maria. 
Cartas, Baltazar. 



i6o 



SALVADOR. 



SAN MIGUEL— Continued. 

Hatters— Continned. 
lidpez, Gregorio. 
Reyes, Esteban. 
Photographers. 

Guerrero, Vicente. 
Mena, Eamon. 

Sol, Eloy. 
Printers. 

Arias, Timoteo. 

Herrera, Pedro P. y Rito. 

Imprenta del Institute de Occidente. 
Retail general merchants. 

Alvarez, Francisco B. 

Avila, Carmen. 

Cuadra, Cannen R. de. 

Diaz, Antonio. 

Dinarte, Simedn J. de. 

G6niez, Dolores. 

Herndndez, Carlos. 

Lastra, Ram6n. 

Meardi, Mauricio. 

Resales, Enrique R. 

Sclionenberg, Juan. 

Vinerta, Josefa G. de. 

Zelaya, Le6n. 
Silversmiths. 

Anduray, Aureliano. 

Avila, Daniel. 

Osorio, Modesto. 

Resales, Manuel. 

Salmerdn, Gregorio. 

Salmer6n, Agustin. 

Tebes, Tomds. 

Vargas, Leonidas. 
Special manufacturers. 

G6niez, C6sar, tortoise-shell goods. 

Paz, Martin, tortoise-shell goods. 

Paz, Santos, tortoise-sheU goods. 

Huezo, Ireneo M. de, tortoise-sheU goods. 

Resales & Alvares, mineral waters. 
Wholesale import and export merchants, 

Alvarez, Francisco V. 

Argiiello, Jos6. 

Argiiello, Ram6n. 

Argiiello, Marcelino. 

Briqueto y Charlaix. 

Canessa, Antonio & Ca 

Canessa, Cayetano. 

Canessa y Ca., Ambrosio. 

Calvo, Manuel. 

Dardano, Pedro. 

Demutti, Antonio. 

Dias, Antonio. 

Femdndez, Antonio J. 

Haltmeyer, Eniilio. 



SAN MIGUEL— Continued. 

Wholesale import and export wiercTiawto— Cont'd. 
Hungentobler & Haltmeyer. 
Mazzini, Miguel. 
Mirino & Manent. 
Mendoza, Ansebno. 
Mendoza, Jacinto. 
Miardi & De MuttL 
Munoz & Co., B. 
MuDOz, Brigido. 
Padilla, Remigio. 
Palacios & Co., Francisco. 
PohU, Alfonso. 
Prieto, Carlos G. 
Qtiiros hermanos. 
Rivera, Ruano. 
Romero, Carmen. 
Schonenberg, Juan. 
Suay, Cipriano. 
Vila & Vila. 

SAN SALYASOB. 

Banks and bankers. 

Banco Intemacional. 

Banco Occidental. 

Banco Particular. 

Blanco & Trigueros. 

Blanco y Lozano. 

Duke 6 hijo, J. M. 

Lagos, Miguel. 

Lagos, Pilar. 

Resales, Jos6. 
Booksellers and stationerg. 

Cousin, Anselmo. 

Anguelo, M. 

Goubaud, Emilio. 

Herrera & Co., ManueL 

Mathias bnos. 

Pozo & Gutierrez. 

Prado & Co., Federico. 

Rivera, Desiderio. 

Boots and shoes. 

Aguilar y Serrano. 

Cirino, Morales. ♦ 

Sagrera y Ca., Jos6. 

Preto bnos. y Ca. 
Druggists. 

Aran jo & Co. 

Aranjo & Bustamente 

Avalos, F.Pablo. 

C^ceres & Vaquero. 

Li6vano, Juan. 

Luna, David. 

Niebecker, Otto von. 

Palomo & Co., M. 

Rivera, Carlos. 

Rivera hermanos. 



SALVADOR. 



161 



SAN SALVADOE^Continued. 

Qroeers. 

Aguilar, Josefa. 
Alfaro, Diego. 
Ar6valo, Anastacix 
Castellanos, Dolores. 
Cisneros, Manuela. 

Monterroso, Eegina. 

Palacios, Magdalena. 

Palacios, Asunci6iu 

Pena, Emilia. 

Quijano, Jacinta. 

Quitefio, Mercedes, 

Eamos, Anita. 

Beales, Samona. 

Serrano, Bemab6. 

Valencia, Franciscsi, 

Vega, Leocadia. 
Hardware, cutlery, and tooU. 

Anguilar, !Pranciaco. 

Ealette, Sullo. 

Aubuisson y Ca., D. 

Dorantes y Ojeda. 
Hatterg. 

Avila, Clement©, 

Blanco, MigaeL 

Bonilla, Luis. 

Moreno, KafaeL 

Molina, Domingo. 

Mnrillo, Elias. 

Eniz & Co., J. M. 

Euiz, Iiuia A. 
Lithographer. 

Guevara, Te6dnlo. 
Photographers. 

Imery hermanos. 

Somelian, Agustln. 
Planters, general. 

Aguilar, Manuel. 

Alvarez, Emilio. 

Boguen, Francisco. 

Borgia, Bustamente. 

Cellier, A. 

DArdano, EeUx. 

Dorantes y Ojeda. 

Lozano, Cruz. 

Euano, EmetrioS. 

Ulloa., Cruz. 

Zaldivar, Eafael. 
Printing offices. 

Grande, Pedro. 

Imprenta del Comerclo. 

Imprenta de la Juventad. 

Imprenta Nacional. 

Mirdn, Erancisco y Alejandro. 

Vaquero, Erancisco. 

Bull. 58 11. 



SAN SALVADOR— Continued. 

Silversmiths. 

Camacho, Leoncio. 
Campos, Marcelino. 
Campos, Gregorio. 
Campos, Crescenoio. 
Cruz, NicoMs. 
Mamenco, Joaquin. 
Garcia, Vicente. 
Platero, Fernando. 
Eivas, Anastacio D. 
Sanchez, Carmen. 
Sol6rzano, Justo. 
Villardn, Manuel. 
Zamora, KafaeL 

Special manufacturers. 

Ellis, Benito, phosphorus. 

G6ngora & Co., Manuel, phosphorus. 

Kreitz, Teodora, coffee machinery. 
Special -merchants. 

Arrazola, Concepcidn, woods. 

Carrera, Pablo, woods. 

Cousin, Anselmo, church ornaments. 

Cuon, Vallon, silks. 

De Le6n, Venancio, woods. 

G6mez, Cecilio, woods. 

Soils, Francisco, woods. 

Tonfo-Ch6n, silks. 

Tan-Hinlon, silks. 

Watchmakers and jewelert. 

Casati, Carlos B. 

Dreyfus & Cohen. 

Escamilla. Manuel. 

Escamilla, K6mulo. 

Glasser & Co., Marcus. 

Imeri, Narciso. 
Wholesale import and export merchants, 

Aguilar, J. E. 

Alvarez, Emilio. 

Ambrogi, Constantino. 

Arrazola, M. 

Balette & Goens. 

Blanco y Trigueros. 

Blanco & Lozano. 

Bloom, Baruch & Co. 

Bouineau, A. 

Bousquet, Pablo. 

Bustamante y hermano, Mariana 

Castro, Emigdio. 

Cohen & Dreyfus. 

Courtade, Emilio. 

Cousin, Anselmo. 

Cronmeyer, A. 

D' Aubuisson, G. 

D' Aubuisson, Carlos. 

DurtouT, Jorge. 



l62 



SALVADOR. 



SAN SALVADOK— Continued. 

Wholesale import and ex^'ort merchants- -Cont'd. 
Dominguez y hermano, D. 
Dorantes & Ojeda. 
Duke & Son, J. Mauricio. 
Ellis hijo & Co. 
Glaser, C. & M. 
Goubaud, E. 
GoiizAlez, Jos6 Antonio. 
Gonzalez y Ca., J. O. 
Haas & Co., B. 
Hoephl, O. 
Lagos &. hernianos. 
Levy, G. 
Madrid & Co., B. 
Manning, Moffatt & Co. 
Mata, Juan. 
Mejia, Escobar & Co. 
Melendez, Carlos. 
Melendez y Perez. 
Mena, Eduardo. 
Mendoza, Dionisio. 
Merlos, Dionisio. 
Moffatt & Blair. 
Moffat, John. 
Niebecker, A. 
P.aloma & Co., M. 
Pawski, L. W. 
Perez, Pdrraga & Co. 
Prado & Co., P. 
Peralta, Antonio. 
Perez, Alonzo. 
Prieto hermanos. 
Re^'elo, A. J. 
Rivera hermanos. 
Rivas & Soler. 
Ruiz &. Co., J. ManneL 
Sagrera hermanos. 
Salinas, Alberto. 
Salazar, Emeterio. 
Selva, Julian. 
Serrano, Pedro. 
Sell onen berg, Roberto. 
Soundy, A. I. 
Tunstall, Thomas T. 
Ungo, M. 
Tiidice & Co 
Zaldivar, R. 
Zaldivar, Mariano. 

SAN VINCENT. 

Boots and thoes. 

Barrera, Jos6 Maria. 

Guerrero, Matias. 

L6pez, J. ManueL 
Druggists. 

Amaya, Mcol&s. 



SAN VINCENT— Continued. 

Druggists — Continued. 

GAlvez, Vicente. 

Miranda, Luis. 
Retail general merchants, 

Lagos, Manuela. 

Mejia, Leona. 

Mineros, Sebastid/B. 

Ramirez, Vicente. 

Revelo, Abelina. 

Samayoa, Vicente. 

Valencia, Ignacia. 
Silversmiths. 

Pinel, Rodrigo. 

Pino, Jo86. 

Saragoza, Antonio. 

Salinas, Ciriaco. 

Sosa, Manuel. 
Watchmaker and jeweler. 

Miranda, Guadalupe. 
Wholesale import and export merchantt. 

Angulo, Nicolds. 

Carranza, Camilo. 

Figueroa, Josefa. 

GAlvez, Vicente. 

Miranda, Octavio. 

SANTA ANA. 

Banker. 

Alvarez, Francisco. 
Boots and shoes. 

Aguirre, Jos6. 

Calderdn, Esteban. 

Erazo, Sim6n. 

Francisco, Antonio. 

Rivas, Carlos. 

Resales, Salvador. 

Sanabria, Ram6n. 

Taboada, Jos6. 
Commission merchant. 

Alstchul, Emilio. 
Druggists. 

CarbaUo, Miguel. 

Guill6n, Francisco. 

Haecker, Francisco B. 

Interiano, Julio. 

Lara, Manuel L. 

Rodriguez, Anastacio. 

Trabanino, Tadeo. 

Vides, Jos6 Maria» 
Engravers. 

Aguilar, Lario. 

Alfaro, Rosalio. 

Lecree, Andr6s. 

Roca, Antonio B. 



SALVADOR. 



163 



SANTA ANA— Continued. 

Hatters. 

Dardn, Asunci6n. 

Mor.iles, Miximo. 

Torre, Juan V. de la. 
Photographerg. 

Guerrero, Salvador. 

Becinos, Abel. 

Shevlin, Santiago. 

Printing office. 

Martinez, Alberto. 
Watchmaker and jeweler. 

Guerrero, Salvador. 
Wholesale import and export merehants. 

AepU & Gross. 

Agacio, A. B. 

Agacio, Antonio. 

Altschul, Emilio. 

Alvarez de Viscara, Maria. 

Alvarez hermanos. 

Argeta, V. 

Augsburg, A. "W. 

Belismelis, E. 

Berkfeld & Rhode. 

Bloom, Bai-uch. & Co. 

Carazo y Ramirez. 

Casanova, Eduardo. 

Casin, M. 

Cichero, Sebastian. 

Cienfuegos, Eliaa, 

Cohen & Dreyfus. 

Dellipiane & Dagllo. 

Dfaz, Santiago. 

Escobar, Jos6. 

Garma, L. 

Goldtree, Liebes & Co. 

Haas & Co., B. 

Liberti & Co., AngeL 

Maten, P. 

Mathies & Co., C. G. 

Matheu, P. 

Matheu hermanos. 

Martinez & Co., Jos6 Maria. 

Martinez, Macario. 

Mena, E. 

M^ndez, Alberto. 

Montalvo, Manuel. 

P4,rraga, Manuel A. 

Pena y Ca., Francisca 

Rodriguez, Brigido. 

Rodriguez, Isidoro. 

Rodriguez, J. & & 

Sichero, S. 

Subia, DanieL 

"Valle, Andres. 

Valle, Jos6. 



SANTA ELENA (Usulutin). 

Engraver. 

Munguia, Satumino. 

SANTA TECLA. 

Boots and shoes. 

Barahona, Tom^s. 

Coto, Mariano. 

M6ndez, Leoncio. 

Merino, Francisco. 
Druggists. 

Nunez, J. F. 

Sol, Manuel. 

Tijerino, NicolAs. 

Engraver. 

Hemdndez, DanieL 
Founder. 

Luner, Valeria. 

Grocers. 

• 

L6pez, Bernardino. 
Mel6ndez, Adela de. 
Olivares, Ignacia de. 
Olivares, Dolores. 
Ulloa, Adela de. 
Villalta y hno., S. 
Setail general merchants. 
Ambrosio, Evaristo. 
Angulo, Roman. 
Arrieta, Reyes. 
Garcia, Asunsi6n. 
Molina, Ismael G. 
Molina, Jos6 G. 
Rugama, Elias. 

Silversmiths. 

Burgos, Miguel. 

Gonz41ez, Andrfis. 
Special manufacturers. 

Alcaine, Matias, machinery. 

Ferntodez, J086 Maria, machinery. 

Flamenco, Rufino, rubber stamps. 

Mason, James, machinery. 

Orellana, Pablo, machinery. 

Ulloa, Cruz, machinery. 
Wholesale import and export merchants. 

Gonzdlez, J086. 

Lemus & Sanchez. 

Mason, Phillips & Co. 

Mel6ndez, ManueL 

Orozco, Benito. 

Rivas, Tom&s. 

Soto, Enrique. 
SANTIAGO DE MABIA (TJsulat&n). 

Merchant. 
Flores, J. 



164 



SALVADOR. 



SENSUNTEPEQTJE. 

Boots and shoes. 

Ayala, Patricio. 

Blanco, Cipriano. 

Cruz, Marcos. 

Puentes, Carlos. 

Henriquez, Pedro. 

Lara, Pemando. 

Lacayo, Sanniel. 

Navairete, MAximo. 

Kn-as Herinogenes. 

Romero, Jacinto. 
Druggists. 

Dawson, Jos6. 

Hernandez, Joaqnln. 

NoToa, Serafin. 

Velasco, Dionisio. 
Engraver. 

Peralta, David. 
Oroeers. 

Amaya, Gregorio. 

Ayala, J. 

Ayala, Margarita. 

Echeverrla, Pio. 

Echeverrla, J086 Mariai 

Ircheta, Victor. 

L6pez, Nicolasa. 

M6ndez, Miguel. 

Novoa, Adolfo. 

Parr a, Gertrudis. 

Parra Moreno, Jos6 D. 

P6rez, Damidn. 

Rodriguez, Seraflo. 

Hatters. 

Albayero, Agapito. 

Femdndez, Bernardo. 

Sanchez, Eustaquio. 
Photographers. 

Letona hermanos. 
JRetail general merchants. 

Bonilla, Martina. 

Castro, Pascual. 

Hernandez, Ester. 

Hernandez, C6fora. 

Lacayo, Justo. 

Lacayo, Rosa. 

Mayorga, Dolores. 

Parra, Gertrudis. 
Silversmith. 

Eemdndez, Daniel. 
Wholesale import and export merchant. 

Hernandez, Joaquin. 



SONSONATE. 

Boots and shoes. 

Alpinez, Eusebio. 

BeltrAn, Manuel. 

Choto, Daniel. 

Montes, MarcelLno. 
Druggists. 

Garcia, Francisco A. 

Lievano, Ciriaco. 

Rivera, Abraham. 
Engravers. 

Castaneda, Mariano. 

Castaneda, Jos6 Maria. 
Oroeers. 

Calder(5n, Maria. 

Cea, Carlos. 

Cea, Petrona. 
Printing offlce. 

VelAsquez, Jos6 Maria. 
Retail general merchants. 

Calder6n, Maria. 

Mencia, Victoriano. 

Rodriguez, Jacoba. 

Vega, Ambrosio de la. 
Wholesale import and export merchants, 

Agacio, Antonio B. 

Ahuja & hermanos. 

Casin, M. 

Cea, Francisco Orantes. 

Claude, A. 

Dardano, Guillermo. 

Demorro, Rafael. 

Montis, Rafael. 

Ramagoza 6 hijo. 

Ruiz & Co., J. & M< 

Rivero hermanos. 

Rodriguez, Isidoro. 

Sosa, Martin F. 

Soria, Juan. 

Spies & Miiller. 

Vega, Ambrosio de la. 

VHanova, V. 

SUCHITOTO. 

Boots dnd shoes. 

BoniUo, Bartolo. 

Durdn, Le6n. 

PadUla, RafaeL 

Umafia, Ramdn. 
Druggist. 

Martel, J036 Maria Pefia. 



SALVADOR. 



165 



STICHITOTO — Continued. 

Grocers. 

Aguirre, Dolores P.de. 

Martel, Ger6nima A. de. 

Pefia, JuaiiaM.de. 
Hatters. 

Pefia, Ignacio. 

Rivera, Ruperto. 
Photographer. 

Sol6rzano, Guillenna 
Hetail general merchanU. 

Aranjo, Gerardo. 

Arrazola, Mercedes V. de. 

Prieto, Carlos. 

Vaquero, NicolAs. 
Silversmith. 

Ramos, Nemesio. 
Wholesale import and export merehantt. 

Aguilar, Francisco. 

Vaquero, NicolAs. 

TECOFA. 

General merchant. 
Bautista, Clara. 

TEOTEFEQTTE. 

General merchant. 

Cienfaegos, Ceferino. 
Wholesale import and export mereJianti. 

Corleto, Jos6 Antonio. 

TONACOTEFEQTJE. 

Boots and shoes. 

MArmol, Dolores. 



Bennett, Francisco. 
Grain merchant. 

Cort6z, Joaquin. 
Grocers. 

Calder6n, Santos. 

Estrada, Refugio de. 
Itamufacturers of drwms. 

Gonzalez e 14joB, MaimoL 



USTJLUTAir. 



Boot* and shoes. 

Avalos, Alejandro. 

Sanches, Pio. 
Druggist. 

G6mez, Felipe. 

Entail general merehantB. 
Angulo, Rita de. 
Aparicio, Josefa. 
Chavez, J. de. 
Civallero, Luis. 
Goto, Ramona. 
Flores y hermanos, Anita. 
Ochoa & Co., Rosa. 
Penado, Guadalupe. 
Resales, Marcelina de. 

Silversmith. 

Funes, Venancio. 
Wholesale import and export merehemt, 

Mungula, Ricardo. 

ZACATECOLUCA. 

Boots and shoes. 

Zaldafia, Rodolfo. 

Druggists. 

CarrlUo, ManueL 

Carrillo, Rafael. 

Rodriguez, J. 

Rodriguez, Adrian. 
Retail general merchants. 

Molino, Francisco. 

Mollno, Mariana A. 

Rodriguez, J. 

Rodriguez, Adrian. 

vniacorta, Serafina. 
Silversmiths. 

Mena, Ger6ninio. 

Villagrd,n, Mariano. 

ZABA60ZA. 

Wholesale import and export merchant 
P4res, Alonzo. 



NEWSPAPERS PUBLISHED IN SALVADOR. 



Chalatenango. — El Figaro. 

Chalchuapa. — El Patriota. 

S>an Miguel. — La Aspiracion and La Revista Universitaria. 

S>an Salvador. — Diario Oficial, El Boletin Oficial, El Correo 
Militar, El Correo Nacional, El Gymnasio, El Heraldo, El 
Municipio Salvadoreno, El Pueblo, La Discusion, La Federa- 
cion, La Juventud and La Linterna. 

Santa Ana. — El Boletin Municipal, La Idea, and La Palanca. 

T'ucuapa. — El Agricultor. 

Usulutan. — El Triunfo. 

166 



INDEX. 



A. 

Page. 

Acajutla, battle of i 

Agriculture and forestry 38 

Agricultural products 15,16, 21-26 

Ahuachapdn : 

Department of je 

Cities of ig 

Alvarado, Pedro de i 

B. 

Barrios, President 2 

Banking 64, 68 

Balsam ^j 

C. 

Cabanas, Department of, cities and towns jq 

Capital cities, list of „ 

Cattle . . - 

45 

Chalatenango, Department of, cities and towns ■ jy 

Charitable institutions , oq ^2 

Climate and seasons n^ 

Coffee 28 

Commerce e j 

Commercial treaties with United States 114-116 

Commercial directory 156-165 

Constitution of the Republic 75-QQ 

Consuls, United States, list of 5^ 

Cuscatl^n, Department of, cities and towns 18 

D. 

Departments, list of n 

E. 

Education ,0 

Exports and imports gj 

Export duties 153-155 

Ezeta, Gen. Carlos o < 

167 



'l68 INDEX. 

F. 

Fillisole, Gen 2 

Foreigners, law relating to 100-107 

Forestry 45 

G. 

Geographical sketch 5 

Government, form of 28 

H. 

Historical outline i 

Hot springs 20, 23, 24 

I. 

Imports and exports 51 

Import duties , 117-152 

India rubber 44 

Indigo 39 

L. 

Lakes 7 

La Libertad, Department of, cities and towns 12 

La Paz, Department of, cities and towns 21 

La Union, Department of; cities and towns 8, 26 

M. 

Minerals and mining 47 

Mining code 49 

Menendez, Gen 3 

Money 64 

Morazan, Gen. Francisco 2 

Morazan, Department of, cities and towns ' 25 

N. 
Newspaper directory . .' , 166 

P. 

Parcels post convention with United States 10S-113 

Political divisions and population 9 

Postal service 70, 74 

Public debt 68 

R. 

Rivers 6, 7 

Religion 30, 33 

Revenue 64, 68 



INDEX. 169 

S. 

Page. 

San Miguel, Department of, cities and towns 23 

Santa Ana, Department of, cities and towns 16 

San Salvador, Department of, cities and towns 10 

San Vincente, Department of, cities and towns 20 

Seaports ° 

Sonsonate, Department of, cities and towns 14 

Sugar • ' 42 

T. 

Telegraphs 73 

Tobacco ; • 43 

Transportation 7° 

U. 

Usulutan, Department of, cities and towns. 22 

V. 

Y'olcanoes 6, 7, 13, 20, 24 

W. 

Weights and measures •. 63 

Wharf charges * • 71 

Z. 

Zaldinar, President 3 

■ o 



Library of Congress 
Branch Bindery, 1901 



ii'' 



irx 



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1 iRR&RY OF CONGRESS 

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